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WAVE ENERGY EXPLOITATION    M. Teresa Pontes LNEG  1 2 February  2010 ENERGY IN THE WORLD
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Global resource is very large :  1-10 TW  (World average consumption of electrical energy : 2 TW) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],From: Barstow, Mollison & Cruz.
Wave Energy can exhibit large seasonal variation In northerrn hemisphere resource is generally much,lower in summer than in winter In southern  hemisfere summer –winter variations are much lower important advantage (Australia,NZ, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Brasil)
SOUTH NORTH Average monthly mean lower in relation to annual average
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT  &  SITE SELECTION
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT (I) WERATLAS – Offshore European Wave Energy Atlas (1996) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.ineti.pt/proj/weratlas European Wave Energy Atlas (INETI)
 
PORTUGAL  - RESOURCE ASSESSMENT (II) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SITE SELECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PEMAP - GIS Database Sand Coverage
WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Corpos oscilantes (com motor hidráulico, Turbina hidráulica, gera-dor eléctrico linear) Estrutura flutuante:  Mighty Whale, OE-Buoy, Oceanlinx Coluna de água oscilante  (com turbina de ar) Galgamento (com turbina hidráulica de baixa queda) Estrutura flutuante (com concentração):  Wave Dragon Flutuante Submerso Essencialmente translação vertical:  AquaBuoy, FO3,  Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação:  Pelamis, SEAREV Essencialmente translação vertical:  AWS Rotação:  WaveRoller, Oyster Estrutura fixa Isolado:  Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar:  Sakata,  Foz do Douro Estrutura fixa Na costa (com concentração):  TAPCHAN Em quebramar (sem concentração):  SSG Pico Limpet Sakata Foz do Douro OE-Buoy Mighty Whale Energetech AquaBuoy FO3 Wavebob Power Buoy Wave Star Pelamis SEAREV Wave Roller Oyster AWS TAPCHAN SSG Wave Dragon
Present   Situation 1  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many projects (>50), of which a small number ( ≈ 15 ?) attained or is closed to protoitype . Opposite to wind energy,  no dominating technology Slow convergence to a small number of basic concepts ? There area several modes of efficiently extracting wave energy.
As in life, the systems that will survive will be the most prone in a Darwinian fight for  market survivability . How long this will take? Who will be the winners? ? Tempo geológico Floating bodies (with hidraulic motor, Hidraulic turbinehidráulica, linera electrical generator) Floating Submerged Essencialmente translação vertical:  AquaBuoy, FO3,  Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação:  Pelamis, SEAREV Essentially vertical translation:  AWS Rotação:  WaveRoller, Oyster Floating  structure :  Mighty Whale, BBDB, Energetech/Oceanlinx Oscillating Water Column  (air turbine) Fixed Structure Isolado:  Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar:  Sakata,  Mutriku Run-up (with low head hidraulic turbine) Fixed Structure  At coast (with concentração):  TAPCHAN In breakwater (no concentration):  SSG Floating structure (with concentration):  Wave Dragon
[object Object],[object Object],Solar energy  (24h period) and t ides  (12h25m) intermitent sources. How to store energy? Wave   energy is  also   intermitent, with much lower period (5-15 s).  It is necessary to make  regular  the   electrical produced power (electrical grid, electrical equipaments). ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Conversion Systems (product: electrical energy) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Present situation 2 Technology  is more difficult than that of wind  energy. In technical and economic aspects,  situation is similar to wind energy technology in the 1980s (?) Except in some Oscillating Water Columns (Pico 1999, Islay 2000), experience on maintenance, reliability and survivability is small or null, beyond few months. Information is scarce (and nor much reliable?) on costs and economic aspects. Often, what is publicised by teams is based on cenarios and projections assuming cost reduction.
Present situation 3 In general, capacity factor ( ratio of annual power/ nominal power)  similar to wind energy (≈   0.3). In the present technological development stage, electrical energy cost (€/kWh) is  comprised between wind  and  large PV . To compete with wind energy, it is necessary  1/3 cost reduction for most advanced systems  (1/2 if compared to offshore wind ). Relatively large investiments (especially in Europe) by private companies indicate that these cost reductions are believed to be possible (in 10+ years?).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OWC - OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN  OWC AIR TURBINE WAVES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],OWC Pico Island, Azores 12m ,[object Object],[object Object],OWC Air Chamber
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PICO OWC   PLANT 400 kW, 1999, 1st pre-commercial grid connected
Generator Pico Plant : turbine, generator and casing, during initial tests in 1999 Turbine Valves
OCEAN ENERGY- Floating OWC (B2D2),  Ireland  TURBINES Floating OWC
OFFSHORE CONVERTERS  MARTIFER  ENERGIA, S.A. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROTOTYPE TESTING (I) Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS), NL Bottom mounted converter with oscillating “hat”  Mechanical – electrical conversion: linear generator 1 MW  Prototype tested in Portugal (2004)
AWS TESTING (2004) Assembly in the dock
MODULE TESTING –  WAVE ROLLER, FINLAND Peniche Harbour  (100 km N Lisbon)  2007 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WAVE FARM  PELAMIS (2008) Articulated floating converter PTO: hydraulic  Diameter: 3.5m; length 4  30 = 120m Power:  3  250 kW = 750 kW
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MARKET DEPLOYMENT POLICIES
Pilot Zone for Wave Energy Exploitation -  Decree-Law 5/2008  - 150 km North of Lisbon, best resource (30 +  kW/m pa) - 320 km 2 , 30<h< 80m - Prototypes, pre-commercial and commercial - Capacity: 250 MW - Infrastructures, licensing    MARKET DEPLOYMENT POLICIES  PILOT ZONE
PILOT ZONE WAVE ENERGY  -
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION [email_address]

