For the matter of Sustainable Development By: Diana Tovar

1. Cleaner Production
Unit 4 Modified Scenarios
Industrial Engineering
Subject: Sustainable Development
Teacher: Carlos Loyola
Student: Diana Alejandra Tovar Esquivel
Control Number: 17051269
March 21, 2019.
Technological Institute of Saltillo

2. Introduction
In order to achieve sustainable industrial development, it is necessary
that these industries plan and make decisions considering the
environment. If these industries carry out sustainable strategies within
them, there will be a reduction of raw materials not only from a "local
scale" but also to a "global scale," thus generating not only reduce or
prevent environmental impacts caused by the production of it, but
would also generate greater efficiency within the industry. A strategy
that helps precisely this, is the "Cleaner Production", then define this
concept, its methodologies and benefits.

3. What is Cleaner Production?
Definition:
According to UNIDO, Cleaner Production is the continuous
application of a preventive environmental strategy, integrated to
processes, products and services, which serves to increase total or
global efficiency and to reduce the risks for human beings and the
environment.

4. What is Cleaner Production?
The cleanest production, allows:
In general, it can be said that it is the continuous application of a preventive strategy or methodology within the
industry.
• In production processes, address the saving of raw materials
and energy, in addition to the elimination of toxic raw
materials and the reduction toxicity of waste and emissions.
• In the development and design of the product, mainly address
the reduction of negative impacts throughout the life cycle of
the products, from the extraction of raw materials to the
product or final disposal.
• In services, address the incorporation of environmental
considerations in the design and delivery of these services.

5. Principles of Cleaner Production
1. Principle of precaution:
Not only should situations that might be legally harmful be avoided, but
also ensure that workers are protected against irreversible health
problems and that the plant is protected from irreversible damage.
2. Preventive principle:
Prevention is an important point, especially in those cases where the
damage caused by a product or process is known. This principle indicates
the advanced search for changes in the production and consumption
chain. The preventive nature of Cleaner Production requires that the new
solution reconsider the design of the product, as well as consumer
demand, the patterns of consumption of materials and the basis of the
complete material of its economic activity.
The three principles of the cleanest production within a company are:

6. 3. Integration principle:
This principle implies the adoption of a holistic vision of the production cycle, in fact a method that allows
introducing this idea is the life cycle analysis. One of the difficulties with the preventive solution is the integration
of environmental protection measures across systemic borders.
Principles of Cleaner Production

7. For example, (within principle 3) the traditional end-of-
pipe regulation is usually applied to a specific point where
integrated process measures govern for the reduction of
pollutants. By reducing the need for emissions of such
substances into the environment, these measures then
provide integrated protection to the entire environment.
End of the Tube
Principles of Cleaner Production

8. When a cleaner production process is implemented within the industry, the reflection "What to do with the
waste?" Should answer, "what to do to not generate them?". The following diagram or map of integrated
environmental prevention, shows that the "base" points for the reduction of waste or emissions, which will
allow us to reach such prevention are the minimization and valorization, as shown.
Principles of Cleaner Production

9. Cleaner Production Strategies
As mentioned above, cleaner production is a preventive application in companies, whose main objective is to
"Minimize contaminants, emissions or discharges at the source, thus reducing not only the risks to human
health, but also in the environment, simultaneously raising their competitiveness. "
The techniques that help this objective, within the cleanest production, are:
a) Modification of the process (new practices):
It refers to the use of other alternative methods in order to improve the process of
developing a product in each and every step of the life cycle of the same, through
the implementation of better solutions, procedures, more appropriate processes,
best practices or similar, among others.

