Masters thesis - Urban renewal of Historic core- Case of Varanasi (Ongoing).pdf

Masters thesis - Urban renewal of Historic core- Case of Varanasi (Ongoing).pdf
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash THESIS Presented by: Deep Prakash- 21AR60R47 MCP- 2nd year 2022-23 Master of City Planning Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities: A Case of Varanasi Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 “Varanasi is older than history, older than tradition, even older than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together.” – Mark Twain 1 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 2 Historic Indian cities have a unique built and cultural heritage which has always attracted millions of tourists and has also been one of the prime sources of economic activities. But the condition of historic core city areas and heritage precincts over the years has been degrading consistently. Not only are the conditions of heritage structures detoriating but the quality of living environment and infrastructure in the core districts have succumbed to rapid urbanization. Today rapidly developing cities hence have a major challenge of building sustainable development practices that integrates their cultural heritage and future aspirations. It is imperative to link cultural heritage, city development planning and local economy development together for inclusive development. Why Renewal? Project Introduction The sacred Ganges, concatenate 6.8 km riverfront Ghats, innumerous temples and inland water bodies (kund) - are all part of the cities heritage glory and form major parts of core city area. These landmarks not only attract lakhs of tourists, but most importantly are an integral part of local community fabric. Uncontrolled growth, coupled with poor governance and lack of awareness has resulted in utter neglect and degradation of the historic sites and core city. Due to detoriating quality of neighborhood there has been a shift of residential preference from core city areas to the periphery. In the process majority of historic precincts have been occupied and encroached by poor communities and older city areas have also turned into hubs of poverty. The city illumines truth and reveals reality. “It does not bring new wonders into the scope of vision, but enables one to see what is already there. Where this eternal light intersects the earth, it is known as kashi.” — Diana L. Eck / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATION Issues VARANASI 3 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATION Issues and challenges related to heritage management in varanasi Issues related to built heritage stock ➢ With just over three thousand and five hundred heritage footprints, Varanasi is probably the largest accumulation of built stock in any living city in the world. ➢ But over the years the pristine temples, mythical Ghats, river side palaces, old havellies, crescent Kunds and colonial buildings is been in a state of decay. Source- Praharaj, Sarbeswar. (2014). Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities: A Case of Varanasi. VARANASI 4 Degrading housing environment in heritage zones ➢ Due to utter negligence and little efforts to protect areal uniqueness in the heritage precincts, quality of living environment in heritage areas of Varanasi has dilapidated considerably. / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATION Issues and challenges related to heritage management in varanasi Sanitation management issues in heritage zones ➢ Several types of religious ceremonies are performed at these Ghats and these ceremonies generate variety of wastes amounting to near-about 4.2 MT/Day flower waste generation. A city which is already struggling to manage household waste is no position of fixing the issues regarding this phenomenon. This has resulted in open dumping in heritage precincts and river Ganges, shaping highly polluted heritage zones. Varanasi has a poor tradition of open defecation around critical environmental system and heritage areas. VARANASI 5 Lack of awareness and respect to Culture and Heritage ➢ Heritage conservation and management often depends on the level of awareness of people and their level of respect towards their own heritage assets and culture. In case of Varanasi there is clear deficiency in both of the above mentioned aspects. Washing of cloths in the holy river, Ghats, and sacred Kunds by people. Throwing of various types of solid waste into river, open defecation, etc is part and parcel of living in Varanasi. Feeble Institutional framework for heritage management and promotion ➢ Municipal Corporation, VUDA and INTACH all has separate list of heritage structures and monuments but they has never converged into a single comprehensive list. What these mean is that there is clear lack of linkage between various institutions and technical expertise on issues related to heritage conservation and management which is the need of the hour. / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 EFFECTIVE INTERPRETATION Impact of heritage in local economy of varanasi The city economy of Varanasi is heavily dependent of tangible and intangible heritage resources of the city. Chunk of employment generation is a tribute to huge attraction of the built heritage monuments of the city resulting large tourist arrival every year into the holy city. Also the weaving and spinning on of the rich tradition of Varanasi accounts for one of the largest industrial employment generating sector. The tally of domestic and international tourist inflow is increasing at a steady pace resulting in greater impact on fluidity of local economy. Interesting fact is that post the year 2005 the influx has increased rapidly for both domestic and international tourism inflow giving local economy huge boost. Among important tourist attractions Dasaswamedh Ghat area attracts maximum tourists visiting Varanasi followed by Durga temple and Bharatmata temple. Ramnagar fort, BHU etc also shoes very tourist influx. Tourism and its multiplier effect in economy of Varanasi Around 11% of the total population is engaged across different manufacturing activities whereas the tertiary sector accounts for 6.80%. The small scale and household industrial sector is better developed employing majority of industrial workers and commuters. These industries mostly include spinning and weaving, followed by textiles, hosiery etc. Spinning and weaving is the oldest and most important household industry employing more than half of the industrial workers. Employment generation in Weaving and Craft sector Annual tourist arrival in Varanasi Classification of Industrial Workers, VMC-2001 VARANASI 6 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 AIM 01 ❏ To understand and analyze the problems and potentials of present old city heritage and to provide policies and planning measures for future growth, preserving the traditional identity. ❏ To promote traditional skills and tourism in the area and improving the living condition of local community by creating revenue generating opportunities. OBJECTIVES 02 ❏ To delineate the current old heritage area in the old city of Varanasi. ❏ To study the built characteristics of the old city and its impact upon land use, transportation, architectural character, economic condition and social division of people. ❏ To suggest suitable policies and regulations for revitalization of the old city by focusing on infrastructure planning, heritage conservation, tourism and urban design. Synopsis VARANASI SCOPE 03 ❏ Suggesting suitable guidelines with respect to physical and economic development of the old city area. ❏ Formulating policies strategies for upliftment of the local heritage by identifying the economic potential of the heritage area. ❏ Detail study and action area plan for a selected study areas inside the old city. LIMITATIONS 04 ❏ Proposals will be limited to the old area of the city demarcated by the development authority. ❏ Planning measures will be provided under the norms and regulation of the concerned urban authority. 7 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Methodology Introduction to the Study area Forming Aims and Objectives Scope and Limitations Problem Identification Existing scenario Study and Surveys Literature study Data collection Primary data Secondary data Definitions Concepts Case studies Different approaches Survey methods Process of transformation Demography, Physical, Social, Economic, Transportation, Infrastructure, Activities, Administration Base map Land-use map Schemes & proposals Organizational setup Data analysis Identifications of problems and major issues Final proposals and planning guidelines VARANASI 8 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 References VARANASI ➢ [1] Eck, D. L. Banaras. The City of Light. New Delhi: Penguin India, 1983. ➢ [2] Licciardi, G., & Amirtahmasebi, R. The Economic of Uniqueness. Washington D C: The World Bank, 2012. ➢ [3] Pal, N. Recent Population Changes and Development Strategies in Varanasi. Varanasi: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in Geography, BHU, Varanasi, 2011. ➢ [4] Singh, R. P. Banaras: Making of India's heritage city. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. ➢ [5] Singh, R. P.Varanasi: The Eternal City of India. In R. Misra, Million Cities of India, Varanasi, 2012 (pp. 1-26) 9 / 9
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Thank You
Literature Review
Sustainable urban renewal of historic core: Case of Varanasi Literature review Presented by: Deep Prakash- 21AR60R47 MCP- 2nd year 2022-23
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 2/40 01 02 Table of contents Synopsis Literature study ❖ Urban Renewal — Definition ❖ Understanding Urban Renewal ❖ Indian interpretation ❖ Evolution of Urban Renewal ❖ Dimensions Of Urban Renewal ❖ Why Urban Renewal? ❖ Paradigm Shifts ❖ Impact on Economy ❖ Where Urban Renewal Is Required? ❖ Exploring The Concept Of Urban Renewal In The Indian Context ❖ Sustainable Development Of Heritage City ❖ Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities: A Case of Varanasi ❖ District Development Plan - Varanasi ❖ Varanasi Smart City: Projects Overview 03 Papers & Books 04 Case Studies ❖ Case Study - 1: Nanded ❖ Case Study - 2: Aker Brygge, Oslo ❖ Case Study - 3: Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam 05 Methodology & Survey Procedure
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanai MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 AIM 01 ❏ To understand and analyze the problems and potentials of present old city heritage and to provide policies and planning measures for future growth, preserving the traditional identity and improving the living condition of local community by creating revenue generating opportunities. OBJECTIVES 02 1. To delineate & earmark the current old heritage area in the city of Varanasi. 2. To study the built characteristics of the old city and its impact upon land use, urban design features & architectural character along with economic condition and social classification of dwellers. 3. To suggest suitable policies and regulations to revitalize the old city by focusing on the outputs of the objective 2 for optimal infrastructure planning and good heritage conservation & appropriate tourism. Synopsis VARANASI SCOPE 03 ❏ Suggesting suitable guidelines with respect to physical and economic development of the old city area. ❏ Formulating policies strategies for upliftment of the local heritage by identifying the economic potential of the heritage area. ❏ Detail study and action area plan for a selected study areas inside the old city. LIMITATIONS 04 ❏ Proposals will be limited to the old area of the city demarcated by the development authority. ❏ Planning measures will be provided under the norms and regulation of the concerned urban authority. 3/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 ‘Urban renewal can be defined as a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change Urban Renewal — Definition Urban Renewal Roberts and Sykes (2000) 4/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 1. The term Urban renewal means rebirth or regeneration of a city or a part of it which has been plagued by the ills of urbanization 2. The planning concept originated in England and America in 1930's 3. Decayed parts of the city were demolished and rebuilt. 4. Initially referred to slum clearance and housing but has gradually evolved into a multidimensional concept. 5. These programs were thrust upon the city and its people and were criticized and halted on opposition by organized community movements. 6. The urban renewal programs taken up later, involved greater participation of the communities. 5/40 Understanding Urban Renewal Source: The Federal Bulldozer: A Critical Analysis of Urban Renewal: 1949–1962, MIT Press, Cambridge.
