1.
Sirjana Tiwari
School of Health and Allied Science,
Pokhara University
Application of public health from
medical model, spiritual model and
holistic model

2.
Medical model
 The medical model of health focuses on the physical
or biological aspects of disease , illness, disorder,
disability condition and attempts to (cure) return the
physical health of the person to a pre-illness state.
 It is a medical model of care practiced by doctors
and/or health professional and is associated with the
diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.

3.
Application of Medical model in Public
Health
 Example include:
 X-rays Diagnosis
 Identification , Scans of a disease or illness through a
doctor’s
 Blood Test observation,
 Through the Ultrasound use of specific diagnostic test
 Mammograms tests
 Biopsy test
 Pap smear tests Intervention/treatment
 Prescription Medicine to improve health and Hospitalization
of severe condition.

4.
Spiritual Health
 Spiritual health is achieved
when you feel at peace
with life. It is when you are
able to find hope and
comfort in even the
hardest of times chronic
disease.
4/6/2022
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5.
Spiritual Model
 Patients are considered as beings-in-relationship, and
illness is regarded as a disruptive force in the
biological relationships that can impact all other
relational aspects of the patient.
 spiritual model is routinely used in the clinical setting,
especially in taking care of patients dying from life-
threatening illnesses or condition.
 such as cancer, bubonic plague, or progressive
congestive heart failure and recently example is
severe covid-19 cases.

6.
Application of spiritual model in Public
Health
 Application of this model considering the constructs
of spiritual care model of : Sound Heart
1. Sensitizing and informing clients of consequences
of unhealthy lifestyle
2. High-risk behaviors
3. and adverse emotions, with a sense of perceived
threat, motivate clients to modify themselves.
4. The modification of four spiritual relationships
(with the nature, people, himself, God),

7.
Application spiritual model in patient with
covid-19 dying in isolation
 Four measures to help meet the
psychological and spiritual
needs of patients and their
families include:
(1) An integrative care approach
with palliative care and
primary care teams working
together.
(2) Early end-of-life care
discussions with the patient
and their family.
(3) The broader use of video
conferencing technology
within isolation precaution
units to facilitated virtual
connectedness with family.
(4) Increased shared decision
making with family and
discussions about a clear
post-COVID-19 exit strategy
(discharge or death).
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1845125

8.
Holistic model

9.
Holistic model
 In this model emotional, and spiritual wellbeing is
considered as important dimensions of individual.
 Efforts are to be taken to promote health as its optimal
level .
 Public health professional needs to have knowledge of
these therapies as these are congruent with public’s
belief, value towards health and life.
 Moreover, client may have practiced these therapies
by assisting their client in making choices to promote
health.

10.
Application of Holistic Model
 Here patients are involved in their own health care .
 It involve music therapy, massage therapy, laugher
therapy, biofeedback, guided imaginary, breathing
therapy
 .
 These are noninvasive, non- pharmacological and have
no side effects.
 The relaxation therapies basically distract client during
pain.
 Even breathing exercises help the client to deal with
pain, anxiety etc.

11.
Example: Development of health Promotion
Program for Individuals With Arthritis: Application
of holistic Model
 The main objectives of this
program is "minimization of
physical symptoms and
signs", "maximization of
psychological function", and
"maximization of role
performance in social
domain"
 Strategies includes
 knowledge on management
of arthritis
 efficacy related to arthritis
management
 skill for pain management
 skill for exercise
 establishment of positive
self-concept
 enhancement of positive
thinking
 stress management
 skill for problem solving
 skill for setting goals
 skill for requesting help and
 skill for communication
https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.314

12.
Thank You
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