10. b) New technologies:
It refers to the implementation of new technologies in
the use of machinery and improvements in the
production processes and the elaboration of elements
that make possible the prevention in terms of the
reduction or control of the pollution generated by
them.
c) Internal recycling:
This refers to the process where raw materials such as
paper, glass, aluminum, plastic, etc., once its useful life
cycle is finished, it is transformed again into new
materials.
Cleaner Production Strategies

11. d) Substitution of raw materials:
This technique or strategy refers to the change or
replacement of materials or supplies necessary for the
manufacture of a product, by others with the same
characteristics or properties but with a lower level of impact
and pollution in the environment.
Cleaner Production Strategies

12. Phase 1: Commitment
Phase 2: Analysis of the stages of the process
Phase 3: Generation of cleaner production opportunities
Phase 4: Select the best solutions
Phase 5: Implement options or solutions
Phase 6: Maintain cleaner production
Cleaner Production Methodology
The methodology of the cleanest production
consists of 6 phases, these are:

13. Each phase contemplates the following aspects:
Phase I:
1. Designate a team
2. Make a list of priority operations.
3. Identify waste generating operations.
Phase III:
8. Generate waste minimization options.
9. Select viable options.
Phase II:
4. Prepare the flow diagram of the process.
5. Make a balance of mass and energy.
6. Assign costs to residual flows.
7. Review the process and identify the origin of the waste.
Cleaner Production Methodology

14. Phase IV:
10. Evaluate technical feasibility.
11. Evaluate financial viability.
12. Evaluate environmental aspects.
13. Select solutions for implementation.
Phase V:
14. Prepare the implementation
15. Implement waste minimization solutions.
16. Monitor and evaluate results.
Phase VI:
17. Maintain minimization solutions.
18. Identify new processes for the minimization of waste.
Cleaner Production Methodology

15. Cleaner production is a useful tool that allows us to systematically investigate production as well as identify
opportunities that can improve processes, products and services within the industry.
The emphasis to solve or reduce environmental problems is operated through these mentioned phases.
Cleaner Production Methodology

16. Produce cleaner, means:
• Reduce the volume of waste generated
• Save resources and raw materials
• Save treatment costs
• Modernize the productive structure
• Innovate in technology
• Improve the competitiveness of companies

17. A Cleaner Production, implies:
• "Rethink" products, processes and behavior patterns.
• Apply the cleanest production to prevention and treatment.
• Think about the affectation to value chains, previous and subsequent.
• Maintain or increase competitiveness
o Technical viability
o Economic feasibility
• Availability.
Applying the "cleaner production" methodology or strategy within the industry implies:

18. A Cleaner Production, implies:
• Conserve raw materials
• Conserve water and energy
• Eliminate toxic raw materials
• Reduce the amount and toxicity of waste and emissions to
water and the atmosphere
While in the processes, it involves:
For the products, it implies:
• Reduce the impacts throughout its life cycle, from obtaining
the raw materials to the final waste

19. Cleaner Production Application in the Industry
The strategies (examples) of Cleaner Production that can be made within the industry could be, in:
• The improvements in the process: the reduction and
control of times in the process, redesign of product,
adequate use of water.
• Good operating practices: consumption control, exhaust
detection, composting, control over lighting, use of
natural light, among others.
• The maintenance of equipment: the coating of tanks,
adequacy of rational consumption of equipment washing,
among others.

20. Cleaner Production Application in the Industry
In the waste or emissions, the following measures of cleaner production could be taken:
• For raw materials, not used: As for example, remains of plates, paper, varnish residues, coloring agents in
wastewater coming from, etc.
The measures or solutions would be: changes in technology, automation, careful use, training of personnel,
use of different raw materials, improvement in the maintenance of the reserve.

21. Cleaner Production Application in the Industry
• For impurities or secondary substances of raw
materials: As fuel ashes, oil and grease on metal
plates, peels and seeds in fruit processing, etc.
The measures or solutions would be: use of different raw
materials, search for other possibilities of exploitation.
• For Packaging material: Like cardboard, aluminum foil,
pallets, etc.
The measures or solutions could be: purchase guidelines,
returnable containers and recycling, to name a few.

22. Example of Cleaner Production in the Agricultural Sector
The agricultural sector is characterized by using a large amount of water mainly for the support of pastures,
where bovine and equine species are the most consumed. On the other hand, in the agricultural subsector the
largest amount of water corresponds to permanent crops such as bananas, coffee, sugarcane, among others.
Impacts:
• This sector contributes with the generation of polluting
organic loads, generally by post-harvest activities, by
washing products, machinery and containers.
• It also causes physical degradation of soils (erosion) and
loss of biodiversity (due to an increase in the agricultural
frontier), as well as the loss of genetic quality of crops
(due to poor rotation) and the contamination of soils by
the use of agrochemicals.
• The most important impact of this sector is related to the
generation of solid waste, composed of livestock manure
and organic matter generated in the harvesting process.