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 8/40 DIMENSIONS OF URBAN RENEWAL Cultural renewal Environmental renewal Economic renewal Social renewal Physical renewal URBAN RENEWAL Physical renewal leads to improvement of urban fabric; Social renewal leads to improvement of community and housing; Cultural renewal promotes enhancement of culture and traditions Economic renewal leads to new generation of employment and revenue Environmental renewal leads to minimizing ecological imbalances in urban environment Source: Urban regeneration: a handbook, Amazon publication, United Kingdom
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 7/40 Evolution of Urban Renewal Community based action and greater empowerment Community self help with very selective state support, High rise housing for displaced citizens Became centers of social ills Reconstruction and extension of older areas of towns and cities often based on a Master Plan, Suburban growth National and local government private sector deveIopers Local and site level Pubic sector investment with some private sector involvement Improvement and housing and living standards Continuation with some early attempts of rehabilitation Move towards a greater balance between public and private sectors Regional level and activity emerged Private investment Social and welfare improvement 1950’s 1960’s Focus on institutional & neighborhood schemes in continuation to development of peripheries Growing role of private sector and decentralization of local government Local emphasis Economic renewal Resource constraints in public sector and growth of private investment 1970’s Many major schemes of development and redevelopment projects Emphasis on private sector and special agencies, growth of partnership Site level Private sector dominant with selective public funds 1980’s Key actors & Stakeholders Spatial activity level Economic focus Social Context Major strategy & Orientation Emphasis on the role of community Move towards a more comprehensive form of policy and practice more emphasis on integrated treatments Devolution of power to the local authorities. Community empowerment Strategic perspective, growth of regional activity Greater balance public, private and voluntary funding 1990’s Emergence of new social organization, community participation Focus on urban living quality Public private partnership, Governments, semi public City and regional level Private sector taxation 1990’s to date Policy Type Period Environmental improvement with some innovation Growth of concern for wider approach to environment Replacement of inner areas and peripheral development Gentrification in UK Landscaping and some greenery Rehabilitation of existing areas Selective improvements More extensive renewal of older urban areas Major schemes or replacement and new development Physical Context Environmental approach Introduction of broader idea of environmental sustainability Heritage and retention Environmental sustainability impact assessments. Revitalization, comprehensive renewal Source: Urban regeneration: a handbook, Amazon publication, United Kingdom
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 6/40 Conceptual Framework of Urban Renewal: Indian interpretation Source: Exploring The Concept Of Urban Renewal In The Indian Context
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 9/40 Why Urban Renewal? The triggers:- ❖ Effective functioning of Administrative towns - ( state HQ, District HQ) ❖ To accommodate an event of magnitude. - (Asian games, Common wealth games, Tri Centenary Celebrations of consecration of the Guru Granth Sahib at Nanded) ❖ Necessity due to natural /man-made calamity - (Earthquake in Bhuj, Plague in Surat) ❖ Obsolescence of land uses - (Shifting of manufacturing industries ) ❖ Market driven change of land use - (Commercialization of Girgaum, Parel areas of Mumbai) ❖ To conserve historic monuments/ environment. -( Areas around the Taj Mahal precinct) ❖ Lack of modern facilities Source: Urban regeneration: a handbook, Amazon publication, United Kingdom
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 10/40 Paradigm Shifts: Concept of Urban Renewal in Developed and Developing Nations Indian cities in history emerged with two primary characteristics first - a high density of population concentrated within a limited space and second a predominantly nonagricultural, particularly non-cultivating occupation of these people. (Amos and Hawley, 1971) Source: Urban Regeneration in Europe, Blackwell, London
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 How does Urban Renewal strengthen a city’s economy? Public investment Improve streets, utilities. transit lines, parks, provide technical or financial assistance 3 Blighted conditions Inadequate infrastructure. Dilapidated buildings, environmental contamination, etc. 4 Private investment New buildings and businesses, renovation of existing buildings 1 Improved conditions Less costly to develop. stronger economy, better amenities, enhanced appeal 2 11/40 Source: Evaluation of Investor Behavior in Urban Regeneration, Urban Studies
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 12/40 Urban renewal is required for ❖ Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city, not providing the city its full potential and becoming a health hazard ❖ ln built form it consists of old area of the city, congested area around transit points, illegal settlements needing redevelopment ❖ In terms of infrastructure - measures for efficient and smooth movement of traffic, improvement of transportation network, provision /improvement of utilities. Where Urban Renewal Is Required? Source: Urban Society, An ecological approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York
Journal papers, books, govt reports, monographs, state planning board reports
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 14/40 ITPI JOURNAL Exploring The Concept Of Urban Renewal In The Indian Context - For the success of any planning, diagnosis and measurement of urban health is a prerequisite. - There is a need to establish causal relationship and correlation between the five dimensions of urban renewal. - This can be achieved by further breaking up each dimension in the form of indicators which can be measured and scaled quantitatively as well as qualitatively. - The concept of renewal was restricted to conservation of heritage sites in early master plan of metro cities. No specific efforts were made for development of heritage zones. Key Takeaways
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 3rd International Conference On Sustainable Innovative Techniques In Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (SITACEE - 2014) Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities: A Case of Varanasi Key Takeaways 16/40 - The riverfront heritage covers the portion of the city stretching within 200 m from the river bank. - Eighty-four riverfront Ghats cover a length of 6.8 km along the crescent-shaped bank of the River Ganga - Although various literature states that there was about 150 water bodies existed in the past but currently there do about 25-30 major water Kunds/Talav exist in the city. - In the city alone, there are over 3300 Hindu shrines and temples, about 1388 Muslim shrines and mosques, 12 churches, 3 Jain temples, 9 Buddhist temples, 3 Sikh temples (gurudvaras) and several other sacred sites and places.
