2. Gases in extremely thin air absorb X-
rays and short-wave radiation raising
temperature to 1000oC or higher
Temperatures as low as -140oC
Meteors burn up from friction with air molecules
Ozone layer is thickest at 25-30 km
99% of atmosphere (by weight)
is below 30 km
6. PM2.5 = fine particles
Air Quality Forecast:
http://www.airnow.gov/
PM10 = coarse particles
Smoky Mountains
clear day
Smoky Mountains
• Average adult breathes 3,000 gallons of air per day hazy day
• Particle pollution can occur year-round
• People can reduce exposure by checking daily air quality forecast and if it is bad
they should limit strenuous outdoor activities
• Children are most susceptible to particle pollution due to higher levels of physical
activity
• Cause asthma, chronic bronchitis, decreased lung function, premature death in
people with heart or lung disease
7. • •
•
–
•
Chemical Company Acquitted of Crime – New
York Times
asbestos
13. Electrical Generator – converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy usually by electromagnetic induction.
Electromagnetic Induction – discovered by Michael Faraday in 1830s,
current is produced when a conductor (e.g., copper wire) is moved back
and forth by a magnet, the magnet applies a force of the electrons in the
copper causing them to move, as you move the copper wire back and
forth past the magnet you produce an alternating current of electricity.
horseshoe
copper
magnet
disc
Simple Electric Generator:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU8GKV2TXxo&feature=related
14. Video, Electricity and Magnetism: Generating Electricity:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/41266-powering-
the-future-electricity-video.htm
15. Highly developed countries
consume much more energy than
developing countries.
In the USA, industry uses 42% of
energy > homes/businesses use
33% energy > transportation uses
25% energy.
Developing countries will demand
more energy due to increase in
population.
19. •
•
•
•
exposure to
original acid rain Black Forest, Germany
Effect of acid rain on a forest,
Czech Republic
20. Top Mercury Releases in Ohio
Three Ohio coal-fired power plants are among the top 50 in the nation for
mercury air pollution in 2008, according to a 2008 report released by the
Environmental Integrity Project in Washington D.C.
EPA Limit for mercury in bottled water:
2 ppb (0.002 milligrams / liter = 0.0076 mg/gal)
2 *
3
Ohio Plants Still Pumping out Mercury: *
http://www.dispatchpolitics.com/live/content/
local_news/stories/2010/03/18/copy/ohio-plants-still- 1
pumping-out-mercury.html?adsec=politics&sid=101 *
21. American Electric Power (AEP), Mountaineer Carbon Capture Video:
http://www.aep.com/environmental/climatechange/carboncapture/
32. -12%
*Pb (not shown
in this graph)
showed a -98%
decrease from
1970 to 2000
primarily due to
unleaded gas.
-45% -40% +20% -75%
33.
34. National Emissions Estimates
(fires and dust excluded)
For Common Pollutants and their Precursors
Millions of Tons Per Year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 178 170 144 120 102 94 81
Lead (Pb) 0.074 0.023 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 27 26 25 25 22 18 17
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) 30 27 23 22 17 15 15
Particulate Matter (PM)
PM10 6 4 3 3 2 2 2
PM2.5 NA NA 2 2 2 1 1
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 26 23 23 19 16 15 13
Totals 267 250 220 191 161 145 129
35. What the hell is a C.F.L.?
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/03/27/business/energy-environment/
1194838469595/green-inc-shedding-light-on-cfls.html?scp=1&sq=CFL&st=cse
