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What? Why? How? Graphic Novels
- 2. • Same format as comic books • Text & illustrations present information • Medium, not genre • Book-length, usually contain one story
- 3. A Graphic Novel Page Pages consist of a variety of elements • Panels-squares or rectangles that contain a single scene • Gutters-space between panels • Dialog Balloons-contain communication between/among characters • Thought Balloons-contain a character’s thoughts • Captions-contain information about a scene or character • Sound Effects-visual sound clues i.e.. Wonk! Pow!
- 4. How to Read a Graphic Novel Page Graphic novels are read left to right, just like traditional texts
- 5. Dialog Balloons dialog balloons are read left to right or top to bottom as is appropriate. 1 2 3 5 4
- 6. Sometimes it can get a little more complicated…
- 7. 1 3 2 4 But the basic left to right rule still applies to panels
- 8. and dialog balloons as well 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 9. Major Types
- 11. Humor
- 12. Non-Fiction
- 14. Fantasies
- 20. Personal Stories
- 22. Toon Books • For age 4+ • Can be read to or by children • Vetted by educators
- 26. • Manga=comic books • Period before WWII=beginning of modern manga Manga
- 27. How to read a Manga Page Unlike traditional western books, Manga is read right-to-left and “back” to “front” Often, if you start at what looks like the front of the Manga, you will see a message like this
- 28. Panels are read right to left 1 2 3 4 5
- 30. Common Manga Character Traits Large, expressive eyes Small noses Tiny mouths
- 31. Types of Manga • Shonen: teenage boys • Shojo: teenage girls • Shonen-ai / Yaoi=boys love
- 33. Popular & Respected • Read by everyone • Artists & writers well respected • Much anime based on manga
- 34. • perceived as subversive=attractive! • Ratings
- 35. • “God of Manga” Osamu Tezuka • Hayayo Miyazaki: anime & manga Names to Know
- 36. First comic “strip” • Appeared in New York World: 1895 • R. F. Outcault • Increased sales
- 37. Katzenjammer Kids • 1897 • Used word balloons • Used multiple panels to tell story
- 39. Early 20th Century • Windsor McCay – Chalk-talk artist – Broadway musical – Animated movie
- 40. Popularity Grows • By early 1900’s, over 150 strips in syndication • 1929: Tarzan • 1931: Dick Tracy
- 41. The Comic Book • 1933-reprints of comic strips • Initially free • 1935-original stories & characters • 10 cents each
- 42. Popular comics • Superman – First superhero – On newsstands: 1938 • Characters spun-off into radio & movies • Superheroes big during World War II
- 43. After WWII: crime, science fiction and horror comics
- 44. Shades of things to come… • The Spirit published as book-type supplement • National newspapers • Educated readers
- 45. 1950’s: comics in crisis! • Frederic Wertham • Comics examined by US Senate • Comics banned and burned
- 46. A New Beginning • Late 1950’s: Justice League of America born • 1961: Fantastic Four, Incredible Hulk, & Spiderman • 1960’s: Self-published underground comics
- 47. • 1978-Will Eisner coins term • 1986- Batman: the Dark Knight Returns • 1987- The Watchmen Milestones in the Graphic Novel World
- 48. • 1992- Maus: A Survivor’s Tale wins Pulitzer • 2005-”Graphix” imprint launched • 2006- American Born Chinese named NBA finalist for Young People’s Literature • 2007- American Born Chinese wins Printz Award for excellence in YA literature
- 49. • 2007 The Invention of Hugo Cabret finalist for NBA • 2008 Invention wins Caldecott
- 50. • 2007-YALSA creates new annual booklist: “Great Graphic Novels for Teens” • 2009-NYT Graphic Books Bestseller List • 2009- David Small’s Stitches NBA finalist
- 51. New Graphic Classics • Marvel Illustrated • IDW • Manga Shakespeare • Classical Comics
- 52. Educational GNs
- 55. Why Graphic Novels & Manga? • 6.3 million secondary school students reading below grade level. • Average American age 15-24 spends only 7 minutes of daily leisure time reading. • >57%of high schoolers devote 3 or more hours of an average school day to electronic viewing. • Students with access to variety of reading materials=higher average reading scores.