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Indian Institute of Management ,Lucknow District Development Plan - Varanasi Key Takeaways 17/40 - Consumer Education pertaining to handloom and silk mark need to be campaigned, especially to tourists - Transformation of Trade Facilitation Centre into a Fund raising model - Acquainting tourists about the timings and route so as to avoid congestion - Campaigning about the places of Heritage found in the region - Introduction of a private player who can induce the fishing community to the best practices - Promote RAS technology to lower dependence on import and conserve water
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Varanasi Smart City Projects Overview Key Takeaways 18/40 - From the vision – “Six Key Pillars” of Varanasi’s future were formulated in smart city proposal. These six pillars are - ● Suramya Kashi │Area Based Development│INR 572.14 Cr. ● Nirmal Kashi │Area Based Development│INR 241.08 Cr. ● Surakshit Kashi │Area Based Development│INR 15.81 Cr. ● Samunnat Kashi │Area Based Development│INR 1209.84 Cr. ● Ekikrit Kashi │ Pan-City Initiative │INR 572.14 Cr. ● Sanyojit │Pan-City Initiative │INR 737.39 Cr. ➔ Architectural restoration of Ghats and façade of the structures facing the Ghats ➔ Dismantling of incoherent material finishes. ➔ Provision of dustbins, benches and drinking water kiosks ➔ Installation of signage’s for better way-finding and connectivity. ➔ Installation of traditional bamboo umbrellas for priests ➔ Installation of bamboo canopies for the vendors on the Ghats ➔ Stone takhat on the ghats
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi Sustainable Development Of Heritage City Key Takeaways 15/40 - ‘Education and research’ is the first priority by International Tourists, and ‘pilgrimage/spiritual tour’ is the main reason that attracts maximum percentage of domestic tourists. - The total waste generated in the city is to the tune of 600 MT of at the rate of 0.46 Kg per capita per day. A total of 2100 workers are associated with waste management where 4200 are required. - The tangible heritage includes the 84 ghats, more than 3500 temples and mosques, Sarnath and Banaras Hindu University. The intangible heritage includes the natural landscapes, and the cultural heritage in form of musicians, dancers and writers. - Assi Nala contributes 10 MLD of untreated sewage into River Ganga. Varuna receives sewage from 22 municipal drains located on both side of the river in addition to agricultural run-off at some selected points
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 SWOT VARANASI 20/40 Weakness • The city has a huge potential to grow as a major tourist destination and trade center to cater the needs of surrounding areas. • The promotion in tourism can help the city to generate the revenue as well as to support the city’s economic profile • Rate of population is high leading to growth in slums. • Threat to ghats due to changing course of river Ganga • Deterioration of heritage due to lack of maintenance. • The city has a huge gap in infrastructure facilities to cater to the needs of the city. • The city lacks basic infrastructure mainly in urban transport and management. • The strength of the city are in form of heritage, tourism and related activities.. Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Weakness Opportunity
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Tools/ Approaches The repair and improvement of existing structurally sound property Slum Clearance Demolition of dilapidated dwellings located in a slum Redevelopment The demolition of an existing building and its replacement by a new building Rehabilitation Housing Improvement Improvements of dwellings by provision of essential basic amenities Main emphasis is to improve environmental conditions Environmental Improvements Economic Renewal Improvement of economic conditions of dwellers 21/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY - 1 NANDED 22/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY NANDED About Nanded city ➢ Nanded is a vibrant city with a 7-century history. ➢ Tenth largest city in the state, Maharashtra, with 5.5 lakh people (2011 census). ➢ The city and its nearby vicinity are known for its socio-cultural uniqueness and are home to the river Godavari and various religious monuments. ➢ The Sachkhand Gurudwara is one of the five Takhats of the Sikh religion. ➢ Shri Guru Gobind Singh, the last living Sikh Guru, consecrated the Holy Granth Sahib as the immortal Guru of Sikhism in Nanded on October 28, 1708, before departing for heaven on October 30, 1708. ➢ The consecration is called Gur ta Gaddi (Throne of the Guru). 23/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY NANDED JNNURM: the urban renewal program ➢ Nanded is a vibrant city with a 7-century history. ➢ Due to its religious significance, Nanded was included in the 60 cities selected for the urban renewal program launched by the Government of India in December 2005, the Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). ➢ Key projects were identified in each city to achieve this. ➢ The two significant initiatives at Nanded were- ○ l. Godavari Riverfront development ○ 2. Improvement of Movement networks 24/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY NANDED A master plan for the 5km long riverfront within city limits (an area of 500 hectares), with detailed design and execution in phases. 26/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY NANDED 25/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY NANDED The riverfront also presented significant challenges in the form of steep gradients along banks, annual floods resulting in change of landform, Untreated sewerage drains flowing in the river, occupancy of flood plain by slum settlements and cremation activity along the banks. The master plan addressed the renewal program with the objective of improving the environmental quality and public realm of the river, thereby giving back to the city its valuable asset. 27/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Zone N3 was the focus area of the north bank, with significant; religious structures. The bank, though stable in a flood prone area, was not people friendly. Overgrown plantation, polluted natural storm water drains flowing in, waste being dumped randomly made them a barrier between the city and river. To connect the city to the river, a total of nine 'ghats' (steps leading to water) were proposed at key points. The 'ghats‘ culminated at the continuous promenade along the river, which had steps leading further into a submerged bathing platform for devotees stepping in the river. This also facilitated the large number of ‘Sikh pilgrims' taking the 'holy dip' during important festivals annually and for the 2008 event. The area other than the 'ghats' was planned as natural gradients, stabilized and planted with native species. This achieved the required balance for the skyline. 28/40 Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
CASE STUDY Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Before After 29/40 NANDED (Zone N3): Before & After Source: A Case Study Of Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded city
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY - 2 Aker Brygge, Oslo 30/40 Source: Sverre Bjerkeset & Jonny Aspen (2017) Private-public space in a Nordic context: the Tjuvholmen waterfront development in Oslo, Journal of Urban Design
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Introduction ➢ The project, much of which features pedestrian malls to give full access to the water, extends along Oslo Bay. It is centred on two major public developments: ○ a wide (12 metre) riverfront promenade, lined with cafés and restaurants ○ a vast public plaza with views of the old dock, the port of Oslo and the bay. ➢ This competition produced some general development principles for the site: ○ mixed uses (including housing), ○ respect for the existing urban fabric, ○ strong links between the city, wharves and the bay, ○ architectural integration with nearby landmarks ○ public access to the shoreline, etc. 31/40 Source: Sverre Bjerkeset & Jonny Aspen (2017) Private-public space in a Nordic context: the Tjuvholmen waterfront development in Oslo, Journal of Urban Design
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Implementation ➢ One key condition in rehabilitating the former shipyard was the fact that the national government took charge of burying the expressway that cut the city off from the bay and caused major traffic jams in the area. Once the work to overcome this isolation was underway, it was possible to start planning the redevelopment of the former shipyard. ➢ Visual and physical access to the water are also assured by the many pedestrian malls throughout the project. Wide avenues planted with trees, small shopping streets, paved lanes and indoor shopping promenades provide a huge variety of routes leading to the central plaza, which in turn offers many views of the bay. Breen/Rigby (Ann Breen, The New Waterfront). 32/40 Source: Sverre Bjerkeset & Jonny Aspen (2017) Private-public space in a Nordic context: the Tjuvholmen waterfront development in Oslo, Journal of Urban Design
