The current Presentation is about the Mechanics of Respiration, Exchange and Transport of Respiratory Gases under the Physiology of Respiratory System.
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Dr. ANIKET A. SHILWANT
Associate Professor
Dept. of Sharir Kriya
Noble Ayurved College & Research Institute
Junagadh, Gujarat
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Table of Contents
Mechanics of Respiration
Exchange of Gases
Transport of Gases
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Mechanics of Respiration
Respiration process is assisted by muscles
Muscles involved-2types
1) Primary
2) Accessory
1) Primary muscles- Which actually involve in change of shape
of thoracic cage
2) Accessory muscles-Which assist or support the primary
muscles in their function
Muscles involved -2types
a) Inspiratory
b) Expiratory
i. Inspiratory Primary M
ii. Inspiratory Accessory M
iii. Expiratory Primary M
iv. Expiratory Accessory M
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Lungs expands with expansion of thoracic cage.
This is supported by –
1) Thoracic lid
2) Upper coastal series
3) Lower coastal series
4) Diaphragm
Thoracic cage expands in –
1) Anteroposterior diameter
2) Transverse diameter
3) Vertical diameter
Mechanics of Respiration
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1) Thoracic lid
a) Formed by manubrium and Ist pair of ribs
b) Also known as Thoracic Operculum
c) Movement direction-Forward, Upward
d) Thoracic cage expansion – Anteroposterior diameter
2) Upper coastal series
a) Formed by IInd to VIth pair of ribs
b) Movement direction-
Pump handle movement
Forward, Upward
Thoracic cage expansion-Antero-posterior
diameter
Mechanics of Respiration
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Bucket handle movement
Upward, Outward
Thoracic cage expansion-Transverse diameter
3) Lower coastal series
a) Formed by-VIIth to Xth pair of ribs
b) Movement direction-Upward, Outward
c) Thoracic cage expansion-Transverse diameter
4) Diaphragm
a) Initially dome shaped
b) Inspiration-gets flattened
c) Thoracic cage expansion-Vertical diameter
d) Expiration-gets curved, convex shape
Mechanics of Respiration
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Exchange of gases
Exchange of gases-
O2 -----IN
CO2----OUT
Method-Bulk diffusion
ATMOSPHERE
ALVEOLI
BLOOD
TISSUES
TISSUES
BLOOD
ALVEOLI
ATMOSPHERE
CO2 O2
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Exchange of gases at
alveolar level
Circulation of oxygenated
blood throughout body
Exchange of gases
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Exchange of gases= Oxygen
pO2=159mm of Hg
ATM
pO2=104mm of Hg
ALVEOLI
pO2=95mm of Hg
SYS.ARTERY
Po2=40mm of Hg
TISSUES
pO2=40mm of Hg
PUL.CAPILLARY
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Exchange of gases=Carbon Dioxide
pCO2=46mm of Hg
TISSUES
pCO2=40mm of Hg
SYS.CAPILLARY
pCO2=40mm of Hg
ALVEOLI
pCO2=0.3mm of Hg
ATM
pCO2=46mm of Hg
VEINS
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Transport of gases
Oxygen
1) Simple physical form
2) Oxyhemoglobin
Simple physical form
Freely suspended in blood
Travels through plasma
Very minimal amount
0.3ml/100ml accounts to only 3% of total oxygen
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Oxy- hemoglobin form
Readily combines with hemoglobin in RBC
Specific affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen, carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide
Studied via oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve
Transport of gases
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Carbon dioxide
1) Simple physical form
2) Carbonic acid form
3) Bicarbonate form
4) Carbamino compounds
Simple physical form
Freely suspended in blood
Travels through plasma
Very small amount
3ml/100ml accounts to only 7% of total oxygen
Transport of gases
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Carbonic acid form
Very negligible amount
Highly unstable
Easily dissociated
Bicarbonate form
Carbonic acid almost 200times more in RBC than other cells
or plasma
Chloride shift / Hamburger phenomenon
Reverse chloride shift
CO2+H20-----H2CO3---H+ + HCO3-
H+ + Hb----HHb
NaCl----Na + Cl Cl(ECF) Chloride Shift HCO3(RBC)
Na+ HCO3- ----- NaHCO3
Transport of gases
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Carbamino compounds
Hemoglobin readily attaches with carbon dioxide, plasma
proteins
Forms Carbamino hemoglobin and Carbamino proteins
Transport of gases
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Dr. ANIKET A. SHILWANT
Associate Professor
Dept. of Sharir Kriya
Noble Ayurved College & Research Institute
Junagadh, Gujarat
ayuraniket18@gmail.com
aniket.shilwant@ngivbt.edu.in
THANK YOU !!!