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1. Introduction to
Restoring Sanctuary
Part 1
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes, Executive Director AllCEUs Counselor Continuing Education
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox
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2. Based in part on…
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3. Objectives
 Review types of trauma
 Define sanctuary
 Explore where to create sanctuary
 Identify why sanctuary is important to change
 Learn about the impact of trauma
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4. Types of Trauma--Individual
 Physical, emotional or sexual abuse victim or witness (At home, in the
community, at school…)
 Neglect
 Household member with addiction or significant mental illness
 Gaslighting
 Accident, illness, medical procedure, birth trauma (Medical trauma)
 Historical trauma
 Natural and man made disasters
 Forced displacement
 Military or community violence
 Traumatic grief or separation (death, jail, divorce)
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4
Client, staff,
organization

5. Trauma and the Organization
 An estimated 70 percent of adults in the United
States have experienced a trauma (employees, caregivers,
providers…)
 This means that traumatized individuals who are likely
reenacting their own trauma dynamics are the ones
running the environments in which people are
supposed to recover from trauma.
 Organizations are living, adaptive systems which are
vulnerable to stress, particularly chronic stress.
 Organizations can be traumatized and the result of
traumatic experience can be devastating
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5

6. Types of Trauma--Organization
 Physical, emotional or sexual abuse primary or secondary
victimization
 Neglect (Senior management not providing necessary tools,
resources, safety)
 Team members or clients with addiction or significant mental
illness
 Gaslighting
 Historical trauma
 Natural and man made disasters
 Forced displacement (Transfers, program closing, terminations)
 Community violence (Bad reputation in the community)
 Traumatic grief or separation (death, jail, divorce)
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6

7. Symptoms that Cope with Violence
 Aggression (verbal and physical)
 Self-injurious behavior (cutting, addictions, eating
disorders)
 High risk behaviors
 “Antisocial” behaviors
 “Borderline” behaviors
 Creating drama and chaos
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When a person feels
unsafe physically,
emotionally,
cognitively, morally
or interpersonally
(rejection) what
function do these
behaviors serve?
In what way might
these behaviors be
the result of
ingrained learning?

8. Impact of Trauma
 Issues of exposure to trauma and adversity in
childhood were central to the development of most
mental illness
 Early attachment determines how people interpret
and interact with the world
 Biological (stress, hypocortisolism, sleep difficulty)
 Emotional (triggers and regulation, inability to grieve and
anticipate the future)
 Cognitive (attitude, perception, schemas, efficacy (concrete
operational and egocentric))
 Social (empathy, trust, communication, boundaries,
difficulty with authority)
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9. Impact of Trauma
 Behavioral Urges, Knowledge, Emotion,
Physiological reactions (UKEP)
 Are stored and assimilated or accommodated
 Can be recalled
 When exposed to highly stressful situations the
brain is flooded with neurochemicals that make it
difficult to remember and integrate what is going
on
 Poorly integrated UKEP can cause hypervigilance, body
memories, flashbacks
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10. Impact of Trauma
 Failure to integrate experiences leads to
 Adaptive coping which leads to
Habit formation
 Symptoms/Clinically significant distress
 Like assembling a piece of furniture and having 6
parts left over.
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11. Why Sanctuary is Important to Change
 The impact of traumatic experience is so
profound because it tends to freeze children in
time, trapping them in a seemingly endless
feedback loop of destructive repetition that is
conveyed from one generation to the next via
disruptions in attachment relationships
 The focus of attention changes from exclusively
trying to control the child’s behavior – or
misbehavior to the true complexity of the child’s
dynamics and injuries
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12. Creating Sanctuary
 Refers to the shared experience of creating and
maintaining safety within any social environment
 Home
 School/Work
 Hospitals/Clinics
 Doctors Offices
 Public Buildings
 Correctional and Court Systems
 Child Welfare
 Neighborhoods
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How can we, as
organizations do this?

13. Necessary Skills
 Safety and self care. (You deserve it)
 Give examples of poor safety skills as a result of trauma exposure
 Emotion regulation and distress tolerance
 Cognitive (Attitude, perception/perspective, schema
evaluation, self-efficacy, problem solving)
 How does trauma impact this area?
 Communication (Mindfulness, assertiveness, boundary setting)
 Give examples of problems with communication resulting from trauma.
 Judgement skills (Mindfulness, tuning in, problem solving)
 In what ways is judgment impaired as a result of trauma?
 Grieving and envisioning
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How might a lack of
these skills lead to
symptomatic
behaviors?

