Eops 2015 6_8

1. Eyes Over Puget Sound Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Publication No. 15-03-074 Start here Up-to-date observations of visiblewater quality conditions in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca Surface Conditions Report June 8, 2015 Puyallup River at a record low flow

2. Personalfieldlog p.3 Marine life inthe Rocky Intertidal Zone. Filter feeders andpredators. Climateconditions p.5 Rivers flows now have all dropped,especially the Skagit and Puyallup. Only the Fraser R. is running still slightly above normal. Air and oceanare warmandupwelling is back. Watercolumn p.6 Warmwater inPuget Soundbecause of “the Blob”. Temperatures are the highest onrecordsince 1989. Oxygenis exhibiting new historical minima,anunusual conditiongiven the time of year. Aerialphotography p.10 Large patches ofjellyfishinfinger inlets of SouthSound.. Phytoplanktonblooms inmost places. Large Noctilucabloom surfacing inCommencement Bay andaroundPort Madison. Rivers are flowing very low. Ferrymonitoring p.35 Puget Soundsurface water is reaching >14 °C. Highalgal biomass inElliott Bay and along the shoreline of Kingston. Streams p.37 Recordlow flows for the PuyallupRiver on6/4/2015 at river mile 6.6. Levels are below the regulatory minimum for instreamflows. LONG-TERMMARINEMONITORINGUNIT Mya Keyzers Laura Hermanson Brooke McIntyre Skip Albertson Dr. Christopher Krembs Julia Bos Suzan Pool Editorial assistanceprovided by: Julianne Ruffner, Carol Maloy Marine conditionsfrom 6-8-2015 at a glance Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Guests: Markus von Prause Brandon Sackmann

3. The Rocky Intertidal Part II - Filter Feeders Personal Field Impression Fieldlog Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Personal Field Impression Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams One way biologists classifyorganisms is byhow theyeat food.Here are some common filter feeders and predators in Puget Sound’s rockyintertidal. Brooke McIntyre Butter Clam (Saxidomusgigantea) •Bury themselves 8-14 inches deep! •Predators =sea stars, crabs, otters, humans Olympia Oyster (Ostrea conchaphila) •Can filter about 1 gal. of water an hour! •Predators =Crabs, sea stars, seabirds, humans Breadcrumb Sponge (Halichondria panicea) •Attaches itself to rocks and can grow severalfeet across •Predators =sea stars, snails, sea slugs

4. The Rocky Intertidal Part II - Predators Personal Field Impression Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Moon snail (Euspira lewisii) •Grow up to 13cmin diameter •Usea large muscular footto move •Lay eggs in large sand collars, shown here •Prey = clams, snails Sunflower Star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) •Grow up to 1min diameter and move 5ft/min •Pushes it’s stomach outsideit’s mouth to eat prey! •Prey = urchins, clams, snails Tidepool Sculpin (Oligocottus maculatus) •Liveup to 5 years •Can breath air! •Prey = crustaceans, worms Photo Credits: http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/exhibits/marine-panel/moon-snail/; http://www.alaskafloatsmyboat.com/beachcombing/2012/11/16/sunflower- seastars; http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/images/oysters1.jpg; http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1339582; http://northislandexplorer.com/molluscs/washingtonbutterclam.htm Brooke McIntyre

5. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Climateand natural influencesbefore 6-8-2015 Summary: Air temperatures werewarmer than normal across Western Washington. Precipitation was below normalin the Puget Sound region. Sunshine has generally been abovenormal, except out on the coast. River flows havealldropped, especially the Skagit and Puyallup. TheFraser is the only river running still (slightly) above normal. PDO remains in the warmphase, and upwelling is now above normal. Climate and naturalinfluences,including weather,rivers,andthe adjacent ocean,canaffect our marine waters. Graphics are basedonprovisional data andare subject to change. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/weather.html. Puttingthe puzzle-piecesofinfluencingfactorstogether… No data

6. We usea chartered float plane and boat to access our monthly monitoring stations. We communicate data and environmentalmarine conditions using: 1. MarineWater ConditionIndex (MWCI) 2. EyesOverPuget Sound (EOPS) 3. Anomaliesand sourcedata Fieldlog Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Ourlong-termmarinemonitoringstationsinWashington Starthere Isl. .