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Phase III (1989-1990) Finally, phase III (1989-1990) is a multifunctional complex with street-level stores and restaurants, some offices and 120 apartments. From an architectural point of view, Aker Brygge offers a daring variety of building shapes, styles and colours, giving the whole project a definitely contemporary Phase I (1985-1986) Phase I of Aker Brygge (1985-1986) consists of three main buildings (two former warehouses and a new building), used for housing, offices, a theatre and a drama school. Phase II (1986-1989) Phase II (1986-1989), for its part, includes a vast marina and four buildings set around the edges of the riverfront promenade and the plaza. There are restaurants, cafés, many storeys of offices, apartments, a daycare centre, a medical clinic, an art gallery, two movie theatres and a theatre with seating for 645. The waterfront façade of Phase II, the Aker Brygge cultural centre. The waterfront façade of the Dokkbygget housing project. Implementation in Phases 33/40 Source: Sverre Bjerkeset & Jonny Aspen (2017) Private-public space in a Nordic context: the Tjuvholmen waterfront development in Oslo, Journal of Urban Design
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 CASE STUDY - 3 Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam 34/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Introduction ➢ The Kop van Zuid development, set on a 125-ha site, is intended to transform a series of run-down docks into an extension of central Rotterdam, give it an authentically urban character and its own architecture. ➢ The success of the undertaking depends greatly on establishing a relationship between the area and the rest of the city, a feat made possible by building new streets linking the project with the surrounding neighbourhoods, a new metro station (Wilhelminaplein) and a suspended bridge across the Meuse. ➢ The 802-metre Erasmus Bridge, inaugurated in 1996, is a vital element in the communications infrastructure linking Kop van Zuid with central Rotterdam and a symbol of the local renaissance. 35/40 Source: Urban Redevelopment/Rejuvenation Case Study - Kop Van Zuid
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Entrepot Landtong Stadstuinen Parkstad Zuidkade Wilhelmina Pier The Kop van Zuid project is divided into six sub-sectors: 36/40 Source: Urban Redevelopment/Rejuvenation Case Study - Kop Van Zuid
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 37/40 Source: Urban Redevelopment/Rejuvenation Case Study - Kop Van Zuid
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Methodology Introduction to the Study area Forming Aims and Objectives Scope and Limitations Problem Identification Existing scenario Study and Surveys Literature study Data collection Primary data Secondary data Definitions Concepts Case studies Different approaches Survey methods Process of transformation Demography, Physical, Social, Economic, Transportation, Infrastructure, Activities, Administration Base map Land-use map Schemes & proposals Organizational setup Data analysis Identifications of problems and major issues Final proposals and planning guidelines VARANASI 38/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Methodology & Survey procedure VARANASI Data collection & Survey ● Historical Background & chronology ● Demography & Economic base ● Physical Infrastructure ● Land use ● Ownership pattern ● Height of structures ● Age of structures ● State of preservation ● Level of significance ● Community structure ● Built/open spaces, activity pattern ● Movement pattern ● Streetscape ● Built and Natural Heritage Assets -Tangible -Intangible ● People's Perception ● Organizational framework ● Statutory and Legal provisions ● Institutional Set- Up and management ● Financial Arrangements ● Stakeholder (formal & Informal) ● Tourism status ● Ongoing / Completed Projects Survey Formats Primary Survey ● Household Survey ● Inventory of Heritage Buildings ● Expert opinion ● People's perception Secondary Survey ● Literature survey, ● Maps and Reports ● lntemet resources 39/40 Places to Visit ● Varanasi Nagar Nigam ● Varanasi Development Authority ● Pollution Control Board in Varanasi ● Indian Council for Cultural Relations
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Methodology & Survey procedure VARANASI Analysis Identification of the Action Areas Chronology study of the historic area Identification of heritage structures and delineation of the heritage zone Urban morphology Streetscape Inventory of heritage resources and evaluation of potential People's perception Tourism status Organizational framework & Identification of stakeholders Proposal & Guidelines Overall Proposals Evolve criteria for grading Formulation of conservation Measures Urban Design & conservation guidelines Proposals for mobility improvement Strategies for tourism development Management framework Implementing agency Financial resources Conservation measures, urban design guidelines Proposals for selected action areas 40/40
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 References VARANASI 40/40 [1] Eck, D. L. Banaras. The City of Light. New Delhi: Penguin India, 1983. [2] Licciardi, G., & Amirtahmasebi, R. The Economic of Uniqueness. Washington D C: The World Bank, 2012. [3] Pal, N. Recent Population Changes and Development Strategies in Varanasi. Varanasi: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in Geography, BHU, Varanasi, 2011. [4] Singh, R. P. Banaras: Making of India's heritage city. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. [5] Singh, R. P.Varanasi: The Eternal City of India. In R. Misra, Million Cities of India, Varanasi, 2012 (pp. 1-26) [6] Raj, D., & Singh, B. P. (2018). Demographic and Socio-economic profile of labourers in construction industry of Varanasi CITY (INDIA). Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability, 7(1), 151-159. doi:10.18576/jsap/070114, Retrieved from (PDF) Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of Labourers in Construction Industry of Varanasi City (India) [7] Bhatt, T. (2021, August 14). The temples & Ghats of Varanasi. Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://speakarch.com/varanasi/ [8] ERail, I. (2018, April 12). Varanasi junction railway station. Retrieved August 17, 2021, Retrieved from https://erail.in/info/varanasi-railway-station-BSB/21114 [9] Development of Inter-Modal Station, V. (2018). Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for development of Inter-Modal Station Varanasi. Varanasi: PwC. Retrieved from http://www.environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=ItInwPEGC7gQOJ3eL7EaYhbv6uJGsMEjcebZM0du69u63H532UDDmCjNYq55VzXCnwMX5eInF5Z ttfnOO92wwW/LUPLdTAwONqWfC5rzYrk=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzUlDadBGu7t8v4JoQvNU6UBlSmL0YQ7WQYaxkvlQvexKQ== [10] Indian Institute of Management Lucknow (2019). District Development Plan - Varanasi. Ministry of Commerce and industries. Retrieved from https://eaindustry.nic.in/ddp/Varanasi_DDP_Report_Final.pdf
Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 References VARANASI 40/40 [11] Singh, R. P. (1980). The socio-cultural space of varanasi. Jan Pieper. AARP, 41-46. [12] D. (2021, August 10). Administrative setup. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://varanasi.nic.in/administrative-setup/ [13] Adair, A.S., Berry, J.N., McGreal, W.S., Deddis, W.G. and Hirst, S.M. (1999) Evaluation of Investor Behavior in Urban Regeneration, Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No12, pp 2031-2045. [14] BURA (1997) British urban regeneration association in action –promoting best practices in regeneration. [15] Carley, M. and Kirk, K. (1998) Sustainable by 2020 A Strategic Approach to Urban Regeneration for Britain Cities, Amazon publications, United Kingdom. [15] Couch, Fraser, Percy (2003) Urban Regeneration in Europe, Blackwell, London. [16] Couch, C. (2003) City of Change and Challenge: Urban Planning and Regeneration in Liverpool. [17] Hawley, A.H. (1971) Urban Society, An ecological approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York. [18] Imrie, R. and Thomas, H. (1999) British Urban Policy: An Evaluation of the Urban Development Corporations, Sage, London. [19] Jane, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House New York. [20] Martin, M. (1964) The Federal Bulldozer: A Critical Analysis of Urban Renewal: 1949–1962, MIT Press, Cambridge. [21] Miller, J.M. (1959) New Life for Cities around the World: International Handbook on Urban Renewal, Books International, London. [22] Naidu, R. (1988) Crisis in walled cities, Architecture + Design, Vol-4, No. 3, March-April. [23] Roberts, P. and Sykes, H. (1999) Urban regeneration: a handbook, Amazon publication, United Kingdom.