14. Summary
 There are many different types of trauma
 Organizations, like people can be organized
around crisis and create trauma for employees as
well as for clients
 Many presenting symptoms in clients and crisis
organized organizations can be traced back to
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15. Introduction to
Restoring Sanctuary
Part 2
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes, Executive Director AllCEUs Counselor Continuing Education
Podcast Host: Counselor Toolbox
AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 15

16. Objectives
 Review types of trauma
 Define sanctuary
 Explore where to create sanctuary
 Identify why sanctuary is important to change
 Learn about the impact of trauma
 Learn how to assess the individual and organization
for symptoms of trauma
 Identify the Sanctuary commitments
 Discover how to use the SELF model for interpreting
individual and organizational behavior
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17. Assessing the Organization
 What evidence do you see of these things in yourself,
colleagues, providers as the result of trauma exposure?
 Biological (stress, hypocortisolism, sleep difficulty)
 Emotional (triggers and regulation, inability to grieve and
anticipate the future)
 Cognitive (attitude, perception, schemas, efficacy (concrete
operational and egocentric))
 Social (empathy, trust, communication, boundaries, difficulty with
authority)
 In what way do these symptoms compound stress or
recreate trauma for people who have been traumatized?
 In what ways do these things impact the organization?
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18. Organizational Evaluation
 What evidence do you see of these things in your
organization?
 Loss of basic safety and trust (S)
 Loss of emotional management (E)
 Inability to deal with loss (L)
 Inability to resolve/integrate experiences for a growth
opportunity (F)
 Problems with cognition, perception and problem solving
 Communication issues
 Problems with authority
 Confused sense of justice
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In what way do these
symptoms compound stress
or recreate trauma for
people who have been
traumatized?
In what ways do these
things impact the
organization?

19. Assessing the Organization
 Crisis-driven organizations
 Sacrifice communication, feedback loops, participatory
decision making and complex problem-solving due to
chronic stress
 Shift to an increasingly hierarchical, top-down control
structure that discourages creativity, innovation and
risk-taking resulting in an inability to manage
complexity” (Bloom, 2005)
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20. Impact on the Organization
 Chronic stress  Chronic crisis  Lack of safety and
basic trust  Loss of emotional management
Communication breaks down  Conflict increases 
Repetition of failed strategies  Learned helplessness 
Loss of critical thinking  Silencing of dissent
Increased authoritarianism  Unresolved issues and
demoralization
 How do people feel within these environments?
 In what ways does this parallel prior toxic
experiences?
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21. Behavioral Evaluation
 S=In what ways did the person not feel safe
 How could he/she be helped to feel safe
 E=What vulnerabilities, triggers/re-enactment
stimuli, or skill deficits led to inability to effectively
identify emotions in self and others and effectively
regulate personal emotions and behaviors?
 What needs to happen to scaffold emotional management?
 L= In what ways did this event represent a loss or a
recapitulation of a loss? (Safety, love, power/control)
 F= What does this person need to be able to restore
hope, purpose and empower positive change?
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22. AllCEUs Unlimited CEUs $59 | Addiction Counselor Certificate Training $149 | Specialty Certificates $89 22

23. Sanctuary Perspective
 What happened to you instead of what is wrong
with you.
 More time focusing on the solution than the
problem
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24. What are the Benefits of Sanctuary
 Improved communication
 Improved social skills and relationships
 Decreased violence
 Improved judgment and problem solving
 Fewer symptoms of trauma
 Improved job/work/school performance
 Organizational
 Reduced turnover
 Improved morale
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25. Sanctuary Commitments
 Nonviolence—Physical and Verbal (Trust)
 Helping to build safety skills and a commitment to
higher goals
 From hostile environments (including microaggressions)
to hospitality (physical, social, moral, and
psychological safety)
 Refusal to retaliate with physical or psychological
violence
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