7. Physical conditionstracked in statistically historic context Fieldlog Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Higher Temperature! LowerOxygenLowerSalinity Redboxesshow thatthe water measuredis warmerthan anyof our measurements since 1989. Explore profiles atall stations Conditions were dominatedby warmwater associatedwiththe warmNE Pacific Oceansurfaceanomaly (“The Blob”). Starting inOctober,temperatures are the highest onrecordsince 1989. Salinities and oxygenare lower inPuget Sound. HoodCanal has also reachednew temperatures maxima.

8. a) PacificDecadalOscillationIndex(PDO,temperature) (explanation) b) UpwellingIndex(anomalies)(Upwelling,lowoxygen) (explanation) c) NorthPacificGyreOscillationIndex(NPGO,productivity) (explanation) Fieldlog Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Theoceanaffectswaterquality: OceanClimateIndices NPGO(x10) PDO/UpwellingIndex Three-year running average of PDO, Upwelling, and NPGO indices scores . Ocean boundaryconditions are no longer favorable for water qualityin Puget Sound: (a) water is warming (PDO), (b) upwellingoflow oxygen and high nutrient ocean water is again increasing(UpwellingIndex), and (c) higher surface productivityalongthe coast (NPGO) is falling. Where are we headingnext? -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

9. Is the food web changing in Puget Sound? Follow the experts WebEx Hypothesis! Increasesin nitrate concentrations couldbe caused by a top-down controlon phytoplankton biomass. Is Noctiluca a visible harbingerof a food web change? Hypothesis for combining a series of recent observations affecting energy and material transfer to higher trophic levels Arechangesin highertropic levelspart of a story of the low food web?

10. Summary: Aerial photography6-8-2015 Largepatches of jellyfish in finger inlets of South Sound. Phytoplankton blooms in most places. LargeNoctiluca bloom surfacing in Commencement Bay and around PortMadison. River dischargeinto Puget Sound is visibly very low. Fieldlog Weather Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Start here Mixing andFronts: Tidal eddy off Blake Island. Tidal fronts arenicely visible by differentcoloration of the water in responseto blooms. Debris: Very abundantin South Sound, Commencement Bay and surrounding BainbridgeIsland. Visible blooms: Green-brown: WollochetBay, surrounding BainbridgeIsland Red-brown: Eld Inlet Green: Quartermaster Harbor, Henderson Inlet. Noctiluca: Commencement Bay, Near PortMadison, Kingston Jellyfish: Sizablejellyfish patches presentin southern inlets of South Sound (Budd and Eld Inlets). BloomDebrisFront Suspendedsediment: Very little amounts of suspended material associated with river plumes. Plume PuyallupRiver at recordlow flows! Macro-algae rafts inSouthSound

11. Straitof Juan de Fuca San Juan Islands Padilla Bay Main Basin Hood Canal South Sound Whidbey Basin Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Observation Maps: Afternoonflight,photos 1-20 Broken ceiling,good visibility,locally windyand cloudy Flight Information: 11 10 Aerial photography and navigation guide 6 Centraland NorthSound SouthSound 7 12 5 Flight route 17 9 18 3 2 1 4 13 14 19 16 15 20 8 Tide data (Seattle): 04:26 AM 5.2 L 09:26 AM 8.53 H 03:57 PM 0.09 L 11:02 PM 12.06 H

12. jellyfish jellyfish boat A. B. Large patches of jellyfishforming in finger inlets of South Sound. Location: A.Eld Inlet; B. Budd Inlet on 6-4-2015 (South Sound). 1 Aerial photography 6-8-2015 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfishjellyfish jellyfish jellyfish Bloom 2:22PM(6-4-2015)3:11PM

13. 2 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Red-browm bloom. Location: Eld Inlet (South Sound),3:12 PM. boat Bloom