Thank You Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash Sustainable Urban development in Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 40/40
Data Collection
Primary Data Source Land use Field survey Ownership pattern Field survey Urban Morphology ● Built form ● Plot & Building pattern ● Architectural style ● Construction material ● Construction technology Open spaces Street pattern Urban elements Field survey Heritage assets, Natural, Built Field survey Community structure Field survey Behavioural study Field survey Mobility & Parking Field survey Imageability Field survey CONCLUSION DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY TOURISTS/PILGRIMS SURVEY - Tourists' shopping preferences, favourite places, and inconveniences are surveyed. - In old Varanasi, various cultural communities were surveyed. - The survey collected data on residents' socio-economic status, living conditions, and amenities. - 84 households were surveyed, 12 per ward. DATA INVENTORY COMMERCIAL SURVEY - Godowlia Market is Varanasi's oldest market. - The products and economic activities selected were Silk shops, Glass beads, Fishing, Dairy, and Livestock, Wood and Stone Carving. PUBLIC OPINIONS
CONCLUSIONExpert's Opinion Primary Survey PRIMARY SURVEY S.N o Name Designation Source Encroachment department 1 Shri Rajeev Kumar Rai senior in charge Telephonic interview 2 Mr. Amit Shukla Officer-in-charge To be scheduled Varanasi development authority 3 Mr. Manoj Kumar Town planner Office 4 Shri Anil Kumar Singh Superintendent Engineer Office Revenue department 5 Shri Rajeev Kumar Rai Officer-in-Charge (Revenue) Google forms 6 Shri Munna Ram Tax Superintendent (Revenue Department) Google forms S.N o Name Designation Source Horticulture Department 7 Shri Kripashankar Pandey Park Superintendent scheduled on 30th Nov. 8 Mr. Amit Shukla Officer-in-charge To be scheduled C.S.R. Department 9 Shri Rajeev Kumar Rai Shri Rajeev Kumar Rai To be scheduled IGRS / Public Grievance 10 Mr. Amit Shukla Officer-in-Charge (Public Grievances) To be scheduled Transportation department 11 Shri Lokesh Kumar Jain Executive Engineer (Traffic) Telephonic interview 12 Shri Ajay Kumar Ram Executive Engineer(V/M) Telephonic interview
CONCLUSION Secondary Survey S.N o Name Source Status 1 Base map VDA Acquired 2 Historical background Gazetteer and Internet sources Acquired 3 Demography ● Population ● Density ● No. of HHs ● HH size VDA & Census of India Acquired 4 Organizational structure Legal & fiscal aspects Nagar nigam Acquired 5 Identification of built and open spaces Satellite image Acquired 6 Economic base Census of India Acquired 7 Building Bylaws VDA Acquired 8 Tax base ● Household ● Commercial VDA & Tax office Not acquired DATA INVENTORY The secondary data like historical background, demography, economic base, various maps, the existing organizational set up, legal and fiscal aspects, tax base, byelaws, tourism data etc are collected. Secondary data sources include, data from literature survey, maps and reports from various organizations and data from internet resources. DATA COLLECTION
CONCLUSION Secondary Data GIS Files Road network Religious structures
CONCLUSION Secondary Data GIS Files Ward map of Varanasi Mohallah colony boundry
CONCLUSION Secondary Data Landuse GIS file
CONCLUSION Commercial Activities EMPLOYMENT PROFILE OF VARANASI CITY i) % Distribution of labors acc. to residence & status of work ii) % Distribution of labors acc. age group by residence iii) % Distribution of labors acc. age group by status of work Type of industry Number of units Investment (lakh Rs.) Employment Agro-based 141 14.1 706 Cotton Textile 515 50.61 2576 Wooden, silk and artificial thread-based clothes 813 80.4 4076 Jute and jute-based 25 0.25 100 Readymade garments & embroidery 480 48.035 2401 Wood/wooden-based furniture 485 40.85 2426 Paper and paper products 40 20.8 201 Leather-based 25 10.2 126 Chemical/Chemical- based 430 30.1 2151 Rubber, Plastic & petro- based 60 25.15 301 Mineral-based 310 20.2 1551 Metal-based (Steel Fab.) 415 30.15 2076 Engineering units 510 40.1 2551 Electrical machinery and transport equipment 90 5.2 451 Repairing & servicing 978 128.21 5073 Total 5,227 544.67 26,292
CONCLUSION Commercial Activities EMPLOYMENT PROFILE OF VARANASI CITY Category No. of Employees Percentage Share Manufacturing 128,930 10.69 Trade and Commerce 82,035 6.80 Other Services 60,466 5.01 Transport and Communication 24,235 2.01 Agriculture 12,239 1.01 Construction 7,028 0.58 Marginal Workers 5,938 0.49 Total Employed 320,871 26.60 Not Employed 885,425 73.40 Total 1,206,296 100.00
CONCLUSION Commercial Activities ECONOMY & EMPLOYMENT GENERATING ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA Boat ride People sit in boats to see better. The boatmen can charge group or individual boat fare during the aarti. Handicraft diyas and Flowers People shop or seller hop from boat to boat selling diyas and flowers for the Ganga Aarti. Fishing Fishing is one of the primary occupation for the people of Varanasi where a significant no. of population is engaged for their daily wages.
CONCLUSION Commercial Activities ECONOMY & EMPLOYMENT GENERATING ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA Teaching Sarangi Kanhaiyalal Mishra has been playing the Sarangi traditionally. He runs a Gurukul at his residence where he teaches this art form to students of all age groups. Flavoured Lassi Lassi is a traditional Indian beverage made with curd. The drink can be made in various flavours ranging from the sweet rose to a plain salty version. Swimming lessons in the river Some locals take their first ever swimming lessons in the river, rejoicing with their group of friends.
CONCLUSION Visual Survey (Day)
CONCLUSION Visual Survey(Night)
CONCLUSION Visual Survey(Night)
THANK YOU
Analysis
Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 03 ABOUT THE PROJECT 01 02 AIM & OBJECTIVES The 3 Objectives breakdown 04 ANALYSIS (Objective 1) ● Framework ● Site Delineation ● Site division 05 2 ANALYSIS (Objective 2) ● Framework ● Landuse study of different wards ● Landuse Distribution ● SWOT analysis of Landuse ● Activity pattern ● Open spaces ● Road infrastructure ● Water & Sewerage ● Household and Commercial surveys Identification of Action areas
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 3 OBJECTIVES To suggest suitable policies and regulations to revitalize the old city by focusing on the outputs of the objective 2 for optimal infrastructure planning and economic vitality. Objective 3 Objective 2 To delineate & earmark the current old heritage area in the city of Varanasi. Objective 1 To study the built characteristics of the old city and its impact upon land use, urban design features & physical features along with economic condition of dwellers. To understand and analyze the problems and potentials of present old city heritage and to provide policies and planning measures for future growth, preserving the traditional identity and improving the living condition of local community by creating revenue generating opportunities. AIM
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 5 ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE 1 About the Project Old core & New core Paths Edges Districts Nodes Landmarks Varanasi has witnessed a huge transformation in its urban fabric in recent decade due to urbanization and commercialization
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 6 ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE 1 Objective 1 Framework To delineate & earmark the current old heritage area in the city of Varanasi Identifying and mapping the boundaries of the historic area, taking into account its economic, density and Tourism significance. Delineation
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 7 Delineation of the old core Old city area Source- Praharaj, Sarbeswar. (2014). Conservation and Urban Renewal as a base for Sustainable Development in Historic Cities: A Case of Varanasi. Raj ghat Lal ghat Manikarnika ghat Dashashwamedh ghat Harishchandra ghat Assi ghat Major ghats identified Dashashwamedh ghat Ravidas ghat Major economic activity Identification of Old core Step 1 Step 2 Delineation of Site ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE 1 SITE DELINEATION
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 8 Total Planning area 2.79 Km2 4137 mtr. Max. length of the stretch 917 mtr. Max. width of the stretch ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE 1 SITE DELINEATION
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 9 Inferences - All the wards except Nagwa falls on Older alluvial plain. - These wards are characterized by fertile soil and good drainage. - Nagwa on the other hand falls on older flood plain which is an area of land that is adjacent to a river or stream and is subject to periodic flooding. ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE 1 SITE DELINEATION SITE DIVISION
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 1 0 Objective 2 Framework To study the built characteristics of the old city and its impact upon land use, urban design features & architectural character along with economic condition of dwellers. 2. Study of built characteristics a) Examination of physical features ● Open & Built spaces ● Land use ● Age of structures ● Height of structures ● Type of Dwelling ● Landmarks b) Physical Infrastructure of the area ● Road-street network ● Water supply network ● Drainage network ● Waste & Sanitation 1. Impact on land use: a) Analysis of the relationship between built characteristics and land use b) Examination of arrangement of buildings, streets, and public space ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 11 Ward - 71 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use Landuse Composition Bangali tola ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE 135739 sq.m. Total Area 5944.21 m Max. stretch 15368 Population 2150 No. of Households Predominantly residential areas (45%) followed by mixed use (19%) Lack of recreational facilities Location of the famous Godowlia chowk Inferences
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 12 Ward - 71 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use Bangali tola ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 15 149390 sq.m. Total Area Jangambadi Ward - 69 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 672.47 m Max. stretch 11167 Population Landuse Composition 1796 No. of Households ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE Predominantly residential areas (50%) followed by mixed use (15%) Location of famous Jangambadi math Commercial centers, offering tourists a range of shopping and dining options, including traditional handicrafts, spices, and other local products Inferences
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 16 Ward - 69 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE Jangambadi A A’ B B’ Section A-A’ Section B-B’ Jan gam wa di roa d Godowlia chowk
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 17 Ward - 69 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE Jangambadi Harasundari Dharmshala Jangambadi math
