1. DISASTER READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
SHS CORE SUBJECT
80 HOURSE/SEMESTER
PREREQUISITE: GRADE 3 – 10 SCIENCE
Sir Dexter B. Cargullo
CHS,Tabaco City

2. This presentation contains videos. To get the actual
PowerPoint presentation, send an email to the
author.
sirdikoy@gmail.com

3. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
Hazards
PART 1

4. “are processes which involve the interaction of the
atmosphere, bodies of water, and land, and which
pose threats to lives and human property.”
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS

5. Tropical Cyclone
Tropical cyclone is defined as a non-frontal, synoptic-
scale cyclone developing over tropical and sub-tropical
waters at any level and having a definitely organized
circulation. In other parts of the world, these are referred
to as hurricanes, typhoons or simply tropical cyclones
depending on the region.

6. Tropical Cyclone
In the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and South
Pacific Ocean, they are called"hurricanes". In the bay
of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Western South Indian
Ocean, the name is"cyclonic". In the eastern part of
the Southern Indian Ocean, it is "willy-willy", and in
the Western North Pacific Ocean, they are called
"typhoons".

7. Tropical Cyclone

8. Tropical Cyclone
Classifications of TC
1. Tropical depression (wind speed up to 62 kph)
2. Tropical Strom(wind speed ranging from 63-118 kph)
3. Typhoon (wind speed greater than 118 kph)
4. Super typhoon (wind speed exceeding 220 kph)
Tropical cyclone can be distinguished according to their
maximum sustained-wing speed(over 10-minut periods)

9. FORMATION OF CYCLONE

10. FORMATION OF CYCLONE

11. Tropical Cyclone
TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE
A topical cyclone on average, has a total diameter of 550 km but
can have a diameter more than 2000 km wide.

12. Tropical Cyclone
TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE
EYE – has the lowest atmospheric pressure in the structure of a
tropical cyclone. Has a diameter which spans from 20-65 km wide,
characterized by weak winds, warm temperature and a clear sky.
EYE WALL – the region immediately surrounding the tropical
cyclone’s center which can reach as high as 15 km above sea level,
bringing strongest winds, heavy rains, and turbulence shortly after
the passage of the eye.
RAIN BANDS – the spiraling strips of clouds in the fringes of the TC
which associated with rainfall.

13. Tropical Cyclone
WHY DO TROPICAL CYCLONES FORM?
TCs form as a result of the atmosphere’s natural tendency to
maintain equilibrium by distributing heat through wind from the
equatorial regions to the polar regions.
As a result:
This mechanism prevents the tropical areas from getting excessively
hot and the polar regions from becoming extremely cold.

14. Tropical Cyclone
EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
1. Strong Winds
2. Storm Surge
3. Heavy Rains

15. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
1. Determine the areas prone to typhoon-related disaster
Certain routes can be observed to be more or lea consistently
traversed by typhoons. Observation of these typhoon tracks allow
typhoon paths to be established.
This will help in identifying priority areas for directing efforts and
resources to mitigate the hazards associated with the passage of
tropical cyclone.

16. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
1. Determine the areas prone to typhoon-related disaster

17. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
1. Determine the areas prone to typhoon-related disaster

18. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
2. Implementing legislation involving land use planning, zoning, and
building standards.
Areas which were determined to have a high risk to typhoon related
disaster (e.g. flooding, landslide, storm surges, etc.,) through the review
of historical accounts, inspection and assessment by geohazard
specialists of physical/or geological condition suggesting vulnerability,
and computer-assisted multiple-scenario typhoon simulations should
be prohibited from being further used for purposes in which safety of
the community and the preservation of the environment will be
compromised.

19. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
3. Weather forecasting and monitoring
Effective forecasting and monitoring of tropical cyclones gives ample
time for communities to prepare, secure property, and to seek refuge, if
necessary. It also gives a lead time for the different businesses involved,
for example, in agriculture, transportation, and energy generation to
make decisions and necessary arrangements to minimize the possible
losses.
*PAGASA
*Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo-Typhoon
Center of the Japan Meteorological Agency

20. Tropical Cyclone
Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon
4. Effective Public Typhoon Warning Systems
PSWS #1 – Cyclone winds of 30 – 60 km/h are expected within the next
36 hours. Its winds not expected to bring damage but may bring very
light damage.
PSWS #2 – Cyclone winds of 61 – 120 km/h are expected within the next
24 hours. Light to moderate damage.
PSWS #3 – Cyclone winds of 121 – 170 km/h are expected within the next
18 hours. Moderate to heavy damage.
PSWS #4 – Cyclone winds of 171 – 220 km/h are expected within the next
12 hours. Heavy to very heavy damage.
PSWS #5 – Cyclone winds of more than 220 km/h are expected within
the next 12 hours. Very heavy to widespread damage.

22. Tropical Cyclone
What to do BEFORE the Tropical Cyclone
1. Store an adequate supply of food and clean water
2. Prepare foods that need not be cooked.
3. Keep flashlights, candles and battery-powered radios within easy
reach.
4. Examine your house and repair its unstable parts.
5. Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
6. Harvest crops that can be yielded already.
7. Secure domesticated animals in a safe place.
8. For fisher folks, place boats in a safe area.
9. Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, first aid kit,
candles/flashlight, battery-powered radio, food, etc.

23. Tropical Cyclone
What to do DURING the Tropical Cyclone
1. Stay inside the house.
2. Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
3. If safe drinking water is not available, boil water for at least 20 minutes. Place
it in a container with cover.
4. Keep an eye on lighted candles or gas lamps.
5. Do not wade through floodwaters to avoid being electrocuted and
contracting diseases.
6. If there is a need to move to an evacuation center, follow these reminders.
7. Evacuate calmly.
8. Close the windows and turn off the main power switch.
9. Put important appliances and belongings in a high ground.
10. Avoid the way leading to the river.

24. Tropical Cyclone
What to do AFTER the Tropical Cyclone
1. If your house was destroyed, make sure that it is already safe and
stable when you enter.
2. Beware of dangerous animals such as snakes that may have entered
your house
3. Watch out for live wires or outlet immersed in water.
4. Report damaged electrical cables and fallen electric posts to the
authorities.
5. Do not let water accumulate in tires, cans or pots to avoid creating a
favorable condition for mosquito breeding.

25. Storm Surges
“a localized unusual increase of sea water level beyond
the predicted astronomical tide level primarily due to
intense winds and lowered atmospheric pressure during
the passage of an intense tropical cyclone from sea to
land.”

26. Storm Surges

27. Storm Surges
“the Philippines is very prone to storm surges because
of its location near the equator in the pacific region, and
due to its extensive coastline length.”

28. SS vs. Tsunami
Tsunami pertains to seismic sea wave. It is a succession
of water waves formed in the sea or ocean when an
immense volume of water is displaced, possibly due to:
1. Earthquakes
2. Volcanic eruption
3. Mass wasting events
4. Meteorite impacts
5. Underwater explosions

29. Storm Surges

30. Storm Surge
Potential Damage by Storm Surges
Buildings, roads, bridges, piers, and other infrastructure may not only
submerge, they can also be washed away and destroyed when a storm
surge hits an area if they are not strongly rooted on the ground

31. Storm Surge
Mitigating Potential Damage by Storm Surges
1. Storm surge prediction, hazard map preparation, and zoning.
2. Construction of storm surge barriers.
3. Wet land protection

33. Part 2 follows….