1. Name : WAQAR ALI KHAN
Group: 3rd
Semester. 9th
Topic. Cranial Nerve Assesement

2. •Cranial nerve examination, also known
as a neurological examination, is a
series of tests that assess the function
of the twelve cranial nerves. These
nerves originate from the brain and
control various sensory and motor
functions of the head and neck region

3. •Introduction: The examiner
introduces themselves,
explains the procedure, and
obtains the patient's consent.

4. •Observation: The examiner
observes the patient for any visible
abnormalities, such as facial
asymmetry, drooping, or
involuntary movements.

5. •Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve
I): The examiner tests the
patient's sense of smell by
presenting various familiar odors
and asking the patient to identify
them.

7. •Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II): Visual
acuity and visual field are assessed
using an eye chart and a confrontation
test, respectively. The examiner may
also use an ophthalmoscope to
examine the back of the eye (retina
and optic disc).

9. •Oculomotor (Cranial Nerve III),
Trochlear (Cranial Nerve IV), and
Abducens (Cranial Nerve VI) Nerves:
Eye movements and pupillary reflexes
are evaluated. The patient is asked to
follow the examiner's finger or an object
moving in different directions, while the
examiner observes eye movements,
muscle coordination, and any abnormal
deviation of the eyes. Pupillary
responses to light are also tested.

11. •Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V):
Sensation in the face is assessed by
lightly touching various areas with a soft
object (e.g., cotton swab). The patient
is also asked to clench their jaw while
the examiner feels the muscles of
mastication

13. •Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve
VII): The patient is asked to
perform different facial
expressions, such as smiling,
frowning, and raising the
eyebrows. The examiner checks
for symmetry, muscle weakness,
or any abnormal movements.

15. •Vestibulocochlear Nerve
(Cranial Nerve VIII): Hearing and
balance are evaluated using a
tuning fork or audiometry tests.
The examiner may perform the
Weber and Rinne tests to assess
the conduction and sensorineural
components of hearing.

17. •Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial
Nerve IX) and Vagus Nerve (Cranial
Nerve X): The examiner assesses the
patient's ability to swallow, speak, and
perform the gag reflex test. The uvula
and palate movement are also
observed.

19. •Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI):
The examiner evaluates the strength
and range of motion of the neck and
shoulder muscles while asking the
patient to shrug their shoulders against
resistance.

21. •Hypoglossal Nerve
(Cranial Nerve XII): The
examiner assesses tongue
movement, including
protrusion and side-to-side
movements.

22. •Thank you