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 19 79878 sq.m. Total Area Ward - 83 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 519.21 m Max. stretch 10760 Population Landuse Composition 2006 No. of Households Inferences ● Predominantly Mixed use (49%) followed by residential (41%) ● Main neighbourhoods of silk weaving business ● Major shopping areas like Saree shops ● Majority of Muslim population ● Consists of several Madarsas and Masjids ● Home to many small-scale weaving workshops and large textile mills. Key map: Madanpura ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 20 212485 sq.m. Total Area Ward - 51 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 726.77 m Max. stretch 11890 Population Landuse Composition 2027 No. of Households Inferences ● Predominantly Residential (40%) followed by mixed use (35%) ● Lacks Green spaces and Parks ● Location of famous Kali mandir ● Many Schools and colleges ● Traditional handicrafts, such as brassware, woodcarvings, and silk and cotton textiles. Pandey Haveli ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE WARD 51- LANDUSE
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 21 179193 sq.m. Total Area Ward - 63 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 730.83 m Max. stretch 9375 Population Landuse Composition 1725 No. of Households Inferences ● Predominantly Residential (49%) followed by mixed use (23%) ● Lacks Green spaces and recreational spaces ● LIC office and quarters ● Presence of various Hotels Baaghada ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE WARD 51- LANDUSE WARD 63- LANDUSE LIC of India office & quarters
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE WARD 51- LANDUSE WARD 63- LANDUSE MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 22 275509 sq.m. Total Area Ward -68 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 813.44 m Max. stretch 10046 Population Landuse Composition 1582 No. of Households Inferences ● Predominantly Residential areas (43%) followed by Religious (15%). ● Contains highest no of religious structures Shivwala WARD 68- LANDUSE Shivwala ghat
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE WARD 51- LANDUSE WARD 63- LANDUSE WARD 68- LANDUSE MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 23 476662 sq.m. Total Area Ward -55 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 1212.56 m Max. stretch 12664 Population Landuse Composition 1949 No. of Households Inferences Predominantly Residential areas (45%) followed by Mixed use (20%). Location of the famous Assi ghat Bhaidani WARD 55- LANDUSE
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 WARD 69- LANDUSE WARD 71- LANDUSE WARD 83- LANDUSE WARD 51- LANDUSE WARD 63- LANDUSE WARD 68- LANDUSE WARD 55- LANDUSE MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 24 988713 sq.m. Total Area Ward -11 Objective 2 Impact on land use: relationship b/w built characteristics and land use 2099.37 m Max. stretch 12904 Population Landuse Composition 1684 No. of Households Inferences ● It comprises of majorly Residential areas (50%) ● Significant private vacant plots is present that comprises 13 percent ● Location of famous Ravidas park ● Major land comes under flood plain ● Several new multistorey apartments coming up Nagwa Nagwa ghat International Hindu ghat WARD 11- LANDUSE
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 25 Ward wise Land use Distribution Landuse Jangambadi Bangali tola Madanpura Pandey haveli Baaghada Shivwala Bhaidani Nagwa Residential 50.51 45.06 41.07 39.73 49.07 43.19 45.25 50.58 Multi Story Residential 1.95 1.09 4.1 1.17 0.15 - 1.11 2.68 Commercial/Non Residential 4.95 5.67 0.26 6.21 5.2 1.42 5.8 4.73 Multi Story Commercial 0.18 0.13 0.04 - 0.51 - 0.13 0.23 Mixed use 15.34 19.96 49.72 35.63 23.69 23 20.43 10.67 Multistory Mix 1.27 4.25 - - - - 4.36 0.05 Religious 6.77 3.38 2.8 10.16 3.51 14.75 3.46 9.21 Educational 2.43 1.73 - 6.33 0.25 - 1.77 3.16 Recreational 0.08 - 0.59 0.04 - - - - Garden/Park 2.32 0.57 - - - 1.71 0.58 3.53 Parking Space 0.03 - - - 0.1 0.06 0.02 Ponds/Kunds/Lake 1.27 4.37 - - 5.09 0.74 4.48 0.01 Public Amenities 0.16 0.01 - - - - 0.01 0.26 Central Govt. Properties 0.01 - - - - - - - State Govt Properties 2.38 8.07 - - 9.38 13.03 6.76 0.04 Electricity Department Assets 0.01 - - - 0.46 - - - Jal Kal Vibhag Assets 1.29 3 0.32 0.64 - 0.21 3.07 0.69 Private Vacant Plot 8.99 2.65 1.1 0.07 0.38 1.62 2.72 13.35 Community Toilet 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.23 0.08 0.02 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 26 SWOT Jangambadi Location of famous Jangambadi math. Presence of all kinds of land uses. Lack of green spaces Lack of recreational facilities Commercial centers and Dining options Endangered biodiversity due to high pollution and solid waste dumping Bangali tola Location of famous Godowlia chowk Lack of parking and recreational space Traditional handicrafts, spices, and other local products Hidhest population density. Garbage dumping effects the river ecology Madanpura Home to many small-scale weaving workshops and large textile mills. Main ward of silk weaving business No visual connection from the road to river Major shopping areas like Saree shops High air and water pollution due to garbage dumping and hygienic condition of river Ghats Pandey haveli Location of famous Kali mandir Lacks Green spaces and Parks Consists many Schools and colleges Lacks all kinds of land use except Residential and mixed uses Baaghada Location of various Government spaces like LIC office and quarters. Lacks Green spaces and recreational spaces Highest no. of ponds and kunds. Significant no. of Residential hotels Reducing green spaces due to encroachment. Shivwala Contains highest no of religious structures. Highest no. of Government lands Lacks educational facilities Ample amount of green spaces present compared to other wards Water pollution due to directly throwing of ashes in Harishchandra ghat Bhaidani Location of the famous Assi ghat Lacks parking & recreational space Major tourist influx due to Assi ghat Rapid development putting load on infrastructure Nagwa Location of famous Ravidas park Loss of old social culture due to new settlement and encroachment Most no. of vacant plots available Major land comes under flood plain Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION SWOT ANALYSIS
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 27 Land use map ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN Flavoured Lassi Lassi is a traditional Indian beverage made with curd. The drink can be made in various flavours ranging from the sweet rose to a plain salty version. Swimming lessons in the river Some locals take their first ever swimming lessons in the river, rejoicing with their group of friends. Fishing Fishing is one of the primary occupation for the people of Varanasi where a significant no. of population is engaged for their daily wages. Handicraft diyas and Flowers People shop or seller hop from boat to boat selling diyas and flowers for the Ganga Aarti. The city's Ghats are used for fishing, boat rides, and other water-based activities. These activities generate income for local fishermen and boat operators and provide job opportunities in the tourism and transportation sectors. Sale of handicraft products like diyas is an important source of income for local merchants, particularly during religious festivals and other special occasions.
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 28 Sant Ravidas smarak park Ratnakar park Prafulla nagar park Key issues Total open space is 5.2 percent which is very less The sports infrastructure is limited to schools. Sports facilities are grossly lacking across the site. 27360 sq.m. Total Open area Main parks ● St. Ravi Das Park ● Dumraon Colony Park ● Anand Bagh ● Tulsi Manas Mandir Colony Park ● Gurudham Park ● Ratnakar Park ● Ravindra Jayanti Park ● Manohar Upvan ● Surbhi Park Gokul lawn Recreational area as per draft Master Plan, 2031 has not been proposed for the old city and recreational/ open space facility continues to be lacking in this area. ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 29 Key issues High road density, low ROW None of the junctions have pedestrian walkways. Very low parking space than requirement. Important junctions identified - Rathyatra Crossing - Chaukaghat Crossing - Sajan Crossing - Gadaulia Crossing - Englighiya line - Girijaghar Crossing Steet lights are present across the site but only Ravindrapuri Chauraha have traffic light. Every junction should be signalized and the use of IT to synchranise the traffic lights. ROAD NETWORK
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 30 JUNCTION SURVEY Sl.no. Name of Junction Traffic Signal Present Traffic Signal Working Zebra crossing available Sufficient turning radius Pedestrian walkways Remarks 1 Rathyatra Crossing Y N Y Y N Services like transformer/ electric poles at Junction 2 Sajan Crossing N N N Y N Encroachment and Services Alligned at junction 3 Englighiya line N N N Y N Parking along the junctions 4 Chaukaghat Crossing Y N N Y N Multi-directional traffic flow 5 Gadaulia Crossing N N N Y N Parking and Encraochment Issues 6 Assi T-Point Crossing N N N N N Encroachment and Very Narrow Approach Road towards the junction 7 Girijaghar Crossing Y N Y Y N Parking and Services at Junction Junction survey
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 31 Bhadani Water Intake point Water demand & Supply Water demand of the city 276 MLD Water supply from tube well 205 MLD No. of Tube wells 226 nos. Capacity each tube well serving 0.9~1 MLD Water supply from surface water 125 MLD Total water supply 330 MLD Water supply exceeding 54 MLD Sewarage Total sewage generated 225 MLD Sewarage treated in STP 97 MLD Open Discharge 130 MLD Sewerage treatment plants Location Capacity Dinapur 97 MLD Bhagwanpur 9.8 MLD DLW 12 MLD Total 101.8 MLD ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES JUNCTION SURVEY WATER & DRAINAGE
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES JUNCTION SURVEY WATER & DRAINAGE MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 32 Residential People’s Perception Gender Working age Population Native Language Major population is of male around 54%. 54.3% of the population is above 18 yrs. Majority of the population is Hindi speaking followed by Bhojpuri. Occupation Most of the people have occupation in Trade and commerce followed by Services. It is due to the tourist in the cities. Education Profile Most of the population is Graduated followed by uneducated which is a concern. Place of Origin Duration of Stay 74.2 % of the population stays for longer than 10 yrs. Most of the people are native which is around 67.4% HOUSE PROPERTY DETAILS Type of Dwelling Size of Houses Majority of the population have 200-300 sq.m. houses followed by 100-200 sq.m. No. of stories Majority of the households are 2 storyed followed by 1 storeyed. Age of structues Majority of the households are 30-40 years old followed by 10-20 yrs. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Majority of the houses are detached houses followed by apartments. PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES JUNCTION SURVEY WATER & DRAINAGE PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 33 HOUSE PROPERTY DETAILS People’s Perception Major motivators of staying in the City Major drawbacks of the City Satisfiction level Development needed COMMUTER PROFILE Vehicle Ownership Ownership Type Parking Trips to Work Trips to Market Trips to Health centres Mode Of Transport For Work Trips Mode Of Transport For Market Trips Mode Of Transport For Health Trips ACCESS TO SERVICES Major motivators of staying in city are Low cost living and Earning opportunities Major drawbacks of staying in city are decreased economic activity and housing.