23. Effect:
These situations mainly affect our biodiversity, which also affects farmers and small-scale agricultural producers,
largely due to the inadequate use and degradation of the productive base of natural resources due to the
application of productive systems that generate negative imbalances between the process of extraction and
regeneration of natural resources.
Solution through the cleanest production:
The solution in this case would be to promote actions
for the management and productive use of renewable
natural resources, water, soil and vegetation cover
through soil conservation works, reforestation,
improved technology transfer and rural infrastructure
in the perspective of achieving a sustainable
agriculture
Example of Cleaner Production in the Agricultural Sector

24. Example of Cleaner Production in the Mining Sector
The environmental problems of the mining sector are
classified as impact on nature and landscape, loss of the
protective layer of groundwater cover, loss of flora and fauna,
changes in geographical relief and even changes in climate; as
well as impact on the use of land and impact on the quality of
life of nearby populations, this by noise, dust, vibrations by
explosions, among others.
Most of these impacts are due to exploitation systems with
very little technical and with little economic capacity to
address them.

25. • Water contamination by spills of polluting liquids, acids
and heavy metals.
• Pollution of the atmosphere by the emission of sulfurous
gases.
• Pollution of the soil by disposal of large quantities of
waste and tailings contaminants.
• Risks for the maintenance of large dams of active or
abandoned tailings.
Environmental Risks in mining activities:
Example of Cleaner Production in the Mining Sector

26. Benefits of the Mining Industry with the use of
Production:
• Increase in productive efficiency and higher
economic income.
• Decrease in the generation of waste and greater
environmental protection.
• Increase in competitiveness and ease of access to
international markets.
• Improvement of the public image and confidence in
the mining company by society and government.
Example of Cleaner Production in the Mining Sector

27. Advantages of Cleaner Production
Some of the advantages that a cleaner production generates are:
 Decrease in the environmental risk for health and work accidents.
 Economic savings of raw materials, water and energy.
 Savings in the management and treatment of waste streams.
 Improvement of the public image of the company.
 Increase in product quality.
 Reduction of products out of specifications.
 Rationalization of the work structure.
 Overcoming routine habitats and rethinking processes and procedures.
 Optimization of processes and resources.
 Facilitates compliance with the company's environmental requirements and allows its sustainable
development.

28. Conclusion
The cleanest production is the "preventive" application of techniques, strategies or methodologies, which within
any sector, company or industry, does not deny the growth of the same but "insists" that such growth is
sustainable. Every action that is carried out through it, in order to reduce the consumption of raw materials and
energy, as well as to prevent or reduce the generation of waste, can increase not only a large part the
productivity, it can also bring endless advantages or benefits to them, such as the optimization of processes
and resources, economic savings in raw materials, reduction of environmental risk, in addition to improving the
image of the company, as mentioned above.

29. Information Sources (APA)
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06/1-Textbook_0.pdf
 Varela, I. (n.d.). Definición de producción más limpia. Recovered from:
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4835815.pdf
 Z. (2009). Producción mas limpia. Recovered from: http://ecologiaindustrialahora.blogspot.com/2009/01/produccion-
mas-limpia.html
 Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production. (n.d.). Producción más limpia ¿Qué es?
Recovered from: http://www.cprac.org/es/sostenible/produccion/mas-limpia
 Wilson, N & Morales, C. (2015). Principios de la PMLI. Recovered from:
https://sites.google.com/site/pmli201511/principios-de-la-pmli
 Wilson, N & Morales, C. (2015). Estrategias. Recovered from: https://sites.google.com/site/pmli201511/tecnicas
 Wilson, N & Morales, C. (2015). Sector agropecuario. Recovered from:
https://sites.google.com/site/pmli201511/aplicacion-segun-sectores/sector-agropecuario
 Wilson, N & Morales, C. (2015). Sector minero. Recovered from: https://sites.google.com/site/pmli201511/aplicacion-
segun-sectores/sector-minero