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THE COLORADO ‘GREEN BUFFALO’ ASSOCIATION 
(CGBA) 
 
The Purpose of this document is to raise money for a Colorado Hemp Farm that includes 
a ‘Cannabidiol (CBD) Concentrate’ Processing Lab, and a Hemp Food & Fiber Processing Plant: 
Due to the lack of infrastructure, as well as the lack of processing facilities, the commercial hemp 
market  in  the  United  States  makes  projections  extremely  speculative.    However,  according  to  the 
‘Midlands Naturalist’, as well as 2013 wholesale prices, an acre of hemp produces: 
Quantity  Unit Size  ?  Total Per Acre  Equals   
1  Acre  Hemp Field  8000 Seeds  300  Gallons Hemp Seed Oil 
      300 Gallons @ $30 per  $9,000  Hemp Seed Oil per Acre 
8000  Seeds  Hemp Oil Byproduct  6000 Pounds @ $2 per  $12,000  Hemp Flour per Acre 
        $21,000  JUST FROM SEEDS 
 
Quantity  Unit Size  ?  Total Per Acre  Equals   
1  Acre  Hemp Field  Raw Bails of Stalk  31  Tons of Raw Stalk 
      31 Tons @ $75 per  $2,300  Raw Stalk per Acre 
or (more equipment and labor needed for value added separation) 
1  Acre  Hemp Field  Bast Fiber  6  Tons of Bast Fiber 
      6 Tons @ $1000 per  $6,000  Bast Fiber per Acre 
1  Acre  Hemp Field  Hurds  25  Tons of Hurds 
      25 Tons @ $300 per  $7,500  Hurds per Acre 
        $12,500  JUST FROM STALKS 
 
U.S. Industrial Hemp Production 
Currently,  the  Controlled  Substance  Act  makes  it  illegal  to  raise  industrial  hemp  (Cannabis  Sativa) 
commercially without a permit from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).  However, numerous state 
and national initiatives are working to return industrial hemp production to the United States. 
In fact, the 2014 Farm Bill includes a provision that allows institutions of higher education to grow or 
cultivate industrial hemp.  This provision allows universities to study industrial hemp for its possible 
future use as a commercial product.  The federal provision also allows states (which have legalized 
hemp) to legally transport it across state lines. 
Currently,  American  Hemp  Farmers  must  compete  with  substantial  production  subsidies  in  the 
European Union (approximately half the value of the crop) and in parts of Eastern Europe.  Labor 
costs for both harvesting and processing are significantly lower in many regions outside of the United 
States.    And  it  is  important  to  remember  that  harvested  hemp  is  very  bulky,  and  that  minimizing 
transport distance between processing centers (at least first stage) is advantageous.   
  2 
Colorado Industrial Hemp Production 
(CRS  §  25‐18.7‐101  to  105)  Colorado  now  permits  the  growing  of  industrial  hemp.    The  Colorado 
Department  of  Agriculture’s  regulatory  role  with  Industrial  Hemp  is  limited  to  registration  of 
cultivators and inspection of crops.  The State of Colorado has no jurisdiction over many other factors 
that producers are faced with.  The following issues arise during the cultivation of industrial hemp in 
the state of Colorado: 
• Seed Procurement/Seed Quality ‐ Random sampling of hemp fields will be conducted.  Plant 
samples testing at levels higher than 0.3% THC will be in violation of the Colorado Industrial 
Hemp Registration and Production Act (and a THC level over 1% is forbidden). 
• Federal farm programs such as crop insurance, farm loans, and conservation reserve; may be 
jeopardized if industrial hemp is planted (these programs are managed by the USDA). 
• Processing  ‐  Industrial  hemp  must  be  processed  prior  to  shipment  out  of  Colorado.    It  is 
unknown at this time how many processing facilities will be available during harvest. 
• Registration deadline ‐ is May 1 of each year, beginning in 2014. 
 
Canadian Industrial Hemp Production 
Detailed market information for hemp seed isn't readily available.  One report compiled by Alberta 
Agriculture and Rural Development estimates gross revenue for Canadian hemp seed production at 
around $35 million.  
