MEd. Recovery

1. WELCOME TO SEMINAR
SUBJECT : METHODOLOGY OF EDUCTIONAL RESEARCH
UNIT : METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION AND RESEARCH REPORT
TOPIC : INTERVIEW
Presented BY
DEVARAJU B N
M.Ed. I Semester
Department of Education
Kuvempu University
Observed BY
Mr. MADHU J K
Assistant professor
Department of Education
Kuvempu University

2. INDEX
Introduction
Meaning and definitions of Interview
Characteristic of Interview
Types of Interview
Tips for Effective Research Interview
Guidelines for Successful Interview
Merits of Interview
Limitations of Interview
Conclusion
Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION
Many people who perform research include
interviews in their research process. Interviews allow
researchers to gather qualitative data as well as gain insight
into the thoughts and behaviours of individuals. If you
perform research that will benefit from conducting
interviews, there are a number of interview methods you can
choose from to design the best approach for your research
and data collection.
Interview is an important data gathering
technique involving verbal communication between the
researcher and the subject. Interviews are commonly used in
survey designs and in exploratory and descriptive studies.
The quality of the data collected in an interview will depend
on both the interview design and on the skill of the
interviewer.

4. MEANING AND DEFINITIONS
The word interview comes from the Latin and
Middle French words, which means “see in” or “see
each other”. Generally, an interview means when a
question is asked and a personal meeting between
people. The person answering the question of an
interview is called an interview.
According to Witles
“face to face conversation”
According to Bingham and Moore (1924)
“Aconversation with a purpose”

5. • According to Lindzey Gardner (1968)
A two-person conversation initiated by
the interviewer for the specific purpose of
obtaining research-relevant information
and focused by him on the content
specified by the research objective of
description and explanation.
Interview refers to an exchange of ideas
among a group of two or more than two
people, where the Interviewers ask the
questions to interviewees in order to extract
the requisite data from them.

6. CHARACTERISTIC OF INTERVIEW
According to Black and Champion :
Personal communication: face to face contact,
conversational exchange and verbal interaction.
Equal status
Question are asked and responses received
verbally.
Information is recorded by the interviewer
The relationship between them is transitory
The interview is not necessarily limited to two
persons.
Flexibility in the format of the interview.

7. Face to face interaction with respondent is
possible
It is structured in nature but can be made flexible
if the respondent does not understand the question
or is not giving the complete answer.
The correspondent or the interviewer can ask
cross questions or other questions required for
obtaining the answer.
It is used in survey and participant observation
method.
 The chance of biasness is almost nil.
The data can be collected even from those who
are illiterate and unable to reply the questionnaires

8. TYPES OF INTERVIEW
Interviews can be of different types,
formal, informal, panel, or telephone. Being
prepared for an interview as a designer or
creative

9. Structured Interview: The interview in which standardised
questions are used by the interviewer, which are asked to all
the candidates. It is also known as a patterned or guided
interview.
Unstructured Interview: The unstructured interview is one
that does not follow any formal rules and procedures. The
discussion is free-flowing, and questions are made up during
the interview. unstructured interviews rely on open-ended
questions, which are questions that encourage a longer answer
than a simple “yes” or “no.”
unstructured interview is more similar to an authentic
conversation when interviewer ask structured Questions.

10. Personal interview
A personal interview takes place in person as a one-on-one
interaction between an interviewer and an interviewee.
Personal interviews are ideal if you want to speak directly to
an individual and ask questions to them. Personal interviews
are one of the most used types of interviews, where the
questions are asked personally directly to the respondent.
Usually, personal interviews have higher response rates than
other interview option. to gather a significant amount of
accurate data.

11. •Phone interview
You can also conduct interviews over the phone. Phone
interviews can be an easy way to gather responses. This
interview method is also relatively inexpensive, making it
ideal if you want to collect data quickly without expending
too many resources.
Focus group
One popular research interview method is conducting a
focus group interview, which involves a group of individuals
interviewed at the same time. Focus group moderators
usually encourage participants to interact with one another,
and they observe the group to gain insights into real attitudes
and perspectives.
Often, focus group participants respond more comfortably
and naturally, as the group setting can feel more authentic
than other interview settings.

