Presentation by Hélène Boisgontier, Deltares, at the wflow - User Day (Developments in distributed hydrological modelling), during Delft Software Days - Edition 2019. Friday, 08 November 2019, Delft.

1. D e l t a r e s – D S D - I N T - 2 0 1 9 – w f l o w u s e r d a y
Emission and water quality modelling with wflow
and D-Water Quality of Delft3D FM Suite
Hélène Boisgontier

2. Contents
• Why model water quality issues?
• Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• Examples of related projects
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3. Water quality issues: why do we need models
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4. Water quality issues: why do we need models
Water quality indicators of importance
• Oxygen: Total Organic Carbon, Biological oxygen demand,
Chemical oxygen demand
• Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus
• Bacteria: E.Coli / Total Coli
• Turbidity: Sediment
• Toxic for aquatic life: Medicine, Plastics, Heavy metals, Toxins
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5. Water quality issues: why do we need models
“An emission model supplies the quantity of pollutants released in the environment”
Often in water quality modelling, the amount of pollutants are estimated once and are stationary used. Thereby they are not
subject to change, for example by population increase. This limits the useability of policy scenario’s.
Modelling then offers the possibility to:
• Better understand the system and pollution sources
• Make predictions and scenarios
• Evaluate the impact of different policies
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6. Contents
• Why model water quality issues?
• Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• Examples of related projects
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7. Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• Integrated inland water quality modelling at Deltares is modelled using two components of the Delft3D FM Suite:
• D-Water Quality (DELWAQ) for fate and transport of pollutants
• D-Emissions module for the generation of pollutants
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8. Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• D-Emissions is a tool to assess the quantity and spatial distribution of the emitted substances in a catchment.
• It is source oriented and therefore provides predictive power and allows for what-if scenarios.
• It is based on EU guidance.
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9. Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• One of the main drivers of emission, fate and transport of pollutants through the landscape and water network is the water
movements through a catchment coming from hydrologic, hydraulic processes.
• In order to build and use an emission/water quality model, the hydrology is therefore also needed:
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wflow
DELWAQ

10. Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• The hydrologic wflow_sbm model is now linked to D-Emissions and D-Water Quality using a coupling script that:
• Translates wflow schematization to D-Water Quality schematization
• Prepares dynamic inputs needed for water quality modelling (different water fluxes and volumes, emission factors)
• Is flexible enough to enable different types of pollutants emissions modelling
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Hydrologic model Water quality model
wflow_sbm D-Emissions
D-Water Quality
coupling
wflow_emwaq

11. Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• The hydrologic wflow_sbm model is now linked to D-Emissions and D-Water Quality using a coupling script that:
• Translates wflow schematization to D-Water Quality schematization
• Prepares dynamic inputs needed for water quality modelling (different water fluxes and volumes, emission factors)
• Is flexible enough to enable different types of pollutants emissions modelling
Deltares–DSD-INT-2019–wflowuserday
11Overview of the schematization of a D-Emissions
model for nutrients

12. Contents
• Why model water quality issues?
• Modelling inland water quality and emissions
• Examples of related projects
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13. Project examples: Jakarta bay
Water quality fate and transport model
• Study performed for “PusAir” (Indonesia's governmental agency concerned with water quality).
• Focus: What are the most important polluters in regards to nutrients, BOD, COD, Coliform bacteria and heavy metals?
• Case study : Jakarta bay, Indonesia
• Hydrologic model: SOBEK
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14. Project examples: Jakarta bay
Deltares–DSD-INT-2019–wflowuserday
14Urea / defecation
Total nitrogen
Compartmental distribution
of emission
100% distributed to
Unpaved areas
Emission of
substance
Indicative locator

15. Project examples: Jakarta bay
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15Source: H2I report D-Emissions module Marina Bay

16. Project examples: Tire road wear
Tire road wear fate and transport model
• Study performed for “the European Tire and Rubber Manufacturing's Association” (ETRMA).
• Focus: What is the portion of Tire road wear particles exported to the Estuaries?
• Case study : Seine river , France & Scheldt river, Belgium
• Hydrologic model: E-HYPE and upcoming with wflow
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Tire road wear particles:
The wear of tires during driving with your vehicle generates microparticles that are largely
polymer based. These particles aggregate with road particles while being emitted to the
environment.

17. Project examples: Tire road wear
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Example of spatial distribution of Tire Road Wear generation
based on roadmaps. Note : In the equation population density
was also included.

18. Project examples: Tire road wear
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Source: Unice et al., 2019
Per sub-catchment the D-Emissions module resolves the load attributed to the
different compartments, in this case Soil.

19. Project examples: Tire road wear
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
TRWP(µg/Lastread) Daily Average
Annual Average
Source: Unice et al., 2019
This figure shows the effect of rainfall on load distribution to surface water

20. Project examples: SOLUTIONS
Water quality fate and transport model for Europe
• Study performed for the European FP7 SOLUTIONS project (40 partners)
• Focus: Mankind produces more and more chemicals (> 106), how to manage them, in relation to water systems (human
health and ecosystem risks)?
Can we predict the risks associated with new chemicals at an early stage? Particularly relevant for “data poor”
substances.
• Case study : Europe
• Hydrologic model: E-HYPE
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21. Project examples: SOLUTIONS
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Average dissolved concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane (CAS 107-06-2)

22. Project examples: SOLUTIONS
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Average dissolved concentrations of trifluralin (CAS 1582-09-8)

23. Project examples: SOLUTIONS
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0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08
msPAFEC50-P99
Human Impact &Water AvailabilityIndicator
Best available approach:
• state-of-the-art modelling of
emissions, fate & transport, mixture
effects, expressed
as toxic stress on ecosystems (van
Gils et al. submitted)
• 10,500 water bodies in Europe
• 1,785 chemicals
X-axis:
simple conservative tracer (HIWAI; dependent on
population, GDP-PPP, hydrology)
Y-axis:
best available explicitly simulated
toxic stress on ecosystems
dashed line:
worst case estimate: extrapolate globally

24. Project examples: Global Water Quality modelling
Test cases of global modelling of pressure from chemicals
• Study performed for the World Water Quality Alliance (WWQA)
• Focus: Using a simplified approach based on SOLUTIONS’ results to estimate globally the ‘’worst case toxic pressure’’
from population and GDP-PPP maps
• Case study : Global (one test case per continent)
• Hydrologic model: wflow
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25. Project examples: Global Water Quality modelling (preliminary results)
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26. Project examples: Global Water Quality modelling (preliminary results)
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS

27. Project examples: Global Water Quality modelling (preliminary results)
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS

28. Project examples: National modelling of plastics leaking to the sea
National assessment of plastics leakages to the sea in Indonesia
• Study performed for the World Bank
• Focus: Estimating the quantity of mismanaged plastics waste released to the coast in Indonesia
• Case study : Indonesia
• Hydrologic model: wflow
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29. terug 
sluiten 
D e l t a r e s – D S D - I N T - 2 0 1 9 – w f l o w u s e r d a y
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Thank you for your attention