Canada has allowed the commercial production of industrial hemp for seed and for fiber since 1998. 
More than 100 Canadian farmers are currently taking advantage of the market for hemp and are 
growing the crop (Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada). 
According  to  the  Canadian  Hemp  Trade  Alliance  (CHTA),  Canadian  farmers  planted  nearly  39,000 
acres of hemp in 2011.  Canadian farmers are reporting net profits of $200 to $250 per acre.  In 2010, 
exports of Canadian hemp seed and hemp products were valued at more than $10 million.  Most 
Canadian hemp exports go to the United States. 
 
Hemp Cultivation 
Industrial  hemp  has  the  capacity  to  grow  in  a  multitude  of  different  climates,  altitudes,  soils  and   
weather conditions.  Hemp is sown during April or May and typically planted densely in rows (at least 
150 plants per square meter to maximize fiber production; and about one‐fifth that density if grown 
for  seed  production).    Drilling  is  recommended  for  uniformity,  using  a  standard  grain  drill  or  a 
modified  alfalfa  seeder.    It  is  also  recommended  that  the  ground  be  non‐compacted  and  well‐
drained, using only light cultivation.  Small amounts of herbicides may be required, although pesticide 
use would probably not be necessary, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the spring, with 
similar application rates to that of corn.   
  3 
Very little else is required until harvest (with the exception of irrigation if precipitation is less than 
200mm over the course of the growing period).  Most fiber varieties reach 10 to 12 feet tall in 3 to 4 
months time (with a full range of 6‐16 feet), with very little foliage produced.  In late summer the 
plants are harvested and the foliage is returned to the soil. 
And the hemp ‘deep tap‐root’ draws up subsoil nutrients and then, when the leaves fall from the 
plant  to  the  ground,  they  return  these  nutrients  to  the  topsoil  for  the  next  crop  rotation  (hemp 
should be one of the three annual crop rotations, per farming field, to produce the best results). 
 
Seed Cost Estimates  
Certified seed, the most expensive production cost item, imported into Canada costs about $2000 per 
ton,  of  which  roughly  half  is  transportation  costs  from  Europe  (viable  seeds  are  not  currently 
available in Canada or the United States), and most certified seed containing 0.3% THC or less comes 
from  France.    It  is  reasonable  to  assume  that  this  cost  estimate  would  also  apply  to  American 
producers.  Further, since no varieties have been specifically adapted to North American production, 
yields may be slightly less than average, particularly during early years of commercial production.  
 
Hemp Processing 
Industrial  hemp  is  grown  for  its  fiber  (outer  bark),  hurds  (woody  inner  core  of  the  stalk),  seeds 
(primarily  for  hemp  oil),  and  Cannabidiol  (CBD)  Concentrate  (from  the  residual  flowers  after  seed 
extraction).  The fiber length and cellulose and lignin content are key quality parameters as well. 
Concentrate:  After the seeds are extracted, the residual flowers produce a valuable medicine.  
This medicine is called ‘the Cannabidiol (CBD) Concentrate’.  The cannabidiol concentrate has 
extremely low levels of THC (less than .03%) and high levels of CBD’s (up to 40% cannabidiols 
in the plant resin).  Cannabidiol (CBD) is a class of diverse cannabinoid compounds that act on 
cannabinoid receptors throughout the body and mind.  CBD’s display no psychoactivity (users 
don’t ‘get high’). 
And  the  Cannabidiol  Concentrate  has  been  shown  to  exhibit  several  biological  actions 
including:  anticonvulsive,  sedative,  hypnotic,  antipsychotic,  anti‐inflammatory,  and 
neuroprotective  properties  (and  is  in  high  demand  for  epilepsy  patients;  with  over  22,000 
patients  on  one  farmer’s  waiting  list).    Current  wholesale  prices  for  the  concentrate  are 
approximately $16,000 per pound. 
