Avitaminosis is any disease caused by chronic or long-term deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to niacin. They are designated by the same letter as the vitamin.
2. Vitamin is usually defined as an
organic substances not made
by the body, which is soluble
either in fat or water & is
ordinarily needed in only minute
quantities to act as a co factor
in a variety of metabolic
reaction
3. Avitaminosis is any disease caused by chronic or
long-term deficiency or caused by a defect in
metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to
niacin. They are designated by the same letter as
the
vitamin.
Types :
vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia or night
blindness
thiamine deficiency causes beriberi
niacin deficiency causes pellagra
vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic
anemia
vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy
vitamin D deficiency causes rickets
6. Night Blindness
Bitots spots
Xerophthalmia
Corneal ulceration
Decreased salivary secretion( due to
metaplasia of secretory epithelium of the
salivary glands)
Hyperkeratosis of the Oral Mucosa
7. Oral Manifestation
• Defective formation of Enamel in teeth
• Hypoplasia of teeth
• Dentin lacks its normal tubular arrangement
• Increased caries susceptibility
• Periodontal disease
• Hyperplasic Gingiva
10. If deficiency occurs in children &
infants its called Rickets
And in Adults its called osteomalacia
Deficiency of vitamin D tends to cause
hypocalcemia
11. RICKETS
Clinical Features
Cranio-tabes
Frontal boss
Pigeon Chest
Bowing of legs
Rachitic rosary
Harrison grooves
Oral Manifestation
Developmental abnormalities of dentin & enamel
Hypoplasia & mottling of enamel
Increased caries susceptibly
Large pulp chamber
Malocclusion
12. Radiographic features
Long bones
A thinning of jaw cortical structures
Teeth -if the disease occurs by 3 years of age
# Enamel Hypoplasia
# pulp cavities of deciduous tooth enlarged
# Dentin is reduced to a thin margin
#Narrowing of PDL space
Management
Dietary enrichment
Calcium gluconate
Hormonal therapy like flucytosine
13. OSTEOMALACIA
Adult rickets
Flat bones & diaphyses of long bones are
effected
Clinical Features
Remodeling of the bone occurs in the
absence of adequate calcium resulting of
softening & distortion of the skeleton
Patient has bone pain & muscle weakness
Oral Manifestation
Severe periodontitis
14. Radiographic features
Pseudofracture
lamina dura may be thin or absent in long
standing cases
Management
Patient with Osteomalacia due to
intestinal malabsorbtion require a larger
dose of vitamin D & calcium ie 40,000 to
100000 iu of vitamin D & 15 – 20 gm of
calcium lactate per day
16. Prolongation of clotting time & a tendency to
bleed profusely
There can also be increased bleeding after
tooth extraction
Oral Manifestation
Gingival bleeding
Management
Its given in dose of 10- 20 mg daily
18. Mild deficiency – appear in the form of lassitude,
fatigue, anorexia, muscular pain & susceptibility
to infection
Severe deficiency- causes Scurvy
Clinical Features
Folliculosis- Hair follicle rises above skin &
there are perifollicular hemorrhage
Hemorrhage- In the joint nerve sheath under
the nails or conjunctiva
Scorbutic child – assumes a frog like position
Edema of limbs & Face
19. Oral Manifestation
Petechiae & Ecchimosis of the oral mucosa
Hyperemia
Edema & Enlargement of Gingiva with bleeding
Loss of teeth
Management
Vit. C 250 mg 3 times daily
Bleeding Gums
21. Nervous Disorder
Digestive symptoms
Beri – Beri
*Wet BeriBeri
*Dry Beriberi
*Infantile Beriberi
Oral Manifestation
Hypertensive mucosa
Pain in the tongue jaws & Face
25. Leads to a disease called pellagra
Oral manifestation
Entire oral mucosa becomes fiery red and
painful
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Management
Niacin 10mg per day and vit b complex
27. Megaloblastic Anemia
Weakness numbness Tingling of the extremities
Oral manifestation
Sore painful tongue
Glossitis
Glossodynia
Denture wearing discomfort-due to
weakened muscular tone
Management
oral –Its used in a dose of 6 – 150 mcg
Parenteral- 100 mcg of Vitamins twice weekly