Here, this describes what is a programming language

2. • What is a computer program?
 A computer program is a sequence of instructions
which is designed to perform a certain task is using
the computer
• What is a programming language?
 A language which is used by programmers to write a
computer program is called a programming language.

3. Keyboard Input
Monitor Output
CPU RAM
User
Data
instructions
Computation
Program
execution
The process of programming

4. Programming
Languages
Low level Programming
Languages
High level Programming
Languages
 Machine language
 Assembly language
 Fortran
 Java
 Pascal

5. Low level Programming Languages
Machine language
This is a language which can be directly understood by the computer. Binary numbers such as 0s
and 1s (bits) are used to provide instructions. Hence, the processor could directly run a program
written in a machine language.
A program written in machine language has the following features,
• Could be executed directly on the machine
• Fast in operation
• No need of language translating programs to translate the program into binary
• Dependency on machines (a program written to one computer may not run on another
computer)
• Difficult to understand by humans as it is written using 0 and 1

6. Assembly language
Instead of commands written in a machine language using 0 and 1, assembly language is designed
to use simple symbols.
A program written in assembly language has the following features,
• Operation is comparatively slower than the machine language
• Assembly language should be translated to instructions using the language translating
program called assembler
• Dependency on machines (a program written for one computer cannot be run on another
computer)
• The use of symbols makes it more simple to understand

7. High level Programming Languages
Languages which are designed with simple English words enabling the programmer to understand
it easily are called high-level computer languages.
A program written in a high-level language has the following features,
• Easy to understand
• Need to be translated to machine language instructions before executing on a computer
• Does not depend on the machine
Examples for high level computer languages
 Python
 Lisp
 Pascal
 Java
 C
 C++
 SQL