Fiber:  Hemp stalk averages around 20‐30% bast fiber (the strong woody fiber obtained chiefly from 
the phloem of plants).  The basic markets for bast fibers include specialty textiles, papers (including 
specialty and recycled papers) and cordage (such as rope and canvas).  And one acre of hemp can 
produce six to ten tons per acre of hemp bast fiber.   
  4 
Hurds:    Approximately  70‐80%  of  the  stalk  is  composed  of  hurds  (the  woody  inner  portion).  
Essentially, hurds are the by‐products resulting from the extraction of the bast fibers from the stalk.  
Hurds are 50 ‐ 70% cellulose (lending itself to paper, particleboard, biodegradable plastics, composite 
building  materials,  and  animal  bedding).    And  one  acre  of  hemp  can  produce  twenty‐five  tons  of 
hemp hurd fiber. 
Paper Pulp:  Industrial hemp fibers cannot be easily separated into pulp fibers of consistent quality 
without  specialized  machinery.    Pulping  hemp  fibers  can  be  accomplished  by  either  traditional 
mechanical pulping techniques, or traditional chemical pulping techniques, or a combination therein.  
The latest Dutch research shows that a chemi‐mechanical pulping process may prove to be the most 
cost‐effective for hemp pulp.  And according to the Dutch Institute for Agrotechnolgical Endeavors, 
the average hemp pulp and paper mill produces about 5,000 tons per year, compared to a minimum 
of 250,000 tons for a wood fiber pulp mill. 
Seeds and Oil:  Similar to soybeans, pressed hemp seeds are comprised of seed oil and seed cake (or 
meal).  The seed is approximately 30‐35% oil by weight and can be used for food.  The seed cake 
contains 25% protein (as well as essential vitamins and minerals) and can be used as a supplement to 
wheat  flour.    However,  due  to  the  high  content  of  polyunsaturated  oils,  hemp  seed  oil  is  fairly 
unstable and becomes rancid rather quickly unless preserved. 
In fact, an acre of hemp can produce 8,000 pounds of hemp seed.  And when that hemp seed is cold‐
pressed, the 8,000 pounds of hemp seeds yield over 300 gallons of hemp seed oil, as well as 6,000 
pounds of high protein hemp flour (seed cake). Hemp seed produces three times more oil per acre 
than the next most productive seed oil crops, over 300 gallons per acre, with a byproduct of 3 tons of 
food per acre.  Hemp seed oil is also far more nutritious and beneficial to our health than any other 
seed oil crop. 
 
Hemp Nutrition 
The hemp seed is one of the most balanced sources of omega‐3 and omega‐6 essential fatty acids 
(EFAs) around.  Studies link many common ailments to an imbalance and deficiency of EFAs in the 
typical Western diet: too much omega‐6, and not enough omega‐3. 
Fish  and  fish  oils  are  typically  recommended  because  they  provide  the  omega‐3  derivatives,  but 
consumers are concerned about mercury/radioactive contamination of fish (which has led the FDA to 
warn pregnant women and nursing mothers to restrict their fish intake). 
Hemp's  omega  profile  is  a  good  alternative  to  fish.    The  seeds  also  provide  other  phytonutrients, 
including  phyto‐sterols  and  carotenes,  as  well  as  vitamin  E,  calcium,  magnesium,  and  potassium.  
Hemp  oil  is  the  richest  known  source  of  polyunsaturated  essential  fatty  acids,  and  is  also  rich  in 
gamma linoleic acid (GLA), a rare nutrient also found in coconut oil and mother's milk. 
  5 
Modern Hemp  
A  Colorado  company  is  using  hemp  to  fight  the  spread  of  staph  infections  in  hospitals.    Various 
chemicals found in hemp fabric possess antibacterial and antifungal properties.  Traditional cotton 
and polyester fabrics help bacteria survive for months at a time. 
Insulation  made  from  hemp  is  quickly  becoming  a  popular  eco‐friendly  alternative  to  traditional 
insulation  materials  like  mineral  wool.      Hemp  is  also  carbon‐negative  (absorbs  more  greenhouse 
gases than emitted during the production process).  Hemp has also found its way into concrete mixes.  
