This document discusses sustainable towns and cities. It notes that while urban areas only take up 2% of the world's area, they are home to 50% of the population and account for 75% of energy consumption and 80% of carbon emissions. The document then examines what future towns may look like and different scales of urban planning. It provides examples of sustainable towns and discusses tools like life cycle analysis that can help assess sustainability solutions for infrastructure, buildings, and usage. The document emphasizes involving all stakeholders in urban planning and development.

1. Sustainable town: fact & fiction
Christian CAYE, Sustainable Development Officer – Citizen Act – Feb. 2012
Maxime TROCMÉ, Environmental & Scientific Officer

2. VINCI, town stakeholder
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3. Did you know...?
Urban area / world area 2%
Urban population / total population 50%
Urban energy consumption 75%
Urban CO2 emissions 80%
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4. A changing world
Watch the video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_m9J1NTc0M
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5. What will the towns of the future look like?
New towns, or towns created “ex nihilo”
Fortified towns
Shrinking towns
Growing towns
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6. THE DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL SCALES
THE TOWN
Territorial appeal
Social and cultural cohesion
Optimisation of resources
THE DISTRICT
Pooled means
Diverse activities
Optimisation of roads and
utilities
THE “BUILDING”
Affordable construction
Control of impacts

Local participation
THE USER
Customs and behaviour
CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT
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7. A town: a complex object
1/ A town is a place that concentrates and redistributes flows of:
People
Goods and services
Energy, water, food, waste, biodiversity, …
2/ Town life only exists through its ties with the outside world:
Appeal,
Connectivity,
Global trade
3/ A town needs “urban seeds” and “hotspots”:
Stations, airports, subway stations, etc. are undeniably hotspots
A stadium, a hospital, a shopping centre and a university are partial
hotspots.
You can have seeds without mobility…
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8. Practical example: the Stade de France before & after
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9. Sustainable town: new urban parameters
Introduce demographic, energetic and climatic issues in a
town’s production function, without harming social and
heritage issues.
Look at towns in a different way, LCA, know what you’re
talking about (measure), associate players in the value chain
as far upstream as possible.
Prepare towns’ transition: towns are moving!
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10. Towns are moving
Stabilisation of
greenhouse gases
at 450 ppm
Optimistic scenario
No stabilisation of
greenhouse gases
Pessimistic scenario
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11. Eco-stadium in NICE
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12. Towns are taking action
Source: www.cdproject.net
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13. London’s action plan
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14. The London example: cut CO2 emissions
from 45 to 18 million tonnes
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15. The Stockholm example
:
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16. The most common solutions for Infrastructure/ Buildings / Usage
Aspect Solutions implemented # eco-districts concerned Illustrations
Rainwater collection
*
Recycling
*
Cogeneration
*
Wind power
*
Infra- Biogas production
*
structure Geothermal energy
*
Soil decontamination
*
Biological sewerage plant
* Pneumatic waste collector and
recycling system - Bo01 - Sweden
Soil seepage strengthened
*
Solar energy
*
Thermal insulation rule
*
Buildings
Sustainable materials
*
Building authorisations
* Roofs with solar panels
Bo01 - Sweden
Limiting of water and energy
*
consumption
Usage
*
Local activities
Green roofs
Bedzed – United Kingdom
1. Based on the 10 following eco-districts: Bedzed, Vauban, Kronsberg, Bo01, Vesterbrö,Hammarby-Sjöstad, theatre district, Vikki, Fornebu, Augustenborg
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17. Assessing solutions: eco-design
Analysis of a building’s life cycle: assessment of the building’s
environmental impacts from its construction through to its demolition
Standardised method
(ISO 14 040)
(XP P01-20-3)

18. LCA as a tool to assist decision-making
LCA = Life Cycle Analysis
The 4 phases of a life cycle:
Construction Operational phase Renovation Demolition
s
Six indicators are used
Primary energy consumption
Greenhouse gas emissions
Water consumption
Waste production
Depletion of natural resources
Impacts on human health

19. Meudon la Forêt urban study
Inner suburb of Paris, close to a major motorway (A86)
and shopping centre (Vélizy 2)
Context: in 2009, the town council decided to
implement an urban study and asked 3 mixed teams to
increase the density of an existing district, to imagine
an eco-district with a specified programme
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20. Meudon la Forêt urban study:
increase the town’s density
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21. District LCA: Meudon-la-Forêt project
- Buildings and public spaces
- Dividing up into office / housing / other zones and characterisation of public
spaces

22. District LCA: Meudon-la-Forêt project
Radar profile comparing the performances of regulatory improvements
versus the performances of the eco-district project
The environmental footprint is lower
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23. Environmental dashboard
Environmental impacts / m²

24. Comparison of urban forms
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25. Comparison of urban forms
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26. Comparison of urban forms
LCA results, impacts per inhabitant
Change in performance due to architecture alone!
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27. Intersectoral eco-design
Urban spread -> transport
Get the town’s stakeholders to work together
New arbitrage
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28. ECO-TECHNOLOGIES: HABITAT
COLONNE (column housing) process
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29. The USER’s influence on the environmental balance
The appeal of reconciling eco-design and the monitoring of usage
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30. Accompanying users
Rome – work by the MIT SENSEable Lab
Using real-time data to make infrastructures more efficient
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31. What about banks in all this?
Supply a product at an acceptable price
Substantial needs, but public finance resources are
limited  find formulae where towns can finance
themselves through the private sector
Need for financial engineering to finance energy savings
Taking new issues into account in an investment
decision
Green value of property complexes
Put a price on the environment (anticipate the carbon
tax, take externalities into account, etc.)
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32. Involving value-chain partners
Know what you’re talking about
ParisTech Chair in “Eco-design of buildings and infrastructure”
in partnership with VINCI
Make new guidelines and tools emerge to
help eco-urbanism
Introduce a culture of innovation in the
environment in our businesses through
research and collaboration
Train new generations of engineers in
eco-design
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33. Involving value-chain partners
La Fabrique de la Cité
Imagining today the town of tomorrow
Current work:
Looking for Legacy: for a sustainable impact of major sports infrastructure
From acceptability to adherence regarding urban projects
The impact of the new energy paradigm on towns
www.lafabriquedelacite.com
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34. Any questions?
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