o In Dar es Salaam, the Crop Trust presented the status and performance targets of the international crop collections.

2. Genebanks CRP
• Crop & tree diversity in
international collections under
Art 15 is secured in perpetuity
• Conserved crop & tree
germplasm is clean, available
and disseminated
2

3. Genebanks CRP
• Use of conserved crop and tree
diversity is informed and
facilitated
• Crop & tree diversity is
conserved within a
rationalized, cost-effective and
globalized system.
3

4. 60%
40%

5. Genebanks are Good Value!
• Cooperation 88 - C88
– 400,000 ha in China
– Economic benefits US$ 350 m/yr
• Kasetsart 50 - KU 50
– 1 million hectares in Thailand & Vietnam
– Aggregate economic benefits > US$ 97 million
“Only possible because of conserved germplasm in
genebanks” Robinson & Srinivasan, 2013
5

6. Genebanks are Good Value!
The 12 most popular accessions in the IRRI genebank
have been used in more than 1000 crosses each
6
Of 4,317 rice varieties
released, 90% non-IRRI
varieties and 100% IRRI
varieties had at least one
genebank accession in its
pedigree

7. Performance Indicators
• % of total collection available
(viable, disease-free, in sufficient
sample numbers)
• % of total collection secure in long
term storage/cryo and safety
duplicated plus in SGSV for seed
crops
7
> 90% Target

8. Performance Indicators
• % of total collection represented with
passport and characterization data
online
• Stage (from 1 to 5) in QMS
development
• Average overall satisfaction of
genebank users
• % of the collection that is disseminated
over a 10-yr period
• Cost efficiency (per accession cost, cost
per distribution, number staff)
8

9. Online Reporting Tool
9

10. 2013 Status of Availability
10
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
%
available
in
2012
%
available
in
2013
Target

11. 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
%
available
in
2012
%
available
in
2013
Target
2021
2013 Status of Availability
11
Of
the
725,000
accessions
held
by
the
CGIAR,
just
over
480,000
are
actually
available
for
immediate
distribuGon

12. 2013 Status of Availability
12
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Bioversity-­‐Banana
IITA-­‐Clonal
CIP-­‐Total
CIAT-­‐Cassava
%
available
in
2012
%
available
in
2013
Target

13. 2013 Status of Security
13
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
%
safety
duplicated
in
2012
%
safety
duplicated
in
2013
Target

14. 2013 Status of Security
14
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
%
safety
duplicated
in
2012
%
safety
duplicated
in
2013
Target
Of
the
725,000
accessions
held
by
the
CGIAR,
378,000
are
actually
available
for
immediate
distribuGon

15. 2013 Status of Security
15
0%
25%
50%
Bioversity-­‐Banana
CIP-­‐Total
CIAT-­‐Cassava
IITA-­‐Clonal
%
safety
duplicated
in
2012
%
safety
duplicated
in
2013
Target
2025

16. Findings
16
The majority of genebanks will not meet performance
targets by the end of 2016. We believe that they can
reach targets by 2021 through monitored, rationalized
and fully supported workplans.

17. External Reviews
17
• CGN-Netherlands
• Millennium Seed Bank-UK
• USDA
• EMBRAPA
• IPK-Germany
• FAO

18. Reviewers Comments
“The bank appears at a crossroad. A successful future depends on it being used to
maximum potential.”
“The operational procedures have grown organically as the need for them arose…
The procedures need objective review, critical or redundant areas identified and
addressed so that processes are streamlined and fully justifiable”
“staff [of two Centers] should engage in discussions and actions that will result in
a more rational approach to the conservation of PGR than is presently the case.
This should involve the clear delineation of responsibilities for different parts of
the genepool, agreement on the archiving of actively managed materials which
are held in duplication and concrete mechanisms for closer communication and
collaboration, including data sharing and resolution of taxonomic issues.”
18

19. Reviewers Comments
19
“A genebank must be, especially those
in the CGIAR system, a reliable
repository of germplasm for
conservation and access…According to
the current procedures, the genebank is
clearly failing in delivering…as one
third of the material is currently not
available even though it is presented on
the website. This situation is highly
undesirable and has the potential to
generate damage in terms of public
relations for both the genebank and the
entire CGIAR”

20. CGIAR is the Primary User
20
Picture: Neil Palmer/CIAT
Within
CGIAR
62%
Outside
CGIAR
38%
Within
CGIAR
69%
Outside
CGIAR
31%
Samples
Accessions
131,181 samples distributed in 2012
• 61,599 accessions within CGIAR
• 27,868 outside CGIAR

21. Cost-efficiency
21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ICRAF
ILRI
CIAT
Forages
CIAT
Beans
ICRISAT
CIMMYT
Maize
Africa
Rice
IRRI
ICARDA
IITA
CIMMYT
Wheat
USD
per
accession
cost
2012
2013

22. Cost-efficiency
22
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Bioversity
CIP
ICRAF
CIAT
Cassava
IITA
clonal
crops
USD
per
accession
cost
2012
2013

23. Findings
Funding allocations will never be equitable
between Centers nor cost-efficient as long as the
genebanks are running at different levels. We
believe we need to pursue other mechanisms than
the Costing Study.
23

24. Fund Disbursement Strategy
Principles and criteria of eligibility
• Materials are Annex 1/Art 15, accessible, important within a
rational system
Each holder:
Ø commits to long term conservation and availability
Ø works in partnership towards the global system
Ø has links to users
Ø has HR & management system to maintain PGR
Ø can demonstrate conformity with agreed standards
Ø has facilities that are adequate for LTS
24

25. Potential Funding Structure?
Matching funds:
Overheads, research FCR not related to direct
genebank use, capital depreciation
Incentive funding:
Available for activities that go beyond basic
genebanking according to performance & use
Fixed base funding:
Basic genebank staff, operations and facility
costs
25
Fixed Base Funding
Incentive Funding
Matching Funds

26. 26
Principles of Partnership
• Financial and performance commitment on both sides
• Based on a Business Plan which describes financing plan of
the collection (including cost recovery from use)
• Agreed Acquisition and Curation Policies. Deviations are
shared with the CropTrust.
• Performance targets are met before commitment is made for
long-term provision of Full Fixed Base Funding
• Transparent mechanism for retraction from agreement

27. Thank
you