kinship marriage and the household

1. Kinship, Marriage
and The
Household

2. KINSHIP
• The bond of blood or marriage which binds
people together in group.
• According to the Dictionary of Anthropology,
kinship system includes socially recognized
relationships based on supposed as well as actual
genealogical ties. These relationships are the
result of social interaction and recognized by
society.

3. Types of Kinship
◦ Affinal Kinship
- Relationships based upon marriage or
cohabitation between collaterals (people treated as
the same generation)
◦ Consanguineous Kinship
- Connections between people that are traced by
blood

4. Kinship by Blood

5. Descent Systems
Kinship is reckoned in a number of different ways around the world,
resulting in a variety of types of descent patterns and kin groups.
Anthropologists frequently use diagrams to illustrate kinship
relationships to make them more understandable.

6. • In kinship diagrams, one individual is usually labeled as
ego. This is the person to whom all kinship relationships
are referred. In the case below on the right, ego has a
brother (Br), sister (Si), father (Fa), and mother (Mo). Note
also that ego is shown as being gender nonspecific--that
is, either male or female.

7. Unilineal Descent
• This traces descent only through a single
line of ancestors, male or female. Both males
and females are members of a unilineal
family, but descent links are only recognized
through relatives of one gender. The two
basic forms of unilineal descent are referred
to as patrilineal and matrilineal.

8. Patrilineal Descent
• Both males and females belong to their father's kin group but not
their mother's. However, only males pass on their family identity
to their children. A woman's children are members of her
husband's patrilineal line. The red people in the diagram below
are related to each other patrilineally.

9. Matrilineal Descent
• The form of unilineal descent that follows a female line.When using this
pattern, individuals are relatives if they can trace descent through females to
the same female ancestor. While both male and female children are members
of their mother's matrilineal descent group, only daughters can pass on the
family line to their offspring. The green people below are related to each
other matrilineally.

10. Bilineal Descent
• When both patrilineal and matrilineal descent principles are
combined

11. Kinship by Marriage

12. • Marriage is an institution that admits men and
women to family life. Edward Westermarck defined
marriage as the more or less durable connection
between male and female lasting beyond the mere act
of propagation till after the birth of offspring.
• Lowie defined it as a relatively permanent bond
between permissible mates.
• Malinowski defined marriage as a contract for the
production and maintenance of children.
• According to Lundberg Marriage consists of the rules
and regulations that define the rights, duties and
privileges of husband and wife with respect to each
other.

13. MONOGAMY
• Monogamy is the practice of having only
one spouse at one time. In some cases,
monogamy means having only one spouse
for an entire life span. Out of the different
types of marriages, monogamy is the only
one that is legal in the United States and in
most industrial nations.

14. ◦ Social monogamy: Two persons/creatures that live together,
have sex with one another, and cooperate in acquiring basic
resources such as food, clothes, and money.
◦ Sexual monogamy: Two persons/creatures that remain sexually
exclusive with one another and have no outside sex partners.
◦ Genetic monogamy: Two partners that only have offspring
with one another.
◦ Marital monogamy: Marriages of only two people.
◦ Serial monogamy: A series of relationships. One person has only
one partner at a time, and then moves on to another partner
after severing the relationship with the first.

15. Polygamy
• is a Greek word meaning "The practice of multiple Marriage". It is
a marriage pattern in which an individual is married to more than
one person at a time.
Two different types of Polygamy:
Polygyny is the practice of one man having more than
one wife or sexual partner at a time.
Polyandry involves one woman having multiple husbands, within
Polyandry there are many variations on the marriage style.

16. Residence Pattern
Four major residence patterns:
Neolocal Residence is most common with North American couples. This is where
the couple finds their own house, independent from all family members.
Patrilocal Residence is most commonly used with herding and farming societies.
It’s where the married couple lives with the husband’s father ’sfamily. By living with
the husband’s family, it lets all the men, (the father, brothers, and sons) continue to
work together on the land.
Matrilocal Residence is most familiar among horticultural groups. It’s where the
couple moves to live where the wife grew up; usually found with matrilineal
kinship systems.
Avunculocal Residence is also related in matrilineal societies however in this case
the couple moves to live with the husband’s mother ’sbrother. They live with the
most significant man, his uncle, because it’s who they will later inherit everything
from.

17. Ritual Kinship

18. Compadrazgo
• Ritual kinship in the form of godparenthood
• Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her baptism
confirmation, and marriage. The godparents were then tied to the
parents as coparents.
• Ideally co-parents should be a married couple; they were preferred
because their unions were typically more stable and they were more
likely to be able to provide a home for the child should the need arise.
In most communities, however, there were not enough couples to
serve as godparents for all children, so single women of good
reputation were frequently chosen. It was important that the person
asked should be of proper character and good standing in the
community.

19. Family and The Household

20. Nuclear Family
• A family consisting of a
married man & woman and
their biological children.
• The main issue for children is
to help them under- stand
that their two-parent,
heterosexual family is a fine
family, and is one kind among
many other kinds of families

21. Extended Family
• A family where
Grandparents or Aunts and
Uncles play major roles in the
children’s upbringing. This may
or may not include those
relatives living with the
children. These family members
may be in addition to the
child’s parents or instead of
the child’s parents.

22. Conditionally Separated Families
• A family member is separated from the
rest of the family. This may be due to
employment far away; military service;
incarceration; hospitalization. They
remain significant members of the
family.

23. Transnational family
• These families live in more than one
country. They may spend part of each year
in their country of origin returning to the
U.S. on a regular basis. The child may
spend time being cared for by different
family members in each country

24. Blended or Reconstituted Families
• A type of family where the parents have a
child or children from previous marital
relationships but all the members stay and
congregate to form a new family unit. It is
sometimes called a step family,
reconstituted family, or a complex family.

25. Politics of Kinship

26. • Kinship politics is commonly found in tribal societies
across the world where kin genealogy is applied to
determine the system of communal leadership. It is the
traditional pattern of bequeathing political power to family
members.
• Kinship politics is built based on the classic political
principle: blood is thicker than water. It asserts that
power should be distributed among family members.
• For the sake of family security, power should not be
seized from those who have kinship connections and
must be circulated only among those who are tied by
blood.

27. • Political dynasties have long been present in the
Philippine political structure.
• Political dynasties started emerging after the
Philippine Revolution when the First Republic of the
Philippines was established. Over the years, newer
dynasties emerged as some of the initial ones
became inactive. Majority of the positions in the
Philippine government are currently held by
members of political dynasties. Notable Philippine
political dynasties include the Aquino and Marcos
families.