26. Sanctuary Commitments
 Emotional Intelligence (Seeing Patterns, affect
management)
 Capability of individuals to
Recognize their own emotions and those of others
Discern between different feelings and label them(and
their causes) appropriately
Use emotional information to guide thinking
 Leaders understand that a key part of their job is to
recognize, contain, and manage emotions in their
organization
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

27. Sanctuary Commitments
 Social Learning (Constantly learning, problem solving)
 Learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and
modeling healthy interactions
 From top-down directing to a “living-learning”
environment
Everyone – clients, staff, leaders – is expected to learn
and contribute to the learning of others all the time
Become aware of, articulate, and unlearn established
patterns and routines (What are some toxic routines at
your agency? That you have?)
Adapts to changing conditions
Values everyone in the learning environment
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

28. Sanctuary Commitments
 Open Communication (Maintaining a flow of ideas)
 Helping to overcoming barriers to healthy communication,
reduce acting-out, enhance self-protective and self-
correcting skills, teach healthy boundaries
 Organizational and interpersonal transparency (Know the
whys and eliminate ulterior motives)
 Everyone communicates directly and, as much as possible,
using words to convey what they mean
 Leaders not only practice the ability to handle dissent when
it occurs but to actually search for it.
 How is this done in an organization? In therapy? In parent-
child relationships?
 What are the organizational “undiscussables”?
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

29. Sanctuary Commitments
 Social Responsibility (Common goals and focus)
 Helping to rebuild social connection skills, establish healthy
attachment relationships
 Develop a commitment to balancing individual rights and
responsibilities with the rights and responsibilities of the
community instead of the “reciprocity rule” (react as the
other did, and expect the other to do as you did) to
 Distributive justice (how resources are allocated) –
 Procedural justice (principles that govern decision making
processes, rewards and punishments)
 Interactional justice (how one person treats another)
 Shared ethical principles
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

30. Sanctuary Commitments
 Democracy (Importance of each person’s
contribution)
 Helping to create civic skills of self-control, self discipline,
and administration of healthy authority
 Communicating that everyone’s participation as a personal
responsibility
 Tools needed for democratic participation
 Expressing oneself
 Deeply listening to others
 Conflict management
 Compromise
 Self-control, self-discipline, self-respect
 Respect for others
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

31. Sanctuary Commitments
 Growth and change (Vision to propel innovation)
 Helping to restore hope, meaning, purpose and
empower positive change
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How can this be
accomplished in
~A home
~Your organization
~Society

32. SELF
 The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
 Safety: Maintaining safety in self, relationships, and
environment
Self Protection
Self Knowledge
Self Esteem
Self Efficacy
Self Discipline
Self Control
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33. SELF
 The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
 Emotions:
Identifying feelings
Modulating affect in response to memories, persons,
events
Trading actions for words
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34. SELF
 The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
 Loss: Feeling grief and dealing with personal losses
Grieving
Saying goodbye/integration
Refraining from re-enactment
Moving on
Feeling grief and dealing with personal losses
What losses did the person experience or were triggered
as a result of this experience?
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35. SELF
 The 4 key interactive aspects from bad
experiences
 Future:
Trying out new roles, ways of relating and behaving as a
“survivor” to ensure personal safety and help others
Learn ways of relating and behaving as a “survivor” to
ensure personal safety and help others
Enhance vision of the future
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36. Summary
 Trauma takes many forms and represents a sense of a loss
of safety
 Sanctuary can be created in the home, community and
organization
 Sanctuary helps people become aware of the function of
their behaviors and break unhelpful re-enactment cycles
 Organizations are susceptible to trauma and can
retraumatize individuals
 The SELF model helps people interpreting individual and
organizational behavior in terms of its impact on safety,
emotional regulation, sense of loss and hope for the
future.
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37. Services Provided by the Sanctuary Institute
 The Implementation of the Sanctuary Model is executed through
a combination of trainings and consultations provided by the
Sanctuary Institute Faculty members that move organizations
through a series of steps to align the practices and attitudesof an
organization toward a trauma-informed perspective.
 Sarah Yanosy, LCSW, Director of the Sanctuary Institute
 Andrus Children’s Center
 1156 North Broadway Yonkers, NY 10701
 Phone: 914‐965‐3700 x1117
 Email: syanosy@jdam.org
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