CEPT UNIVERSITY

1. MECHANICS AND TYPES OF WINGS OF AIR PLANES
EFFORTS BY :- DAVE MAADHAV UC1416
JIGNESH CHANDERA UC1016
ALOK PRAJAPATI UC4916
MANISH SUTHAR UC3216
GUIDED BY :- PROF MUMUKSHU TRIVEDI

2. In most modern airplanes, the fuel tanks either are an integral part
of the wing structure, or consist of flexible containers mounted
inside of the wing. Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the
wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons
and flaps. Ailerons extend from about the midpoint of each
wing outward toward the tip and move in opposite directions to
create aerodynamic forces that cause the airplane to roll. Flaps
extend outward from the fuselage to near the midpoint of each
wing. The flaps are normally flush with the wing´s surface during
cruising flight. When extended, the flaps move simultaneously
downward to increase the lifting force of the wing for takeoffs and
landings.
Wing Structure

3. Wing Structure of an airplane

4. How Lift is Generated ?
• The basic principle behind an lift is described by Bernoulli's
theorem.
• “Air that travels over the top surface of the airfoil has to travel
faster and thus gains dynamic pressure. The subsequent loss of
static pressure creates a pressure difference between the
upper and lower surfaces that is called lift and opposes the
weight of an aircraft (or thrust that opposes drag)”.
• As the angle of attack (the angle between the chord line and
relative air flow) is increased, more lift is created. Once the
critical angle of attack is reached (generally around 14 degrees)
the airfoil will stall.

5. http://www.grc/nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/shape.html

6. A wing creates lift due to a combination of
Bernoulli’s Principal & Newton’s Third Law

7. Bernoulli’s Principal: pressure
variation around the wing results in a
net aerodynamic pushing up.

8. • Airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage
• Main lifting surfaces
• Various design size and shape
• May be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the
fuselage
- High-wing, mid-wing, and low-wing
• The number of wings can also vary
- Monoplanes, biplanes
WING

9. Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air
below the wing creates greater pressure
and pushes up.

10. • Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the wing’s length to its chord line.
• Camber: The name given to the curvature of the upper or lower
surfaces of the wing.
• Chord Line: The theoretical line running from the leading edge of
the wing to the trailing edge.
• Leading Edge: The front edge of an aircraft’s wing.
• Trailing Edge: The rear edge of an aircraft’s wing.
Wing Construction & Mathematics

12. Types of WinG
• Aircraft designers have designed several wing
types that have different aerodynamic
properties. These have different shapes and
attach to the aircraft body at different angles
at different points along the fuselage. Not all
of these planes have a practical use – some
have just been use for research.

13. Based on Structure

15. Ford Trimotor
Straight wings
The conventional straight wing extends out from the fuselage at approximately right angles. On early
biplanes, one wing often was suspended above the fuselage by some sort of bracing supports while the
second crossed directly under the fuselage. On monoplanes, designers positioned the wings at different
heights depending on the design-some crossed above the fuselage while others were attached at the
lower part of the fuselage. Mainly It’s a Long wing of consistent width and perpendicular to the fuselage;
it is found on low-speed planes such as cargo and light planes.

16. B-47
Swept-back wings
The swept-back wing extends backward from the
fuselage at an angle. Mainly it’s a Arrow-shaped wing
that is found on jet planes.

17. Delta Dagger
Delta wings
The delta wing looks much like a triangle when viewed from above (or
the Greek letter "delta" Δ.) It sweeps sharply back from the fuselage with
the angle between the front of the wing (the leading edge) often as high
as 60° and the angle between the fuselage and the trailing edge (the
back edge of the wing) at around 90°. The tip of a delta wing is often, but
not always, cut off. It’s a type of Thin triangular wing that is especially
aerodynamic.

18. X-29
Forward-swept wings
The forward-swept wing gives an airplane the appearance of
flying backward. The wing is angled toward the front of the
aircraft and is usually attached to the airplane far back on the
fuselage. A small wing called a canard is often attached to the
fuselage near the front on this type of aircraft.

19. MiG-23
Variable-sweep wings
A variable-sweep wing can be moved during flight-usually
between a swept-back position and a straight position.

20. B-35
Flying wing
The flying wing is an aircraft design where the wing forms
virtually the entire airplane and it sweeps back from the center
of the aircraft. The fuselage is a very narrow section in the
center that joins the wings without any seams.

21. Thank You