ABOUT THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 FRAMEWORK LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES JUNCTION SURVEY WATER & DRAINAGE PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 34 COMMERCIAL SURVEY People’s Perception Footfall per Day Ameneties Needed (Top 3 Priorities) Ameneties Available Medical stores tend to have a higher month-to-month turnover than stores with lower beginning expenses. The health-care business must play a significant part in the city's economy. Shop Size Mode of Transport No. of Employees Source of Capital Most of the shop sizes are Between 10 sq.m to 30 sq.m. which is around 50% Most of the people uses Motor cycles which is 50% for their mode of transport. Nearly half of the shops has 2 employees. Majority of the shops took Loan from Banks followed by self finance. Establishment cost The electronics shop took the highest establishment cost which is around 35 lakhs followed by Shop 5 which is restaurant i.e., 30 lakhs. Due to Covid some of the shops footfall increased i.e., medical shops whereas Restaurants were most impacted The top priority of the city is safety for women followed by road infrastructure. City is well equipped by electricity and present in all shops. Land Ownership Parking Zone Loading bay Godown Drainage system 30% of the shops has parking facility available. 70% of the shops has Loading/ unloading bays 90% of the shops has proper drainage system. 80% of the shops have godowns. 70% of the shops have are in the commercial zones. Most of the shops are on rented lands. A sample size of 10 Commercial shops is chosen: ● 2 grocery, ● 2 medicine, ● 2 sweet & snacks, ● 2 Clothing ● 1 Electronics & ● 1 stationery
ABOUT THE PROJECT AIM & OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 LANDUSE MAPS LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY PATTERN OPEN SPACES JUNCTION SURVEY WATER & DRAINAGE PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 35 Action area 1 ● The stretch has tremendous scope of revenue generation from tourists. ● Presence of important heritage structures ● The historic Dashashwamedh ghat along the river has potential to attract tourists. ● Intrusion of heavy traffic disturbing the traditional fabric. Action area 2 ● The commercial street (Pitambarpura) of Madanpura ward has significant street scape which is deteoriting. ● The area is known for its silk weaving business ● Major shopping areas like Saree shops ● Home to many small-scale weaving workshops and large textile mills. Action area 3 ● The area where a lot of new construction activities happening ● Ample area of Vacant land available ● Major land comes under flood plain so important guidelines are required ACTION AREAS
Proposals
Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic core Case of Varanasi Presented by: Deep Prakash PROPOSALS 1 Guided by: Prof. Joy Sen
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 2 OBJECTIVES To suggest suitable policies and regulations to revitalize the old city by focusing on the outputs of the objective 2 for optimal infrastructure planning and economic vitality. Objective 3 Objective 2 To delineate & earmark the current old heritage area in the city of Varanasi. Objective 1 To study the built characteristics of the old city and its impact upon land use, urban design features & physical features along with economic condition of dwellers. To understand and analyze the problems and potentials of present old city heritage and to provide policies and planning measures for future growth, preserving the traditional identity and improving the living condition of local community by creating revenue generating opportunities. AIM
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 3 Access to Site 26.1 KM (Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport) 4.2 KM (Chaudhary Charan Singh) 7.2 KM (Varanasi cantonment) City level introduction - Varanasi is an ancient city located in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the banks of the River Ganges. - It is a major spiritual center for Hindus and is famous for its ghats and temples. - The city is also renowned for its silk weaving industry and has a thriving music, art, and literature scene. Climate of Varanasi - Varanasi has a humid subtropical climate with distinct summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. Source: weatherspark.com Demographic Data Total Population 1,639,739 (as per 2011 census) Male Population 864,575 Female Population 775,164 Population Density 5,398 persons per square kilometer Literacy Rate 81.34% Languages Spoken Bhojpuri, English, Urdu, and others Religion Hinduism is the majority religion, followed by Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, and Christianity Ethnicity The city is predominantly inhabited by people of Bhojpuri, Hindi, and Urdu speaking communities Sex Ratio 897 females per 1000 males Age Group 0-6 years old: 12.2%, 6-18 years old: 21.6%, 18-60 years old: 58.9%, 60+ years old: 7.3% Employment The city's major industries include handloom weaving, tourism, education, and agriculture Demography of Varanasi Old core & New core Total Planning area 2.79 Km2 4137 mtr. Max. length of the stretch 917 mtr. Max. width of the stretch 94,174 Total population of site
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 4 Heritage trail route map 1 Sita Ram Mandir 2 Shri Sitamani Mandir 3 Shri Ganga Maa Temple 4 Shiva Temple 5 Shiv Temple 6 Sati mata Mandir 7 Ram Janki Mandir Trust 8 Mosque 9 Masjid 10 Mahanirmani Temple 11 Mahadev Temple 12 Lola Kund 13 Khuska Begum Masjid 14 Khaki Shah Masjid 15 Kashi Kaamkoteeshwar Mandir 16 Karpatra ghat Swami Mandir 17 Kamal Shah Mosque 18 Kali Mandir 19 Jagjivan Ashram 20 Chipi Tola Mosque 21 Astabal Masjid 22 Anand Bhairo Mandir 23 Aghor Peeth Important Heritage sites on trail route Ghats along the Heritage trail 1 Dashashwamedh Ghat 2 Prayag Ghat 3 Sitala Ghat 4 Ahilyabai Ghat 5 Munshi Ghat 6 Darbhanga Ghat 7 Rana Ghat 8 Chausathi Ghat 9 Digpatiya Ghat 10 Pandey Ghat 11 Babua Pandey Ghat 12 Raja Ghat 13 Narad Ghat 14 Mansarovar Ghat 15 Kshemeshwar Ghat 16 Chowki Ghat 17 Karnataka State Ghat 18 Harish Chandra Ghat 19 Lali Ghat 20 Vijaya Nagaram Ghat 21 Kedar Ghat 22 Bhadaini Ghat 23 Panch Kota Ghat 24 Prabhu Ghat 25 Chet Singh Ghat 26 Niranjani Ghat 27 Maha Nirvani Ghat 28 Shivala Ghat 29 Gulariya Ghat 30 Dandi Ghat 31 Hanuman Ghat 32 Tulsi Ghat 33 Reeva Ghat 34 Ganga Mahal Ghat-II 35 Assi Ghat 36 Assi Naya Ghat 37 Samne Ghat 38 Nishadraj Ghat 39 Jain Ghat 40 Vaccharaj Ghat 41 Anandmayi Ghat 42 Janaki Ghat Godowlia chowk Assi ghat
Heritage trail route map MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 5 Commercial setup along the trail Ghats along the Heritage trail Godowlia chowk Assi ghat The area has large number of traditional shops. A total of 708 shops along the main street and many of them are 100 years older. Shops are selling unique and traditional handicraft items, garments and traditional perfumes List of shops along the trail Silk and Textiles: Varanasi is famous for its Banarasi silk sarees and textiles, which are sold in many shops in the old city. These shops offer a variety of silk fabrics, sarees, scarves, and other traditional textiles. Handicrafts: The old city is also home to many shops selling traditional handicrafts, such as wood, brassware, pottery, and jewelry. These shops offer unique and handmade products that are great for gifts. Spices: The old city has many spice shops that sell a range of spices and herbs used in Indian cuisine. These shops offer a variety of spices, including cardamom, cumin, turmeric, and saffron. Sweet Shops: Varanasi is also known for its sweets and desserts, which are sold in many shops in the old city. These sweet shops offer a variety of traditional Indian sweets, such as ladoo, barfi, and rasgulla. Bookstores: The old city has many bookstores that sell books on Indian culture, spirituality, and history. These shops offer a range of books in English and Hindi, as well as other regional languages. Ayurvedic Shops: The old city is home to many Ayurvedic shops that sell traditional Ayurvedic medicines and remedies. These shops offer a range of natural and herbal products for various ailments. Street Food: The old city is famous for its street food, which is sold in many stalls and shops along the narrow streets. These shops offer a range of snacks and chaat items, such as samosas Type of Shop Nos. Silk and Cotton Shops 67 Jewelry Shops 64 Handicraft Shops 55 Sweet Shops 43 Book Shops 9 Spice Shops 42 General Stores 76 Footwear Shops 22 Eating Joints 112 Ayurvedic Shops 17 Music Shops 7 Flower Shops 117 Paan shops 36 Others 41