12. Email or Web Page Interviews:
Online research is growing more and more because
consumers are migrating to a more virtual world and it is best
for each researcher to adapt to this change.
The increase in people with Internet access has made it
popular that interviews via email or web page stand out
among the types of interviews most used today. For this
nothing better than an online survey.
More and more consumers are turning to online shopping,
which is why they are a great niche to be able to carry out an
interview that will generate information for the correct
decision making. Stress Interview – Stress interviews are
conducted to discover how a candidate behaves in stressful
conditions. In this type of interview, the interviewer will
come to know whether the candidate can handle the demands
of a complex job. The candidate who maintains his
composure during a stress interview is normally the right
person to handle a stressful job.

13. Informal Interview – Such interviews are
conducted in an informal way, i.e., the interview
will be fixed without any written communication
and can be arranged at any place. There is no
procedure of asking questions in this type of
interview, hence it will be a friendly kind of
interview.
Formal Interview – A formal interview held in a
formal way, i.e., the candidate will be intimated
about the interview well in advance and the
interviewer plans and prepares questions for the
interview. This is also called as a planned
interview.

14.  Individual Interview – In an individual interview, the interview takes
place one-on-one i.e., there will be a verbal and a visual interaction
between two people, an interviewer and a candidate. This is a two-way
communication interview, which helps in finding the right candidate for
a vacant job position.
Group Interview – In this type of interview, all the candidates or a
group of candidates are interviewed together. Group interviews are
conducted to save time when there is a large number of applications for
a few job vacancies. A topic will be given to discuss among the
candidates and the interviewer judges the innovativeness and behavior
of each candidate in the group.
Depth Interview – Depth interview is a semi-structured interview, where
the candidates have to give a detailed information about their education
background, work experience, special interests, etc. And the interviewer
takes a depth interview and tries in finding the expertise of the
candidate.

15. Panel Interview
In this type of interview, there are multiple interviewers who assess the
candidate. All types of questions from expertise to future aspirations may
be covered in these interviews. These may include different professionals
from the team who assess the candidate on different grounds. The decision
in such interviews is collective. In such interviews, the candidate is keenly
observed based on their skill set and body language.
Panel Interview – Panel interview, as the name indicates, is being condbe
asking questions to the candidates on different aspects. The final decision
will be taken by all the members of the panel collectively. ucted by a
group of people. In this type of interview, three to five members of the
selection committee will Panel Interview: Panel interview is one, in which
there is a panel of interviewers, i.e. two or more interviewers, but limited
to 15. All the members of the panel are different representatives of the
company.

16. Telephonic Interview
This usually takes place with either the HR or recruitment
to assess the candidate in general. This may include asking
interview questions based on the resume, roles and
responsibilities of the job profile. In most cases, telephonic
interviews are the first and last stage of the interview.
Telephonic Interview: Telephonic interview is one that is
conducted over the telephone. It is the most economical and
less time consuming, which focuses on asking and
answering questions.
One to one Interview: The most common interview type, in
which there are only two participants – the interviewer
(usually the representative of the company) and
interviewee, taking part in the face to face discussion, in
order to transfer information.

17. 2. Face-to-Face Interview
Once the candidate’s basic profile is screened and shortlisted, it is
processed further. The candidate and interviewer meet in person to discuss
your profile. This may include the employer, someone from Human
Resources or a recruitment consultant. Based on the interview round, you
will either be assessed in general or on technical grounds.
3. Video Interview
These can be considered the substitute for the face-to-face interview since
it has a similar purpose. Video interviews happen in case of remote
positions or in situations when meeting the candidate is not possible. Video
interviewers were the most feasible type of interviews during the peak of
COVID-19.
Video Interview: An interview, in which a video conference is being
employed, to judge or evaluate the candidate. Due to its flexibility, rapidity
and inexpensiveness, it is used increasingly

18. Online interview
Online interviews are another research interview option. Online
interviews can involve surveys or video chat applications. In this
method, interviewers and interviewees don’t have to be in the same
location at the same time. This can allow you to collect data quickly
from a large group of subjects.
Mixed Interview: It is a combination of structured and unstructured
interview, wherein a blend of predetermined and spontaneous questions
are asked by the interviewer to the job seeker. It follows a realistic
approach which allows the employer to make a comparison between
answers and get in-depth insights too.
Behavioural Interview: It is concerned with a problem or a hypothetical
situation, given to the candidate with an expectation that he/she would
solve. It aims at revealing the job seeker’s ability to solve the problem
presented.
Stress Interview: The employer commonly uses stress interview for
those jobs which are more stress-prone. A number of harsh, rapid-fire
questions are put to the interviewee with intent to upset him. It seeks to
know, how the applicant will respond to pressure

19. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH INTERVIE
Make sure the research question is clear.
Develop a check list of the questions to be asked during the
interview.
Express clearly the purpose of the interview.
Start with a neutral question to facilitate free flow of
information.
Use open-ended questions so that the respondent can
choose his answer.
Limit the content of each question with a single idea to
avoid confusion.
Reduce questions that give responses of `yes’ or `no’,
because they give limited information.
Do not influence the respondent by asking leading
questions.
If you have not understood the response ask the respondent
to repeat and clarify.