Hempcrete can be used for a variety of construction needs, from walling to roof insulation to flooring.  
On  top  of  being  carbon‐negative,  hempcrete  is  said  to  be  easier  to  work  with  and  has  natural 
insulating  and  moisture  regulating  properties.    Hemp  bricks  also  lack  the  brittleness  of  traditional 
concrete and thus do not require expansion joints. 
Hemp  composite  can  be  found  in  nearly  all  mass  production  automobiles.    And  that’s  because 
biocomposite made from hemp fiber is just as strong as fiberglass, but incredibly lightweight.  With 
fuel economy becoming a primary focus of all carmakers, hemp composite will only become more 
common in cars.  And graphene is often touted as the future of nanotechnology, and the thinnest, 
strongest,  and  lightest  material  ever  made;  and  earlier  this  year,  chemical  engineers  from  the 
University of Alberta turned hemp fiber into a nanomaterial with similar properties as graphene, but 
at a much lower price. 
What’s more, when it comes to making energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, the 
hemp nanomaterial showed “superior electrochemical storage properties” compared to graphene.  
Research is still in its early stages, but if the results hold, hemp could eventually be used for a wide 
range of nanotechnology applications, from flashlights to solar cells. 
 
Medical Cannabis Science 
Medical cannabis research has moved forward over the years, but the breakthroughs made in 2013 
were truly significant: 
Evidence that cannabidiols (CBD’s) can help in a wide range of Epileptic conditions dates back to the 
seventies; and there are even more recent studies proving that cannabis helps in pediatric epilepsy. 
Scientists  provide  first  clinical  evidence  that  cannabidiols  (CBD’s)  helps  in  Crohn’s  disease.    The 
cannabidiols helped patients wean themselves from dependency on steroid‐based medications and 
improved their appetite and sleep, with no significant side effects. 
Scientists provide first clinical evidence that cannabidiols (CBD’s) help in Parkinson’s disease.  The 
results showed clear improvements in symptoms of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.  Patients also 
reported a dramatic reduction in pain, which led to improvements in sleep. 

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U.S. Hemp Farming

  • 1.   1  THE COLORADO ‘GREEN BUFFALO’ ASSOCIATION  (CGBA)    The Purpose of this document is to raise money for a Colorado Hemp Farm that includes  a ‘Cannabidiol (CBD) Concentrate’ Processing Lab, and a Hemp Food & Fiber Processing Plant:  Due to the lack of infrastructure, as well as the lack of processing facilities, the commercial hemp  market  in  the  United  States  makes  projections  extremely  speculative.    However,  according  to  the  ‘Midlands Naturalist’, as well as 2013 wholesale prices, an acre of hemp produces:  Quantity  Unit Size  ?  Total Per Acre  Equals    1  Acre  Hemp Field  8000 Seeds  300  Gallons Hemp Seed Oil        300 Gallons @ $30 per  $9,000  Hemp Seed Oil per Acre  8000  Seeds  Hemp Oil Byproduct  6000 Pounds @ $2 per  $12,000  Hemp Flour per Acre          $21,000  JUST FROM SEEDS    Quantity  Unit Size  ?  Total Per Acre  Equals    1  Acre  Hemp Field  Raw Bails of Stalk  31  Tons of Raw Stalk        31 Tons @ $75 per  $2,300  Raw Stalk per Acre  or (more equipment and labor needed for value added separation)  1  Acre  Hemp Field  Bast Fiber  6  Tons of Bast Fiber        6 Tons @ $1000 per  $6,000  Bast Fiber per Acre  1  Acre  Hemp Field  Hurds  25  Tons of Hurds        25 Tons @ $300 per  $7,500  Hurds per Acre          $12,500  JUST FROM STALKS    U.S. Industrial Hemp Production  Currently,  the  Controlled  Substance  Act  makes  it  illegal  to  raise  industrial  hemp  (Cannabis  Sativa)  commercially without a permit from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).  However, numerous state  and national initiatives are working to return industrial hemp production to the United States.  In fact, the 2014 Farm Bill includes a provision that allows institutions of higher education to grow or  cultivate industrial hemp.  This provision allows universities to study industrial hemp for its possible  future use as a commercial product.  The federal provision also allows states (which have legalized  hemp) to legally transport it across state lines.  Currently,  American  Hemp  Farmers  must  compete  with  substantial  production  subsidies  in  the  European Union (approximately half the value of the crop) and in parts of Eastern Europe.  Labor  costs for both harvesting and processing are significantly lower in many regions outside of the United  States.    And  it  is  important  to  remember  that  harvested  hemp  is  very  bulky,  and  that  minimizing  transport distance between processing centers (at least first stage) is advantageous.   