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Energy In World Wave Energy 12 February 2010

  • 1. WAVE ENERGY EXPLOITATION   M. Teresa Pontes LNEG 1 2 February 2010 ENERGY IN THE WORLD
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Wave Energy can exhibit large seasonal variation In northerrn hemisphere resource is generally much,lower in summer than in winter In southern hemisfere summer –winter variations are much lower important advantage (Australia,NZ, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Brasil)
  • 6. SOUTH NORTH Average monthly mean lower in relation to annual average
  • 7.
  • 8. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & SITE SELECTION
  • 9.
  • 10.  
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. PEMAP - GIS Database Sand Coverage
  • 14. WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Corpos oscilantes (com motor hidráulico, Turbina hidráulica, gera-dor eléctrico linear) Estrutura flutuante: Mighty Whale, OE-Buoy, Oceanlinx Coluna de água oscilante (com turbina de ar) Galgamento (com turbina hidráulica de baixa queda) Estrutura flutuante (com concentração): Wave Dragon Flutuante Submerso Essencialmente translação vertical: AquaBuoy, FO3, Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação: Pelamis, SEAREV Essencialmente translação vertical: AWS Rotação: WaveRoller, Oyster Estrutura fixa Isolado: Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar: Sakata, Foz do Douro Estrutura fixa Na costa (com concentração): TAPCHAN Em quebramar (sem concentração): SSG Pico Limpet Sakata Foz do Douro OE-Buoy Mighty Whale Energetech AquaBuoy FO3 Wavebob Power Buoy Wave Star Pelamis SEAREV Wave Roller Oyster AWS TAPCHAN SSG Wave Dragon
  • 15.
  • 16. As in life, the systems that will survive will be the most prone in a Darwinian fight for market survivability . How long this will take? Who will be the winners? ? Tempo geológico Floating bodies (with hidraulic motor, Hidraulic turbinehidráulica, linera electrical generator) Floating Submerged Essencialmente translação vertical: AquaBuoy, FO3, Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação: Pelamis, SEAREV Essentially vertical translation: AWS Rotação: WaveRoller, Oyster Floating structure : Mighty Whale, BBDB, Energetech/Oceanlinx Oscillating Water Column (air turbine) Fixed Structure Isolado: Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar: Sakata, Mutriku Run-up (with low head hidraulic turbine) Fixed Structure At coast (with concentração): TAPCHAN In breakwater (no concentration): SSG Floating structure (with concentration): Wave Dragon
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Present situation 2 Technology is more difficult than that of wind energy. In technical and economic aspects, situation is similar to wind energy technology in the 1980s (?) Except in some Oscillating Water Columns (Pico 1999, Islay 2000), experience on maintenance, reliability and survivability is small or null, beyond few months. Information is scarce (and nor much reliable?) on costs and economic aspects. Often, what is publicised by teams is based on cenarios and projections assuming cost reduction.
  • 21. Present situation 3 In general, capacity factor ( ratio of annual power/ nominal power) similar to wind energy (≈ 0.3). In the present technological development stage, electrical energy cost (€/kWh) is comprised between wind and large PV . To compete with wind energy, it is necessary 1/3 cost reduction for most advanced systems (1/2 if compared to offshore wind ). Relatively large investiments (especially in Europe) by private companies indicate that these cost reductions are believed to be possible (in 10+ years?).
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. PICO OWC PLANT 400 kW, 1999, 1st pre-commercial grid connected
  • 26. Generator Pico Plant : turbine, generator and casing, during initial tests in 1999 Turbine Valves
  • 27. OCEAN ENERGY- Floating OWC (B2D2), Ireland TURBINES Floating OWC
  • 28.
  • 29. PROTOTYPE TESTING (I) Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS), NL Bottom mounted converter with oscillating “hat” Mechanical – electrical conversion: linear generator 1 MW Prototype tested in Portugal (2004)
  • 30. AWS TESTING (2004) Assembly in the dock
  • 31.
  • 32. WAVE FARM PELAMIS (2008) Articulated floating converter PTO: hydraulic Diameter: 3.5m; length 4  30 = 120m Power: 3  250 kW = 750 kW
  • 33.
  • 34. Pilot Zone for Wave Energy Exploitation - Decree-Law 5/2008 - 150 km North of Lisbon, best resource (30 + kW/m pa) - 320 km 2 , 30<h< 80m - Prototypes, pre-commercial and commercial - Capacity: 250 MW - Infrastructures, licensing MARKET DEPLOYMENT POLICIES PILOT ZONE
  • 35. PILOT ZONE WAVE ENERGY -
  • 36. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION [email_address]