Heritage trail route map MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 6 Godowlia chowk Assi ghat Operation & Management Proposals ● The whole heritage trail route is proposed to be pedestrian between Godowlia chowk and Assi ghat. ● Parking arrangements is done along the Sonapura marg. Tourist facilities provided are ● Tourist information booth ● Cab services from Godowlia chowk to Assi ghat ● Drinking water and Toilets at start and end points ● Security booth to be provided to residents and tourists along the trail Timings and Scheduling The guided heritage trip can be started from Godowlia chowk to Assi ghat from 8.00 A.M. and can have 3 trips of 2.5hr per day. Start time 8.00 A.M. 10.30 A.M. 1.00 P.M. 4.00 P.M. 6.30 P.M. Trip 1 Trip 2 Trip 3 Interval End time Tourist information booth Cab services & Parking Drinking water & Toilet
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 7 Grading of Structures Building of religious importance with outstanding Historical & Architectural value. Prime Landmarks of the city. Grade-I: Structures with local importance with special historical or architectural value. Contributes to image and identity of the area. Grade-II: Structures of importance for townscape. These buildings evokes architectural, aesthetic or sociological interest. Grade-III: Structures of importance for townscape. Architecture value is less than Grade-III Buildings Grade-IV: Criteria for listing of Heritage structures ➔ Age of Structures ➔ Value for Architectural, Historical or Cultural significance ➔ Relevance to social or Economic history ➔ Open spaces integrated with built form ➔ Association with well known person and events No interventions would be permitted either on the exterior or interior unless it is necessary in the interest of strengthening, and prolonging, the life of the buildings or precincts or any part or features thereof. For this purpose, absolutely essential and minimal changes would be allowed and they must be accordance with the original. Internal changes, adaptive reuse and external changes will generally be allowed, but will be subject to strict scrutiny. Care would be taken to ensure the conservation of all special aspects for which it is included in Grade-I. In addition to the above, extension or additional buildings in the same plot or compound could, certain circumstances, be allowed provided that the extension/ additional buildings is in harmony with and does not detract from the existing heritage building or precincts, especially in terms of height and façade. External and internal changes and adaptive reuse would generally be allowed. Changes can include extensions, additional building in the same plot or compound provided that the extension/additional building is in harmony with and does not detract from the existing heritage building/ precinct especially in terms of height and façade.
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 8 Grading of Structures IV
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 9 Parking facility development Two important areas are identified for new parking development. Both of these areas will have Multi storied parking facility for efficient use of available public land in old city area. Proposed Parking 1. Aghore Peeth Baba Kinaram Sthal 1 2 2. Assi ghat temple ganga sewa samiti Proposed Parking At Aghore Peeth Sthal- 0.47 Acres Assi ghat area- 1.05 acres Key Map Total parking area with 1.5 FAR ans 25% circulation space is: 6938 sq.m. Available parking: Cars: 353 & 2-wheelers: 1665 Total Parking space Cars- 353 at ₹10/hr (12hr) 2-Wheeler- 1665 at ₹5/hr (12hr) Cars: ₹42370 2-wheeler: ₹99900 Total collection/day=143280 Annual revenue generation: 143280x365=5.22 cr. Parking Charges
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 11 Godowlia Junction Survey
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 12 Delineation of Heritage zone Conservation of historic core of Varanasi should be undertaken in terms of the ‘Heritage zone concept’, so that the conservation of unprotected heritage must be sensitively planned and aligned with the imperatives of routine development process. Delineated Heritage zone The area of special architectural and historic interest, the character and appearance of this area should be preserved and enhanced. Heritage zone Development Guidelines Heritage should be considered as special area and should get special reservations in statuary, regional, master and detailed development plans to protect it with well defined rules and regulations to control alterations and new developments. Religious structures density map Religious structures location map
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 13 Action area 1
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 14 Before After Before After
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 15 Existing & Proposed street lights Redevelopment in built characterstics Proposal of Street lights for narrow streets Street lights Nos. Existing street light 395 Proposed street lights 894 Total 1289
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 17 Landuse control and Future activities Existing Landuse Proposed Landuse ● Madanpura existing Predominant landuse is Mixed use (49%) followed by residential (41%) ● Main neighbourhoods of silk weaving business ● Major shopping areas like Saree shops ● Majority of Muslim population ● Consists of several Madarsas and Masjids ● Home to many small-scale weaving workshops and large textile mills. Madanpura
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 18 Morphostratigraphic map Landuse control and Future activities Existing Landuse Proposed Landuse Nagwa The low lying area in between Ravidas ghat and Samne ghat will be preserved as natural green area. The low lying area will be developed in a stepped green area. Provisions will be made for treatment of grey/black water disposed in the river through Nalahs. Horticulture may be practiced in the preserved green area.
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 21 Urban Design & Infill Guidelines Balconies ● Parapets are the most important character defining the skyline. New parapets should be in harmony with the old and should complement the skyline of streetscape. Parapets ● The new balconies should reflect the characters of the traditional balconies and to be sensitively designed so as to complement the streetscape ● New balconies drastically varying in character with the traditional one, to be avoided ● Original finishes to be identified and preserved ● All new facades to be finished in harmony with the traditional finishes ● Colour schemes drastically contrasting with the existing should be avoided ● Facing & cladding materials like ceramic tiles synthetic plaster should be avoided Colour & finishes ● PVC Drain pipes, water tanks, AC units etc on street façade should be avoided. ● Signboards for commercial activity should be properly designed and fixed. ● Disfigurement caused by advertisements board, electricity and telecom wires etc. should be controlled. Signboards/ Services Electrical wirings on the facade
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 Continuity & composition 22 Urban Design & Infill Guidelines ● An uninterrupted building line and continuous wall to wall construction is recommended ● Composition of individual facade should complement the overall streetscape establishing a part-to-whole relationship of the built form ● The original scale and proportion of the old building should be maintained ● New construction should comply with the old structures ● Horizontal floor division and vertical bay division to be adopted as per site context ● Out of scale features like big or squatted opening should be avoided. Scale and proportion Openings ● New openings (odd shapes/proportions) drastically varying with the character of existing opening should be avoided. Roofline ● Floor lines should match all around the stretch of the road ● Building heights to be controlled with the specified FAR.
MCP- 2nd Year Sustainable Urban renewal of Historic Core: Case of Varanasi MCP- 2nd Year Deep Prakash 21AR60R47 2 4 Proposals for Organizational setup ● Creating Awareness regarding heritage ● Initiating actions to safe guard heritage ● Policy Advocacy A heritage committee be set up in Varanasi city. Power & function of heritage committee To regulate growth and development within the heritage zone. To approve new developments in vacant sites and changes in dilapidated structures. To monitor the working progress of various projects of the action areas. To provide guidance for proper execution of programmes, policies are recommendations To control execution of recommendations for action areas. To provide guidance for implementation. Municipal Corporation, VDA and INTACH all has separate list of heritage structures and monuments but they has never converged into a single comprehensive list. What these mean is that there is clear lack of linkage between various institutions and technical expertise on issues related to heritage conservation and management which is the need of the hour. Issue

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