Aim1: To study the method of genome identification through ENSEMBL browser. Aim2: To study the method of genome identification through VISTA. Aim3: To study the method of genome identification through UCSC Genome Browser. Aim4: To study the method of genome and amino acid sequences through UCSC Genome Browser.

1. Protocols for Genomics And Proteomics
Aim1: To study the method of genome identification through ENSEMBL
browser.
Principle: ENSEMBL (https://asia.ensembl.org/index.html): ENSEMBL is a genome browser
for vertebrate genomes that supports research in comparative genomics, evolution, sequence
variation and transcriptional regulation. ENSEMBL annotate genes, computes multiple
alignments, predicts regulatory function and collects disease data. ENSEMBL tools include
BLAST, BLAT, BioMart and the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) for all supported species. The
Ensembl Rapid Release website provides annotation for recently produced, publicly available
vertebrate and non-vertebrate genomes from biodiversity initiatives such as Darwin Tree of Life,
the Vertebrate Genomes Project and the Earth BioGenome Project.
Method: a. Open website by the link https://grch37.ensembl.org/index.html
b. Enter the name of living organism (microrganisms, fungi, algae, plants and animals)
c. Enter the obtain sequence (isolated genome from test organism) and compare with data feed in
ENSEMBL tool/website.
Ressults: Save the data as per requirements.
Aim2: To study the method of genome identification through VISTA.
Principle: a. Windows Vista, the line of Microsoft Windows client operating systems released in
2006 and 2007
b. VistA, (Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture) a medical records
system of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs and others worldwide
c. VISTA (comparative genomics), software tools for genome analysis and genomic sequence
comparisons
d. VistaPro, and Vista, 3D landscape generation software for the Amiga and PC
e. VIsualizing STructures And Sequences, bioinformatics software
Method: a. Open website by the link of VISTA
b. Enter the name of living organism (Specially human)
c. Enter the obtain sequence (isolated genome from test organism) and compare with genome
sequences obtain from accused person (specially for affair purposes).
Ressults: Save the data as per requirements.

2. Aim3: To study the method of genome identification through UCSC Genome
Browser.
Priciple: UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/): On June 22, 2000, UCSC and the
other members of the International Human Genome Project consortium completed the first
working draft of the human genome assembly, forever ensuring free public access to the genome
and the information it contains. A few weeks later, on July 7, 2000, the newly assembled genome
was released on the web at http://genome.ucsc.edu, along with the initial prototype of a graphical
viewing tool, the UCSC Genome Browser. In the ensuing years, the website has grown to
include a broad collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along
with a large suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data. In the years since its
inception, the UCSC Browser has expanded to accommodate genome sequences of all vertebrate
species and selected invertebrates for which high-coverage genomic sequences is available, now
including 46 species. High coverage is necessary to allow overlap to guide the construction of
larger contiguous regions. Genomic sequences with less coverage are included in multiple-
alignment tracks on some browsers, but the fragmented nature of these assemblies does not make
them suitable for building full featured browsers. (more below on multiple-alignment tracks).
The species hosted with full-featured genome browsers are shown in the table.
Method: a. Open website by the link https://genome.ucsc.edu
b. Enter the name of living organism (microrganisms, fungi, algae, plants and animals)
c. Enter the obtain sequence (isolated genome from test organism) and compare with data feed in
UCSC Genome Browser tool/website.
Ressults: Save the data as per requirements.
Aim4: To study the method of genome and amino acid sequences through
UCSC Genome Browser.
Principle: NCBI genome (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/): The National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of
Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded
by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was
founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by Senator Claude Pepper.The NCBI houses a
series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for
bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences
and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include

3. the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through
the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of
the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics. He
also led an intramural research program, including groups led by Stephen
Altschul (another BLAST co-author), David Landsman, Eugene Koonin, John Wilbur, Teresa
Przytycka, and Zhiyong Lu. David Lipman stood down from his post in May 2017.
Method: a. Open website by the link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome
b. Enter the name of living organism (microrganisms, fungi, algae, plants and animals)
c. Enter the obtain sequence (isolated genome and amino acids from test organism) and compare
with data feed in NCBI Genome Browser tool/website.
Ressults: Save the data as per requirements.