20. Do not assume answers.
Do not pass judgements.
Avoid irrelevant discussions.
Keep the interview short.
At the end of the interview summarise the points reported
and ask the respondent if the summary is correct.
Practice Good Nonverbal Communication
Don’t Talk Too Much
Use Appropriate Language
Record your interviews
Use your research question as a guide

21. GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERVIEW
1. Interviewer must plan in advance and should fully know the
problem under consideration.
2. Interview must choose a suitable time and place so that the
interviewee can easily response during the interview
period.
3. Interviewer’s approach must be friendly and informal. It
helps for collection of not relevant data.
4. purpose of the interview should be explained.
5. All possible effort should be made to establish proper
rapport with the interviewee.people are motivated to
communicate when the atmosphere is favorable.

22. 6. Interviewer must know the ability to listen understanding,
respect and curiosity is the gateway to communication.
7. the interviewer must be intelligent and must be a man with
self restraint and self-discipline.
8. Interview and the questions must be well phrased in order
to have full cooperation of the interviewee.
9. the interviewer must control the course of the interview in
accordance with the objective of the study.
10. In case of big enquiries, where the task of collecting
information is to be accomplished by several interviewers,
11. there should be an interview guide to be observed by all
so as to ensure reasonable uniformity in respect of all
salient points in the study.

23. MERITS OF INTERVIEW
It is more flexible.
It is faster than other methods i.e., a quick way of
obtaining information.
 It Is cost per response is relatively low.
Recall is easy, callbacks are simple and economical.
There is a higher rate of response in interview and non-
response is generally very low.
 Replies can be recorded without causing embarrassment to
respondents.
 Interviewer can explain requirements more easily.
No field staff is required.
 Representative and wider distribution of sample is
possible.

24. Quick information
Proper interpretation is Possible
Checking validity
 Exercising control on the context of questions
and answers is possible.
 The response rate is high
 In-depth probing is possible
 respondent's confidence can be sought through
personal rapport
 Interviewer can explain difficult terms and
remove confusion and misunderstandings

25.  Administration is easy because respondants are not
required to be educated or handle long questionnaires
 Interviewer gets opportunity to observe
respondants’ non-verbal behaviours.
 Since all questions asked by the interviewers are
answered by the respondants, completeness of
the interview is guaranteed.
Participants can interact from the comfort of their home
Save time for both interviewer and respondent
Can generate more truthful responses as respondents
are more comfortable and less nervous than in an in-
person interview

26.  Allows the researcher to obtain original and unique data
directly from a source based on the study’s requirements
 Structured interviews can reach a large section of the
target population
 Allows samples to be controlled
 Easy to carry out and obtain reliable results quickly

27. LIMITATIONS
 The interviewees can hide information or
give wrong information because of fear of
identity.
 Interviews are more costly and time-
consuming than questionnaires.
 The nature and extent of responses
demands upon interviewee’s mood. If he
is tired, he will be distracted. If he is in
hurry, he will try to dispose off the
interviewer quickly.

28. Surveys are restricted to respondents who have telephone facilities.
Extensive geographical coverage may get restricted by cost considerations.
It is not suitable for intensive surveys where comprehensive answers are
required to various questions.
Possibility of the bias of the interviewer is relatively more.

29. There could be variability in responses with
different interviewers, particularly when
interview is unstructured.
The interviewer may record the responses
differently, depending upon his own
interpretations sometimes.
 It offers less anonymity than other methods.
 It is less effective for sensitive questions.

30. Bibliography
• C R Kothari(2004) Research Methodology (methods and
Technique)New age International publisher, New Delhi
110002.
• Lokesh Koul(2013) methodology of Educational
research, : Sultan Chand & Company, Noida 201301,Uttar
Pradesh (India)
• http://studyandexam.com
• http://bedstudymat.com
• http://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in
• http://edugyan.in
• http://Anyfilp.com
• http://Search gate.com

31. Thank you