6. Theresa Hall - Winscombe Village Survey
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6. Theresa Hall - Winscombe Village Survey
- 13. TENANCIES OVER TIME 1086 1189 1290 1366 1459 0 10 20 30
- 26. Placenames: La Ythe 1393 Litheyoo 1449-50
- 27. Phil and Maddy K Nick and Chris B Netty R Liam O’D Adrian B Justin V Mandy B Christine G Deb C Maria and Archie F Mandy N Amber Burnham A Terry M Tony W Sue K Julian and Max M Angie S Mary S Mick Aston James and Tina Bond John Gater Jimmy Adcock Frank Thorn Martin Ecclestone Michael Costen Nick Corcos Frances Neale David Dawson Ann Brookes Phil Harding Jackie McKinley Martin Watts John Blair Steve Rippon Paula Gardiner CBA Current Archaeology Dedicated to the people of Winscombe, past and present and yet to exist Acknowledgements:
Editor's Notes
- Mick’s last great passion. MA lived in Sandford from 1984. A topographical, archaeological, historical and architectural study of the historic parish of Winscombe in the north of Somerset. The aim is to study the interaction of the past community of the parish with its landscape and the world beyond. Background of the project Topography of parish Prehistory and history Methods Egs of what we’ve found out.
- Project started in 2008. Followed on from the Shapwick Project. Comparison of settlement within the parishes. Both similar size; both have areas of moors/levels; both owned by Glastonbury
- Map showing the two parishes – Shapwick nucleated settlement in the middle ages; whereas Winscombe has at least 22 separate settlements in the medieval records.
- Many of you will inadvertently have passed the end of the Winscombe Valley, or cut through the parish on the A38 the way to Bristol Airport. You might think you know the Sandford part of the parish too, as it supposedly features in the advert for Thatcher’s cider the factory for which, is in the village. Don’t believe everything you see however, because the settlement in the advert is definitely not Sandford.
- Topography; Winscombe valley hides within the end of the Limestone plateau of the Mendips. Nasty Mercian Mudstone clays; and fans of head deposited when the Mendip was frozen in periglacial conditions during the last ice age. Note route of M5 and A38 – crossing point of Mendip.
- Topography of the parish. Winscombe Valley; Sandford Hill Church; levels – Liddy Yeo.
- Stone rows / standing stones – Wimblestone and Yarbery stone. Palaeolithic handaxe from Winscombe head. Two axes from the South Pacific. Scattering of flint. Iron Age hillfort Roman on s side of Banwell hill. Wint hill Cologne bowl from 1950s exc. In Ashmolean.
- Skeletons and RB remains. MA with help of Jacky Mckinley – RC dates 430-610 and 660-810 at 95% probability We know there was a monastic site at Banwell. ? British Xian site on hill.
- HISTORICAL Winscombe 1st mention Grant from King Edgar 959x975 to AELSWITH wife of AELFHEAH the ealdorman of Hampshire. She leaves the estate to Glastonbury. All three were buried at Glaston. Grant probably included Shipham. Frank Thorn has written on the Winterhead Hundred. Mike Costen on the early charter boundaries.
- DOMESDAY BOOK 15h in hands of Glaston.4 sub holdings held by Knight’s Service Roger of Courseulles at Woodborough Ralph Tortesmains at Sandford And Pipe in Barton. Bishop of Coutances at WInterhead Pipe resident – other three would have sub let their holdings.
- Glaston lands appropriated by Bishop Savaric in 1199. Bishops of B and W were both bishop and abbot of GLAston until 1215 when monks petitioned pope to regain their independence. However, WINSCOMBE one of 4 estates held onto by Bishop Jocelyn. Given to the Dean and Chapter in 1239. TRIAL by DUEL John Selden records that this estates were fought over. G appointed one Henry de Ferenberg for 10 marcs and a further 5 if he won. BOTH CHAMPIONS APPEARED BEFORE THE COURT, BAREHEADED, UNGIRT, UNCLOAKED WITH BARE FEET. ON THE DAY OF THE CONTEST, THE ANTAGONISTS MET, BARELEGGED FROM THE KNEE DOWNWARDS , BARE HEADED AND BARE TO THE ELBOW, AND THEY FOUGHT WITH A STAFF OF AN ELL’S LENGTH. Bish must have won as Winscombe stays with Wells. Ownership fossilized land holding up until 20th century.
- WRITTEN RECORDS 26 compotus rolls 1277-8 earliest 12 court rolls Translated and transcribed by Martin Ecclestone Surveys of Sandford Manor, and the D and C lands. In 16th and 17th centuries. 2 custumals Compous rolls for Winterhead Winscombe cheese mystery – pre 1340s producing over 13 stones of cheese on the manor. All disappears at that date. Took me a while to work out that the herd was being farmed out – reference to 72s for lactage. Building repairs; details of harvests; tenancies; mortuary payments.
- INFORMATION ON HOW THE TENANCIES CHANGE 37 at DB 46 in 1189 66 in 1290 53 in 1366 60 in 1459 3 slaves at DB Cottars working on the demesne lands – cottages by church Between 1189 and 1290 tenancies are rearranged by Wells.
- MAPS 17th c map of Woodborough Common in centre of Winscombe Winding gear – lead mining Old Board Farm
- AERIAL PICs
- Spending time with Mick, I know this is a Robinson (!). Now we make do with a drone.
- ARCHITECTURE: upstanding archaeology Vernacular building group Ann Brooks – the villa residences Barton Rocks – Bristol ART and CRAFTS architect GEORGE OATLEY West End Farm in BARTON – dendro-date 1288
- GEOPHYSICS Rookery Farm WYKE JIMMY processing data at the breakfast table – note the marmite.
- FINDS SURGERIES CHRIS AND MARGOT SAMPSON Medieval roof tiles – probably from LOVESEFTS manor
- Test pits Looking for material that will help us work out when the tenements were first occupied. Material all to be returned to owners apart from the fabric series.
- COURT Interesting that there are more glazed wares in the immediate vicinity of the court building.
- Paul Harvey looked at the Oxford village of Cuxham through its medieval records and drew a potential reconstruction of the court site. Encouraged me to do the same for Winscombe.
- SURVEY of EWKS and MILL James Bond and TINA Test pit Ham GREEN – small revetment Records of Lovesefts exchanging alder wood for right to take water out of the FITLING WELL. Court case in the 17th C when there is knocking down of banks, and threats to violently beat whoever shall come hither with earth and timber to maintain the leat to Woodborough Mill
- FARTHINGS Sited within an iron age enclosure – Mick’s hedges – according to Hooper’s theory of counting species. 60s bungalow on site of one of the Sandford tenements.
- LIDAR at NYE and ROOKERY
- DRONE pic EWKS at east end of the island Moated site.
- So 200 test pits later – what have we learnt. Absence of evidence not evidence of absence – sometimes we have to dig 3 or more pits on a plot to find med pot. The historical documentation is very important in understanding what is going on. We’re not going to find lost settlements through TPs as they are targeted on tenements still in existence or shown on earlier maps. Appear to be getting a high ratio of fine to coarse wares in the medieval period. Most important lesson of all, if you don’t wear knee protectors your jeans are going to end up like this!