- 56. • Present complex material in readable text • Serve as a bridge to more difficult reading • Challenge readers of more traditional literature • Embrace nature of multimedia world • Fulfill NCTE’s “21st Century literacies” (multiple streams, simultaneous information) Graphic Novels & Manga:
- 57. • Public Library • Local comic stores • Book stores Checking Out Graphic Novels & Manga
- 58. Purchasing • Many traditional library suppliers offer graphic novel titles. • Local comic stores • Book stores
- 59. Collection Development Policies • Clear (enough) definition • Selection criteria • Maintenance • Challenges
- 60. Classification & Shelving • Within general collection • Format specific (PS, NC or 741.5) • Graphic Novel designation • DNC
- 61. Learning more about Graphic Novels & Manga! School Library Journal Library Journal Diamond Comics Bookshelf Cooperative Children’s Book Center Reviews & More
- 62. • Get Graphic! • Graphic Novel Resources: SUNY at Buffalo • First Second Books • Public Square Books
Editor's Notes
- Jay Hosler: PhD in Biology (teaches at Juniata College in Huntington, PA)
- Also: Give it Up! And other short stories by Kafka, The Jungle, Spy vs. Spy
- First comics created to be read by emerging readers Created by “veteran children’s book authors, renowned cartoonists, & new talent”
- Brian Selznick blends text and visual (text-less) narrative to produce more than an illustrated novel. Jeff Kinney Diary of a Wimpy Kid also uses pictures (with word balloons) to advance the story.
- From The Photographer: into war-torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders by Emmanuel Guibert published by First Second
- Manga is the Japanese word for comics-literally translated it means “whimsical pictures” Mid 1990s=came to US
- Tokyopop: JAPANESE traslations are right-to-left KOREAN translations are left-to-right
- Osamu Tezuka began large eye trend (1960s), influenced by Disney & Betty Boop cartoons YOUTHFUL FEATURES=more attractive character Also lots of eminata
- These denote the demographic group at whom the manga is marketed and usually indicates what kind of story it will be. Shonen: more sports, contests, fighting Shjo: more relationships, character development Shonen-ai=FEMALE ORIENTED homoerotic/homoromantic male relationships USUALLY CREATED BY FEMALE AUTHORS
- Both children & adults reach high level of manga literacy in Japan “Manga helps to release tension from the controlled work/school environment“ and helps teach people about the BELIEFS, VALUES AND PRACTICES of the culture
- Read “backwards” / cultural cues=subversive! Viz BIG TITLES Tokyopop BIG TITLES
- Tezuka: Ambassador Atom=Mighty Atom=Astro Boy, Astro Boy=mark of rise of manga of contemporary Japan also: Adolf, Buddha Hiyayo Miyazaki=Spirited Away (first anime to win Academy Award), Howl’s Moving Castle, Princess Mononoke, Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind
- NYWorld=Pulitzer Outcault also created BUSTER BROWN
- The Katzenjammers combined internal dialogue and panelized continuity, and designed and solidified the form of the modern visual narrative strip.
- Ran 1905-1911 in NY Herlad + 1911-1914 in Hearst’s Journal American paper
- over 150 strips in syndication *(this doesn’t include the ones running only in local papers) Dick Tracy’s villains were direct predecessors of super villains.
- Superman teenagers: Jerry Siegel & Joe Shuster (Title: Superman of Metropolis)-Jewish teens influenced by superhero figures of Jewish folklore? Comic book sales soared during WWII. *SUPERHEROES had young male sidekicks so that they would be seen as FATHER FIGURES by boys who had fathers off fighting the war.*
- Recent DEATH OF CAPTAIN AMERICA and new REBIRTH OF CAPTAIN AMERICA
- Began as supplement in 1940 Also: CLASSICS ILLUSTRATED educational gns w/support material included
- investigation into Juvenile Delinquency
- SATURATION of market w/Superhero comics to the detriment of all other types.
- Watchmen (Allen Moore / DC comics)=one of 1st superhero GNs to present itself as serious literature Only GN to: Win Hugo Award Appear on Time Magazine’s “100 Best English Language Novels 1923-Present (2005)”
- Graphix=BONE (originally self-published in black and white, Scholastic began publishing color version in 2004)
- Brian Selznick blends text and visual (text-less) narrative to produce more than an illustrated novel. Jeff Kinney Diary of a Wimpy Kid also uses pictures (with word balloons) to advance the story.
- Marvel Illustrated DOWNLOADABLE teacher guides IDW=Idea and Design Works Classical Comics=UK publisher
- Ottaviani: Masters in NUCLEAR ENGINEERING Fallout: science & politics of first nuclear bomb Mohwawk: written from primary source document.
- Manga Guide to Statistics
- And there has already been Spiderman storylines with Obama as a character
- About 93 percent of U.S. teens use the Internet and 97 percent play video or computer gaming systems, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project.
- Help ESL students Help students learning non-English language Help stuents learn about different cultures
- 741.5 Cartoons, caricatures, comics, graphic novels, fotonovelas PS=American Literature PL=Manga (Asian Literature) NC=Drawing, Design
- LJ=youth & ADULT gn reviews
- First Second: *Show trailer for LOST COLONY