14. 3 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Ribbons of organic material,tidal fronts and bloom highlighting dynamic in finger inlets of South Sound. Location: SquaxinIsland (South Sound),3:14PM. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams boat Bloom boat Debris Debris

15. A. B. 4 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Aerial photography 6-8-2015 Large ribbons and patches of organic debris in many places of South Sound. Location: A.North of McNeil Island,B. NisquallyReach (South Sound),3:16 PM. Debris Debris Debris

16. 5 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Brown bloom originating in Wollochet Bay. Location: Wollochet,Tacoma Narrows,(South Sound),3:22 PM. Bloom Debris boat boat boat

17. Large Noctiluca bloom surfacing and gathering in large quantities at tidal front. Location: Commencement Bay(Central Sound),3:32PM. 6 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom Debris boat ship

18. Large Noctiluca bloom surfacing at entrance to Quartermaster Harbor. Location: Vashon Island (CentralSound),3:32PM. 7 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom boat boat Bloom Debris

19. Sediment plume of Puyallup River with internal waves meandering into Bay and mixing with a bloom. Location: Commencement Bay(Central Sound),3:28PM. 8 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom boat Plume Internalwaves

20. Large Noctiluca bloom surfacing and being washed on beaches near Piner Point. Location: Vashon Island (CentralSound),3:32PM. 9 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom boat Debris Debris

21. 10 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Large Noctiluca bloom held back front off Maury Island Marine Park and Saltwater State Park. Location: East ofVashon Island (Central Sound),3:32PM. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom Debris

22. 11 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Algae bloom in Quartermaster Harbor. Location:Quartermaster Harbor, Vashon Island (Central Sound),3:33 PM. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams boat boat Bloom

23. Large tidal eddy off Blake Island visible by bloom that mixes into the eddy. Location: Blake Island,(Central Sound),3:39PM. 12 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Aerial photography 6-8-2015 plane shadow boat eddy

24. Large ribbons of organic debris (likely Noctiluca) lining bloom originating from Sinclair Inlet. Location: Near Manchester,(Central Sound),3:40PM. 13 NavigateAerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Bloom Debris Debris

25. Bloom and organic debris (likely Noctiluca) Location: Near Port Blakely,Bainbridge Island (Central Sound),3:42PM. 14 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Aerial photography 6-8-2015 ship boat boat boat Bloom Debris

26. 15 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Large Noctiluca bloom has surfaced near northeast Bainbridge Island across Discovery Park, Seattle. Location: Bainbridge Island(CentralSound),3:45PM. Aerial photography 6-8-2015 boat Debris

27. 16 Navigate Large Noctiluca bloom has surfaced near northeast Bainbridge Island. Location: Bainbridge Island(CentralSound),3:45PM. Aerial photography 6-8-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams boat ship Debris

28. 17 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Patches of Noctiluca bloom inside bay amongst boat docks. Location: West Port Madison (Central Sound),3:47PM. Aerial photography 6-8-2015 barge Bloom Debris

29. Noctiluca bloom starting to surface and getting washed onto beaches. Location: Port Madison (Central Sound),3:47PM. 18 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Aerial photography 6-8-2015 boat barge Debris Debris Debris

30. 19 Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Much of the Noctiluca bloom is still under the surface. Location: Port Madison (Central Sound),3:47PM. Aerial photography 6-8-2015 barge Bloom Debris

31. 20 Navigate Noctiluca first emerges in red ribbons at surface on near Kingston on 6-4-2015. Location: Kingston (South Sound),2:30PM. Aerial photography 6-4-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams ferry Bloom Debris

32. CentralSound Date: 6-8-2015 Aerial photography observations in Central SoundQualitative aerial observer map during transit Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams 6 10 9 11 12 7 8 13 15 17 14 18 Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference 16 19 5 20

33. Date: 6-8-2015 Qualitative aerial observer map during transit Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams SouthSound 1 2 3 4 5