  • 2.   2  Colorado Industrial Hemp Production  (CRS  §  25‐18.7‐101  to  105)  Colorado  now  permits  the  growing  of  industrial  hemp.    The  Colorado  Department  of  Agriculture’s  regulatory  role  with  Industrial  Hemp  is  limited  to  registration  of  cultivators and inspection of crops.  The State of Colorado has no jurisdiction over many other factors  that producers are faced with.  The following issues arise during the cultivation of industrial hemp in  the state of Colorado:  • Seed Procurement/Seed Quality ‐ Random sampling of hemp fields will be conducted.  Plant  samples testing at levels higher than 0.3% THC will be in violation of the Colorado Industrial  Hemp Registration and Production Act (and a THC level over 1% is forbidden).  • Federal farm programs such as crop insurance, farm loans, and conservation reserve; may be  jeopardized if industrial hemp is planted (these programs are managed by the USDA).  • Processing  ‐  Industrial  hemp  must  be  processed  prior  to  shipment  out  of  Colorado.    It  is  unknown at this time how many processing facilities will be available during harvest.  • Registration deadline ‐ is May 1 of each year, beginning in 2014.    Canadian Industrial Hemp Production  Detailed market information for hemp seed isn't readily available.  One report compiled by Alberta  Agriculture and Rural Development estimates gross revenue for Canadian hemp seed production at  around $35 million.   Canada has allowed the commercial production of industrial hemp for seed and for fiber since 1998.  More than 100 Canadian farmers are currently taking advantage of the market for hemp and are  growing the crop (Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada).  According  to  the  Canadian  Hemp  Trade  Alliance  (CHTA),  Canadian  farmers  planted  nearly  39,000  acres of hemp in 2011.  Canadian farmers are reporting net profits of $200 to $250 per acre.  In 2010,  exports of Canadian hemp seed and hemp products were valued at more than $10 million.  Most  Canadian hemp exports go to the United States.    Hemp Cultivation  Industrial  hemp  has  the  capacity  to  grow  in  a  multitude  of  different  climates,  altitudes,  soils  and    weather conditions.  Hemp is sown during April or May and typically planted densely in rows (at least  150 plants per square meter to maximize fiber production; and about one‐fifth that density if grown  for  seed  production).    Drilling  is  recommended  for  uniformity,  using  a  standard  grain  drill  or  a  modified  alfalfa  seeder.    It  is  also  recommended  that  the  ground  be  non‐compacted  and  well‐ drained, using only light cultivation.  Small amounts of herbicides may be required, although pesticide  use would probably not be necessary, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the spring, with  similar application rates to that of corn.   
