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Chinu Maria Cyriac
IV BDS
AJ. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES
MANGALORE
Vitamin is usually defined as an
organic substances not made
by the body, which is soluble
either in fat or water & is
ordinarily needed in only minute
quantities to act as a co factor
in a variety of metabolic
reaction
Avitaminosis is any disease caused by chronic or
long-term deficiency or caused by a defect in
metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to
niacin. They are designated by the same letter as
the
vitamin.
Types :
 vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia or night
blindness
 thiamine deficiency causes beriberi
 niacin deficiency causes pellagra
 vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic
anemia
 vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy
 vitamin D deficiency causes rickets
Decreased intake
Impaired absorption
Increased metabolism
Inadequate storage
Avitaminosis
 Night Blindness
 Bitots spots
 Xerophthalmia
 Corneal ulceration
 Decreased salivary secretion( due to
metaplasia of secretory epithelium of the
salivary glands)
 Hyperkeratosis of the Oral Mucosa
Oral Manifestation
• Defective formation of Enamel in teeth
• Hypoplasia of teeth
• Dentin lacks its normal tubular arrangement
• Increased caries susceptibility
• Periodontal disease
• Hyperplasic Gingiva
Management
Depending upon Deficiency, symptoms
Vitamin A is given in the dose of 7500 to
15000 mcg per day for 1 month
Avitaminosis
 If deficiency occurs in children &
infants its called Rickets
 And in Adults its called osteomalacia
 Deficiency of vitamin D tends to cause
hypocalcemia
RICKETS
Clinical Features
 Cranio-tabes
 Frontal boss
 Pigeon Chest
 Bowing of legs
 Rachitic rosary
 Harrison grooves
Oral Manifestation
 Developmental abnormalities of dentin & enamel
 Hypoplasia & mottling of enamel
 Increased caries susceptibly
 Large pulp chamber
 Malocclusion
Radiographic features
 Long bones
 A thinning of jaw cortical structures
 Teeth -if the disease occurs by 3 years of age
# Enamel Hypoplasia
# pulp cavities of deciduous tooth enlarged
# Dentin is reduced to a thin margin
#Narrowing of PDL space
Management
 Dietary enrichment
 Calcium gluconate
 Hormonal therapy like flucytosine
OSTEOMALACIA
Adult rickets
Flat bones & diaphyses of long bones are
effected
Clinical Features
 Remodeling of the bone occurs in the
absence of adequate calcium resulting of
softening & distortion of the skeleton
 Patient has bone pain & muscle weakness
Oral Manifestation
Severe periodontitis
Radiographic features
Pseudofracture
lamina dura may be thin or absent in long
standing cases
Management
Patient with Osteomalacia due to
intestinal malabsorbtion require a larger
dose of vitamin D & calcium ie 40,000 to
100000 iu of vitamin D & 15 – 20 gm of
calcium lactate per day
Avitaminosis
Prolongation of clotting time & a tendency to
bleed profusely
There can also be increased bleeding after
tooth extraction
Oral Manifestation
Gingival bleeding
Management
Its given in dose of 10- 20 mg daily
Avitaminosis
Mild deficiency – appear in the form of lassitude,
fatigue, anorexia, muscular pain & susceptibility
to infection
Severe deficiency- causes Scurvy
Clinical Features
 Folliculosis- Hair follicle rises above skin &
there are perifollicular hemorrhage
 Hemorrhage- In the joint nerve sheath under
the nails or conjunctiva
 Scorbutic child – assumes a frog like position
 Edema of limbs & Face
Oral Manifestation
 Petechiae & Ecchimosis of the oral mucosa
 Hyperemia
 Edema & Enlargement of Gingiva with bleeding
 Loss of teeth
Management
 Vit. C 250 mg 3 times daily
Bleeding Gums
Avitaminosis
 Nervous Disorder
 Digestive symptoms
 Beri – Beri
*Wet BeriBeri
*Dry Beriberi
*Infantile Beriberi
Oral Manifestation
Hypertensive mucosa
Pain in the tongue jaws & Face
Avitaminosis
Clinical Features
Seborrhagic Dermatitis
Ocular changes
Oral Manifestation
 Glossitis
 Angular Chelitis
Management
Riboflavin 25000_50000 mcg is given daily
Avitaminosis
Leads to a disease called pellagra
Oral manifestation
 Entire oral mucosa becomes fiery red and
painful
 Glossitis
 Stomatitis
Management
Niacin 10mg per day and vit b complex
Avitaminosis
 Megaloblastic Anemia
 Weakness numbness Tingling of the extremities
Oral manifestation
 Sore painful tongue
 Glossitis
 Glossodynia
 Denture wearing discomfort-due to
weakened muscular tone
Management
oral –Its used in a dose of 6 – 150 mcg
Parenteral- 100 mcg of Vitamins twice weekly