34. Legendto map annotations Comments: Maps are producedby observers during and after flights. They are intendedto give an approximate reconstructionofthe surface conditions onscales that connect to and overlapwithsatellite images inthe sectionthat follows. Debris: Debris canbe distinguished into natural and anthropogenic debris floating at the surface sensu Moore andAllen(2000). The majority of organic debris inPuget Soundis natural and mixedwithdiscardedman-made pieces of plastic,wood,etc. Fromthe plane,we cannot differentiatethe quality of debris at the surface andtherefore,call it for reasons of practicality just “debris”. S.L. Moore,M. J. Allen. 2000. Distribution of Anthropogenicand Natural Debris on the Mainland Shelf of the Southern California Bight. Marine Pollution Bulletin,40(1): 83–88. Navigate Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams

35. Current Conditions: Cold water from WhidbeyBasin moves into Puget Sound at the Triple Junction;associated with moderate levels of chlorophyll fluorescence. Increased turbidityseen throughout the Strait of Georgia. Current Conditions: PugetSound surfacewater is reaching >14 °C. High algal biomass in Elliott Bay and along the shoreline of Kingston. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Ferry monitoring observations6-8-2015 Brandon Sackmann Contact: bsackmann@integral-corp.com 8 June 20158 June 2015

36. Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Ferry monitoring observations6-8-2015 TheVictoria Clipper IV carries sensors in its sea chest. The sensors allow us to get surfacetransects of temperature, chlorophyll, salinity, and other bio-optical measurements between Seattle and Victoria, BC twice per day. Pockets of sea surfacetemperatures arenow reaching >15°C near Kingston around the“Triple Junction” (Admiralty Reach, Whidbey Basin and Central Sound). Temperatureare favorablefor harmful algaespecies to bloom. In temporalcontext:In spatialcontext:

37. Stream Flow on the Puyallup River 6-4-2015 Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Theplot on the left indicates the observed mean daily dischargerecorded since1985 for the day of June 4th. According to USGS historical flow data, this is the lowest dischargevaluerecorded for the day of June 4th for the entire period of record (1914-2015). Furthermore, theobserved flow on 6/4/2015 (1600 cfs) is below the minimum mean flow observed for the months of May and June during the entire historical record as well. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Discharge(Cfs) USGS Flow Gage 12101500 Puyallup River @ Puyallup, WA Mean Daily Discharge recorded for June 4th (30 year Period of Record) Mean Daily Discharge In-stream flow level established at 2000cfs ( WAC 173-510-030) Record low flows of the Puyallup Left: Aerial photo of the Puyallup River flowing into CommencementBay on the record day of 6-4-2015 On 6/4/2015 daily mean flow levels at the USGS flow gage (12101500 (Puyallup River atPuyallup) on the lower Puyallup River at river mile 6.6. reached 1600 cfs. Levels arebelow the regulatory minimum for in-streamflows established for this Puyallup River site. (Chapter 90.010, Revised Codeof Washington)

38. Accessmooring data: ftp://www.ecy.wa.gov/ea p/Mooring_Raw/Puget_S ound/ Ferrymonitoring : Suzan.Pool@ecy.wa.gov Get data from Ecology’sMarine MonitoringPrograms Long–Term MonitoringNetwork Real–Time SensorNetwork Accesscore monitoringdata: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/a pps/eap/marinewq/mwda taset.asp christopher.krembs@ecy.w a.gov Ecology’s long-termmarine monitoring stations Ferrytrack Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams Riverand Stream WaterQuality Monitoring http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/fw_riv /rv_main.html Discontinued (fundingcuts)

39. You maysubscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listservby going to: http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND Many thanks to our business partners: Clipper Navigation,SwantownMarina,andKenmore Air. We are looking forfeedbackto improve ourproducts. Dr. ChristopherKrembs christopher.krembs@ecy.wa.gov Marine Monitoring Unit EnvironmentalAssessment Program WA Department of Ecology Fieldlog Climate Water column Aerial photos Ferry monitoring Streams

Eops 2015 6_8

Eops 2015 6_8

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Eops 2015 6_8