  • 3.   3  Very little else is required until harvest (with the exception of irrigation if precipitation is less than  200mm over the course of the growing period).  Most fiber varieties reach 10 to 12 feet tall in 3 to 4  months time (with a full range of 6‐16 feet), with very little foliage produced.  In late summer the  plants are harvested and the foliage is returned to the soil.  And the hemp ‘deep tap‐root’ draws up subsoil nutrients and then, when the leaves fall from the  plant  to  the  ground,  they  return  these  nutrients  to  the  topsoil  for  the  next  crop  rotation  (hemp  should be one of the three annual crop rotations, per farming field, to produce the best results).    Seed Cost Estimates   Certified seed, the most expensive production cost item, imported into Canada costs about $2000 per  ton,  of  which  roughly  half  is  transportation  costs  from  Europe  (viable  seeds  are  not  currently  available in Canada or the United States), and most certified seed containing 0.3% THC or less comes  from  France.    It  is  reasonable  to  assume  that  this  cost  estimate  would  also  apply  to  American  producers.  Further, since no varieties have been specifically adapted to North American production,  yields may be slightly less than average, particularly during early years of commercial production.     Hemp Processing  Industrial  hemp  is  grown  for  its  fiber  (outer  bark),  hurds  (woody  inner  core  of  the  stalk),  seeds  (primarily  for  hemp  oil),  and  Cannabidiol  (CBD)  Concentrate  (from  the  residual  flowers  after  seed  extraction).  The fiber length and cellulose and lignin content are key quality parameters as well.  Concentrate:  After the seeds are extracted, the residual flowers produce a valuable medicine.   This medicine is called ‘the Cannabidiol (CBD) Concentrate’.  The cannabidiol concentrate has  extremely low levels of THC (less than .03%) and high levels of CBD’s (up to 40% cannabidiols  in the plant resin).  Cannabidiol (CBD) is a class of diverse cannabinoid compounds that act on  cannabinoid receptors throughout the body and mind.  CBD’s display no psychoactivity (users  don’t ‘get high’).  And  the  Cannabidiol  Concentrate  has  been  shown  to  exhibit  several  biological  actions  including:  anticonvulsive,  sedative,  hypnotic,  antipsychotic,  anti‐inflammatory,  and  neuroprotective  properties  (and  is  in  high  demand  for  epilepsy  patients;  with  over  22,000  patients  on  one  farmer’s  waiting  list).    Current  wholesale  prices  for  the  concentrate  are  approximately $16,000 per pound.  Fiber:  Hemp stalk averages around 20‐30% bast fiber (the strong woody fiber obtained chiefly from  the phloem of plants).  The basic markets for bast fibers include specialty textiles, papers (including  specialty and recycled papers) and cordage (such as rope and canvas).  And one acre of hemp can  produce six to ten tons per acre of hemp bast fiber.   
  • 4.   4  Hurds:    Approximately  70‐80%  of  the  stalk  is  composed  of  hurds  (the  woody  inner  portion).   Essentially, hurds are the by‐products resulting from the extraction of the bast fibers from the stalk.   Hurds are 50 ‐ 70% cellulose (lending itself to paper, particleboard, biodegradable plastics, composite  building  materials,  and  animal  bedding).    And  one  acre  of  hemp  can  produce  twenty‐five  tons  of  hemp hurd fiber.  Paper Pulp:  Industrial hemp fibers cannot be easily separated into pulp fibers of consistent quality  without  specialized  machinery.    Pulping  hemp  fibers  can  be  accomplished  by  either  traditional  mechanical pulping techniques, or traditional chemical pulping techniques, or a combination therein.   The latest Dutch research shows that a chemi‐mechanical pulping process may prove to be the most  cost‐effective for hemp pulp.  And according to the Dutch Institute for Agrotechnolgical Endeavors,  the average hemp pulp and paper mill produces about 5,000 tons per year, compared to a minimum  of 250,000 tons for a wood fiber pulp mill.  Seeds and Oil:  Similar to soybeans, pressed hemp seeds are comprised of seed oil and seed cake (or  meal).  The seed is approximately 30‐35% oil by weight and can be used for food.  The seed cake  contains 25% protein (as well as essential vitamins and minerals) and can be used as a supplement to  wheat  flour.    However,  due  to  the  high  content  of  polyunsaturated  oils,  hemp  seed  oil  is  fairly  unstable and becomes rancid rather quickly unless preserved.  