1. What’s With the Name?
•The name ‘Bluetooth’ was named after 10th century
Viking king in Denmark Harald Bluetooth who united
and controlled Denmark and Norway.
•The name was adopted because Bluetooth wireless
technology is expected to unify the
telecommunications and computing industries

2. Who Started Bluetooth?
• Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
•Founded in Spring 1998
•By Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba;
•Now more than 2000 organizations joint the SIG

3. What Is Bluetooth?
☼ Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range
digital radio to interconnect a variety of devices Cell
phones, notebook computers, modems, cordless
phones, pagers, laptop computers, printers, cameras
by developing a single-chip, low-cost, radio-based
wireless network technology

4. Bluetooth
• Simplifying communications between:
- devices and the internet
- data synchronization
• Operates in licensed exempt ISM band at 2.4ghz
• Uses frequency hoping spread spectrum
• Omni directional, no requiring line of sight
• Bluetooth offers data speeds of up to 1 Mbps up to 10
meters (Short range wireless radio technology )
• Unlike IrDA, Bluetooth supports a LAN-like mode
where multiple devices can interact with each other.
• The key limitations of Bluetooth are security and
interference with wireless LANs.
• Short range wireless radio technology

5. Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a PAN Technology
o Offers fast and reliable transmission for both voice and data
o Can support either one asynchronous data channel with up to three
simultaneous synchronous speech channels or one channel that transfers
asynchronous data and synchronous speech simultaneously
o Support both packet-switching and circuit-switching

6. Bluetooth
• Personal Area Network (PAN) Bluetooth is a
standard that will …
o Eliminate wires and cables between both stationary and mobile devices
o Facilitate both data and voice communications
o Offer the possibility of ad hoc networks and deliver synchronicity between
personal devices

7. Bluetooth Topology
• Bluetooth-enabled devices can automatically locate each
other
• Topology is established on a temporary and random basis
• Up to eight Bluetooth devices may be networked together
in a master-slave relationship to form a Piconet ( A
collection of devices connected via Bluetooth technology
in an ad hoc fashion)

8. Cont.
• One is master, which controls and setup the network
• All devices operate on the same channel and follow
the same frequency hopping sequence
• Two or more piconet interconnected to form a
scatter net
• Only one master for each piconet
• A device can’t be masters for two piconets
• The slave of one piconet can be the master of
another piconet

9. Ad-hoc
• A network connection method which is most often
associated with wireless devices.
• The connection is established for the duration of one
session and requires no base station.
• Instead, devices discover others within range to form a
network for those computers.
• Devices may search for target nodes that are out of
range by flooding the network with broadcasts that are
forwarded by each node.
• Connections are possible over multiple nodes (multihop
ad hoc network).
• Routing protocols then provide stable connections even
if nodes are moving around

10. A piconet
• is an ad-hoc computer network of devices using
Bluetooth technology protocols to allow one master
device to interconnect with up to seven active slave
devices
• Up to 255 further slave devices can be inactive, or
parked, which the master device can bring into active
status at any time.

11. A Typical Bluetooth Network Piconet
• Master sends its globally unique 48-bit id and
clock
o Hopping pattern is determined by the 48-bit device ID
o Phase is determined by the master’s clock
• Why at most 7 slaves?
o (because a three-bit MAC adress is used).
• Parked and standby nodes
o Parked devices can not actively participate in the piconet
but are known to the network and can be reactivated within
some milliseconds
o 8-bit for parked nodes
o No id for standby nodes
o Standby nodes do not participate in the piconet

12. Cont.
• The master for a piconet can join another piconet as a
slave; in this case, all communication within in the former
piconet will be suspended .
• When leaving a piconet, a slave notifies the master
about its absence for certain amount of time.
• Communication between different piconets takes place
by devices jumping back and forth between these nets

13. Simplified Bluetooth stack

14. Bluetooth Profile Structure

15. How Does It Work?
• Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny, radio frequency
chips that can be plugged
into your devices
• The information is then transmitted to your device
• These chips were designed to
take all of the information that
your wires normally send, and
transmit it at a special
frequency to something
called a receiver
Bluetooth chip.

16. Bluetooth Chip
RF
Baseband
Controller
Link
Manager
Bluetooth Chip

17. SPECIFICATIONS
• Bluetooth specifications are divided into two:
o Core Specifications
This bluetooth specification contains the Bluetooth Radio
Specification as well as the Baseband, Link Manager, L2CAP,
Service Discovery, RFCOMM and other specifications.

18. SPECIFICATIONS
o Application Specifications
• These specifications include the following
• Profiles Cordless Telephony
• Serial Port
• Headset
• Intercom
• Dialup Networking
• Fax
• File Transfer
• Service Discovery Application
• Generic Access

19. Power Management Benefits
• Cable Replacement
o Replace the cables for peripheral devices
• Ease of file sharing
o Panel discussion, conference, etc.
• Wireless synchronization
o Synchronize personal information contained in the
address books and date books between different
devices such as PDAs, cell phones, etc.
• Bridging of networks
o Cell phone connects to the network through dial-up
connection while connecting to a laptop with Bluetooth.

20. Bluetooth Devices
• Telephones
• Headsets
• Computers
• Cameras
• PDAs
• Cars
• Etc …
Bluetooth will soon be enabled in
everything from:

21. Bluetooth Products 1
• Bluetooth-enabled
PC Card

22. Bluetooth Products 2
• Bluetooth-enabled
PDA

23. Bluetooth Products 3
• Bluetooth-enabled
Cell Phone

24. Bluetooth Products 4
• Bluetooth-enabled
Head Set

25. Usage Models
• Cordless computer
• Ultimate headset
• Three-in-one phone
• Interactive conference (file transfer)
• Direct network access
• Instant postcard

26. Wireless Technologies
• There are two technologies that have been developed as
wireless cable replacements: Infrared (IRDA) and radio
(Bluetooth).

27. Compare Infrared, Bluetooth
Bluetooth Infrared
Connection
Type
Spread
Spectrum
Infrared, narrow
beam
Spectrum 2.4GHz
Optical 850
nano meters
Data Rate 1Mbps 16Mbps
Range 30 Feet 3 Feet
Supported
Devices
Upto 8 2

28. Our Focus
•Bluetooth security

29. Security of Bluetooth
• Bluetooth provides three security services
o Authentication – identity verification of communicating
devices
o Confidentiality – against information compromise
o Authorization – access right of resources/services

30. Advantages (+)
• Wireless (No Cables)
• No Setup Needed
• Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
• Industry Wide Support

31. Disadvantages (-)
• Short range (10 meters)
• Small throughput rates
- Data Rate 1.0 Mbps
• Mostly for personal use (PANs)
• Fairly Expensive

32. Bluetooth’s Future
•The future of this technology becoming a standard is likely
•With a strong industry pushing behind it, success is inevitable.
•Often, with new technology, early changes mean
reconstruction. Not With Bluetooth, instead, there will be
an improvement to the existing standard.
•Bluetooth will soon be known as Bluetooth 2.2 as they are trying to
develop the product to better fulfill the needs of consumers