spoken and written were created in order to cover people needs

1. Universidad Nacional de
Chimborazo
NAMES: CRISTINA HERRERA
JHONNA ARROBO
COURSE: 7TH SEMESTER “A “

2. Spoken Language, oral culture
It refers to how
participants in take up
various social roles in
a cultural space.
The spoken medium is
directly linked to the
time of its enunciation
and perception of the
verbal event
The two very different media
of speech and writing

3. Speech and writing
Oral cultures must have
experienced before the
invention of writing
Traces of orality have
remained both in speech
and writing

4. Characteristics of speech and writing
Speech is transient
rather tan permanent
To understand a message or
conversation the interlocutors
may not speak at the same
time

5. Writing as a
médium can easlily
lead people
It express is
permanent

6. Speech is additive, speakers
add connectors like and..
And,then in a conversation
Writing is hierarchically
ordered, the most important
ideas go on the top of a page
according to the cultural
convention

7. Speech is aggregative use of
verbal aggregates or formulaic
expressions and maintain the
contact between interlocutors
Writing has come to be viewed
as the médium that fosters
analysis, logical reasoning and
abstract categorization

8. Speech is redundant,
speakers tend to make
frequent use of repetition,
paraphrase
Written language doesn`t
have to make such demands
on short – term memory, it
tends to avoid redundancy

9. Speech is loosely structured grammatically and is
lexically sparse
• Writing, by contrast is grammatically compact and lexically
dense
Speech is characterized by false starts, filled and
unfilled pauses, hesitations, parenthetic remarks,
unfinished sentences.

10. Examples
 Written
Every previous visit had left me with a sense of the futility of further action on my part
 Spoken
“Whenever I´d visited there before, I´d ended up feeling that it would be futile if I tried to do
anything more”

11. Speech tends to be people centered,
speakers not only focus on their
topic, but try to engage their
listeners as well, and appeal to their
senses and emotions.
Writers of expositiory prose try to make
their messange as clear, unambiguous,
coherent, and trustworthy as possible.
Other written texts apeal to the reader`s
emotions.

12. Speech, being close to the situation at hand, is
context dependent and based on common
experience.

13. Spoken and writing languges may
be used in scribbed emo, e- mail
informal letter, academic lecture
scientific presentation scholary
article, and so on
The social structure of a discourse
community is reflected,
constructed and perpetuated by
the members use language to
define their position