1. Arcangelo Canitano and Adelaide Chiaravalloti
CLA University of Roma Tre
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2. Agenda
 Climate changes and consequences
(Arcangelo)
 Mediterranean Sea level-rise and
increase in temperatures (Adelaide)
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3. Proof of global warming
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4. Climate changes and consequences
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Humans are heating the earth.
If we don’t change the way we
live:
• Polar caps will melt
• Ocean levels will rise
• Hurricanes
• Droughts and floods
• Malaria will kill many people
• Extinction of plants and
animals

5. Climate changes and consequences
Carbon dioxide graph by Robert Simmon, NASA
Temperature graph from NASA Goddard Institute
for Space Studies
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In the last century there has
been an important rise both of
carbon dioxine emission both
of temperature anomaly.
Many scientists deduct that
there is a strong correlation
between the two phenomena.

6. Climate changes and consequences
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In spite of the evidences, there
are other scientists who are
skeptics.
Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005

7. Climate changes and consequences
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They said that there are
cycles of the Earth and
the clima is one more.
Accurate temperature
satellites read hardly no
change in temperature in
the lower troposphere in
the last 20 years.
3000 years of surface temperature

8. 18/07/2013
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Antarctica’s collapsing ice shelves
Alarmists say Skeptic says
Antarctica represents the
greatest threat to the globe from
global warming.
“Due to natural currents”,
Antarctic ice is growing, not
shrinking.

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Alarmist say Skeptics say
Proof that human activities are
propelling a slide toward climate
calamity.
“It’s the wind”
 “Polar wind patterns changed and
blew sea ice further south to
warmer waters than it normally
would”
 Arctic = 3 million square KM -
shrinking
Antarctic = 16 million square KM
growing
 Net change in ice area +5%

10. Global Warming and the
Mediterranean Sea (1)
 The Mediterranean Sea is a unique and
valuable natural and cultural heritage, of
paramount importance for our economic
growth. However, it is threatened by
many pressures and human impacts.
 It hosts an amazing diversity at the
biological, cultural, social, political and
economic level
 The Mediterranean region as a global
priority place where ecological integrity
must be conserved to contribute to a
more secure and sustainable future for
all
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11. Global Warming and the
Mediterranean Sea (2)
 The Mediterranean Sea warming
has still determined climatic
changes in terms of biodiversity
(20-25%) like northward migration
of species from the south
Mediterranean and entrance of
alien species (es. The case of a
putter fish in the marine reserve of
Isola di Capo Rizzuto in Calabria).
 A substantial increase of jellyfishes.
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12. Global Warming and the
Mediterranean sea (3)
 The abnormal and prolonged
increase of summer
temperatures (2-3°C) caused
massive mortality of benthic
fauna (es. sponges and
gorgonians like Paramuricea
clavata, Eunicella singularis
and Lophogorgia ceratophyta )
with impact on 28 invetebrate
species
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13. Principal impacts of climate change
on marine systems (1)
INCREASE OF
VARIABILITY
INCREASE OF
STRATIFICATION
ALTERATION OF
LIFE CyCLES
INCREASE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
REDUCTION OF
NATURAL
BARRIER
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14. Principal impacts of climate
change on marine systems (2)
 With global warming the
seasides become smaller,
the marine waters more hot
and acid.
 The coral whiten with the
increase of temperature and
acid water.
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15. Principal impacts of climate
change on marine systems
(3)
 The new “tropical climate” of
Mediterranean Sea allows alien species
of fishes from the Indo-Pacific Ocean
like the flute fish (Fistularia
commersonii) and the trigger fish
(Stephanolesis diaspor)
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16. THANKS
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
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It would be important to preserve our sea for a more sustainable
future