In fact, an acre of hemp can produce 8,000 pounds of hemp seed.  And when that hemp seed is cold‐ pressed, the 8,000 pounds of hemp seeds yield over 300 gallons of hemp seed oil, as well as 6,000  pounds of high protein hemp flour (seed cake). Hemp seed produces three times more oil per acre  than the next most productive seed oil crops, over 300 gallons per acre, with a byproduct of 3 tons of  food per acre.  Hemp seed oil is also far more nutritious and beneficial to our health than any other  seed oil crop.    Hemp Nutrition  The hemp seed is one of the most balanced sources of omega‐3 and omega‐6 essential fatty acids  (EFAs) around.  Studies link many common ailments to an imbalance and deficiency of EFAs in the  typical Western diet: too much omega‐6, and not enough omega‐3.  Fish  and  fish  oils  are  typically  recommended  because  they  provide  the  omega‐3  derivatives,  but  consumers are concerned about mercury/radioactive contamination of fish (which has led the FDA to  warn pregnant women and nursing mothers to restrict their fish intake).  Hemp's  omega  profile  is  a  good  alternative  to  fish.    The  seeds  also  provide  other  phytonutrients,  including  phyto‐sterols  and  carotenes,  as  well  as  vitamin  E,  calcium,  magnesium,  and  potassium.   Hemp  oil  is  the  richest  known  source  of  polyunsaturated  essential  fatty  acids,  and  is  also  rich  in  gamma linoleic acid (GLA), a rare nutrient also found in coconut oil and mother's milk. 
  • 5.   5  Modern Hemp   A  Colorado  company  is  using  hemp  to  fight  the  spread  of  staph  infections  in  hospitals.    Various  chemicals found in hemp fabric possess antibacterial and antifungal properties.  Traditional cotton  and polyester fabrics help bacteria survive for months at a time.  Insulation  made  from  hemp  is  quickly  becoming  a  popular  eco‐friendly  alternative  to  traditional  insulation  materials  like  mineral  wool.      Hemp  is  also  carbon‐negative  (absorbs  more  greenhouse  gases than emitted during the production process).  Hemp has also found its way into concrete mixes.   Hempcrete can be used for a variety of construction needs, from walling to roof insulation to flooring.   On  top  of  being  carbon‐negative,  hempcrete  is  said  to  be  easier  to  work  with  and  has  natural  insulating  and  moisture  regulating  properties.    Hemp  bricks  also  lack  the  brittleness  of  traditional  concrete and thus do not require expansion joints.  Hemp  composite  can  be  found  in  nearly  all  mass  production  automobiles.    And  that’s  because  biocomposite made from hemp fiber is just as strong as fiberglass, but incredibly lightweight.  With  fuel economy becoming a primary focus of all carmakers, hemp composite will only become more  common in cars.  And graphene is often touted as the future of nanotechnology, and the thinnest,  strongest,  and  lightest  material  ever  made;  and  earlier  this  year,  chemical  engineers  from  the  University of Alberta turned hemp fiber into a nanomaterial with similar properties as graphene, but  at a much lower price.  What’s more, when it comes to making energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, the  hemp nanomaterial showed “superior electrochemical storage properties” compared to graphene.   Research is still in its early stages, but if the results hold, hemp could eventually be used for a wide  range of nanotechnology applications, from flashlights to solar cells.    Medical Cannabis Science  Medical cannabis research has moved forward over the years, but the breakthroughs made in 2013  were truly significant:  Evidence that cannabidiols (CBD’s) can help in a wide range of Epileptic conditions dates back to the  seventies; and there are even more recent studies proving that cannabis helps in pediatric epilepsy.  Scientists  provide  first  clinical  evidence  that  cannabidiols  (CBD’s)  helps  in  Crohn’s  disease.    The  cannabidiols helped patients wean themselves from dependency on steroid‐based medications and  improved their appetite and sleep, with no significant side effects.  Scientists provide first clinical evidence that cannabidiols (CBD’s) help in Parkinson’s disease.  The  results showed clear improvements in symptoms of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.  Patients also  reported a dramatic reduction in pain, which led to improvements in sleep.