Reference
Ghoms
Shafers
Avitaminosis

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Avitaminosis

  • 1. Chinu Maria Cyriac IV BDS AJ. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES MANGALORE
  • 2. Vitamin is usually defined as an organic substances not made by the body, which is soluble either in fat or water & is ordinarily needed in only minute quantities to act as a co factor in a variety of metabolic reaction
  • 3. Avitaminosis is any disease caused by chronic or long-term deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to niacin. They are designated by the same letter as the vitamin. Types :  vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia or night blindness  thiamine deficiency causes beriberi  niacin deficiency causes pellagra  vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia  vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy  vitamin D deficiency causes rickets
  • 6.  Night Blindness  Bitots spots  Xerophthalmia  Corneal ulceration  Decreased salivary secretion( due to metaplasia of secretory epithelium of the salivary glands)  Hyperkeratosis of the Oral Mucosa
  • 7. Oral Manifestation • Defective formation of Enamel in teeth • Hypoplasia of teeth • Dentin lacks its normal tubular arrangement • Increased caries susceptibility • Periodontal disease • Hyperplasic Gingiva
  • 8. Management Depending upon Deficiency, symptoms Vitamin A is given in the dose of 7500 to 15000 mcg per day for 1 month
  • 10.  If deficiency occurs in children & infants its called Rickets  And in Adults its called osteomalacia  Deficiency of vitamin D tends to cause hypocalcemia
  • 11. RICKETS Clinical Features  Cranio-tabes  Frontal boss  Pigeon Chest  Bowing of legs  Rachitic rosary  Harrison grooves Oral Manifestation  Developmental abnormalities of dentin & enamel  Hypoplasia & mottling of enamel  Increased caries susceptibly  Large pulp chamber  Malocclusion
  • 12. Radiographic features  Long bones  A thinning of jaw cortical structures  Teeth -if the disease occurs by 3 years of age # Enamel Hypoplasia # pulp cavities of deciduous tooth enlarged # Dentin is reduced to a thin margin #Narrowing of PDL space Management  Dietary enrichment  Calcium gluconate  Hormonal therapy like flucytosine
  • 13. OSTEOMALACIA Adult rickets Flat bones & diaphyses of long bones are effected Clinical Features  Remodeling of the bone occurs in the absence of adequate calcium resulting of softening & distortion of the skeleton  Patient has bone pain & muscle weakness Oral Manifestation Severe periodontitis
  • 14. Radiographic features Pseudofracture lamina dura may be thin or absent in long standing cases Management Patient with Osteomalacia due to intestinal malabsorbtion require a larger dose of vitamin D & calcium ie 40,000 to 100000 iu of vitamin D & 15 – 20 gm of calcium lactate per day
  • 16. Prolongation of clotting time & a tendency to bleed profusely There can also be increased bleeding after tooth extraction Oral Manifestation Gingival bleeding Management Its given in dose of 10- 20 mg daily
  • 18. Mild deficiency – appear in the form of lassitude, fatigue, anorexia, muscular pain & susceptibility to infection Severe deficiency- causes Scurvy Clinical Features  Folliculosis- Hair follicle rises above skin & there are perifollicular hemorrhage  Hemorrhage- In the joint nerve sheath under the nails or conjunctiva  Scorbutic child – assumes a frog like position  Edema of limbs & Face
  • 19. Oral Manifestation  Petechiae & Ecchimosis of the oral mucosa  Hyperemia  Edema & Enlargement of Gingiva with bleeding  Loss of teeth Management  Vit. C 250 mg 3 times daily Bleeding Gums
  • 21.  Nervous Disorder  Digestive symptoms  Beri – Beri *Wet BeriBeri *Dry Beriberi *Infantile Beriberi Oral Manifestation Hypertensive mucosa Pain in the tongue jaws & Face
  • 23. Clinical Features Seborrhagic Dermatitis Ocular changes Oral Manifestation  Glossitis  Angular Chelitis Management Riboflavin 25000_50000 mcg is given daily
  • 25. Leads to a disease called pellagra Oral manifestation  Entire oral mucosa becomes fiery red and painful  Glossitis  Stomatitis Management Niacin 10mg per day and vit b complex
  • 27.  Megaloblastic Anemia  Weakness numbness Tingling of the extremities Oral manifestation  Sore painful tongue  Glossitis  Glossodynia  Denture wearing discomfort-due to weakened muscular tone Management oral –Its used in a dose of 6 – 150 mcg Parenteral- 100 mcg of Vitamins twice weekly