1) What is Fiber Optics? 2) Structure of Fiber Optics. 3) Modes of Fiber Optics. 4) How It Is made. 5) Communication System. 6) Evolution of Fiber Optics. 7) Advantages/ Disadvantages. 8) Applications of Fiber Optics. 9) Conclusion.

1. In the name of Allah
the Most Beneficent the Most Merciful.

2. Fiber Optics Technology

3. Brief flow of presentation
1. What is Fiber Optics?
2. Structure of Fiber Optics.
3. Modes of Fiber Optics.
4. How it is made?
5. Fiber Optics communication system.
6. Evolution of Fiber Optics.
7. Advantages / Disadvantages of Fiber Optics.
8. Applications of Fiber Optics.
9. Conclusion.

4. What is Fiber Optics?
An Fiber Optics is a hair thin cylindrical
fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric
medium.
The fiber which are used for optical
communication are wave guides made of
transparent dielectrics.
Its function is to guide visible and infrared
light over long distances.

5. Structure of Fiber Optics

6. Core
Central tube of very thin size made up of optically
transparent dielectric medium and carries the light
form transmitter to receiver. The core diameter can
vary from about 5um to 100 um.
Cladding
Outer optical material surrounding the core having
reflecting index lower than core. It helps to keep the
light within the core throughout the phenomena of
total internal reflection.

7. Buffer Coating
Plastic coating that protects the fiber made of
silicon rubber.
Outer Jacket
Hundred & thousands of theses optical fiber are
arranged in bundles in optical cables. These
bundles are protected by the cable’s outer covering,
called a jacket.

8. Modes Of Fiber
The Optical Fiber have two modes
Single Mode
&
Multi Mode

9. Single Mode
Single Mode cable is a single stand of glass fiber
with a diameter of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one
mode of transmission. Single-mode fiber gives you
a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more
distance than multimode, but it also costs more.
Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than
multimode.

10. Multi Mode
Multimode cable is made of glass fibers, with
common diameters in the 50-to-100 micron range.
Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high
speeds over medium distances. However, in long
cable runs (greater than 3000 feet), multiple paths
of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving
end, resulting in an unclear and incomplete data
transmission.

11. How Fiber Optics is made?
Three Steps are Involved in the
manufacturing of the Fiber Optics which are
given below:
Making a Preform Glass Cylinder
Drawing the Fiber’s from the preform
Testing the Fiber

12. Fiber Optics
Communication System
Information
source
Electrical
source
Optical
source
Fiber Optics
cable
Optical
detector
Electrical
receive
Destination

13. Evolution of Fiber Optics
 1880 – Alexander Graham Bell
 1930 – Patents on tubing
 1960 – Laser first used as light source
 1965 – High loss of light discovered
 1970s – Refining of manufacturing process
 1980s – OF technology becomes backbone of
long distance telephone networks in NA.

14. Advantages
1) The life of fiber is longer than copper wire
2) Handling and installation costs of Fiber Optics is
very nominal
3) It is unaffected with electromagnetic interference
4) Attenuation in Fiber Optics is lower than coaxial
cable or twisted pair.
5) There is no necessity of additional equipment for
protecting against grounding and voltage problems.
6) As it does not radiates energy any antenna or
detector cannot detects it hence provides signal
security

15. Disadvantage
1) Highly skilled staff would be required for
maintenance
2) Only point to point working is possible on Fiber
Optics
3) Precise and costly instruments would be
required
4) Costly if under utilized.
5) Jointing of fiber and splicing is also time
consuming.

16. Applications
Fiber Optics have wider range of application in
almost all field, some are been specified below
1. In telecommunication field
2. In space applications
3. Broadband applications
4. Computer applications
5. In medical applications
6. In military applications etc.

17. Conclusion
This concludes our study of Fiber Optics
communications have looked at how they
work and how they are made. We have
examined the properties of fibers, and how
fibers are joined together. Although this
presentation does not cover all the aspects of
Fiber Optics work it will have equipped you
knowledge and skills essential to the fiber
optic industry.

19. Any Questions?