2. American Colonies - Revolutions King James was in uneasy terms with the protestants for his favoring of the Catholic population. This led to Rumors of the Glorious Revolution that reached the colonies in the spring of 1689, stirring conflict amongst the colonial appointees of King James. On April 18, 1689 rebel leaders suddenly filled the streets of Boston with two thousand militiamen that consisted of men from country towns.
3. American Colonies – The Atlantic It was a key time in the 18th century as a swelling volume of British shipping carried information, goods, and people more regularly across the Atlantic. Increased information from home and greater colonial dependence upon it stimulated the development of colonial newspapers. Newspapers both depended upon the contributed to the integration of the British Atlantic.
4. American Colonies - Awakenings In the span of 30 years, 1660 to 1690, establishments seemed to be waning, reduced by the founding of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Carolina and by the English conquest of New York. However this took a 180 degree turn in 1690 to 1720, with the creation of new Anglican establishments in Maryland, New York counties, South Carolina, and North Carolina. In Maryland and Virginia, the establishment seemed to benefit Anglican clergymen, who depended financially upon vestries owned by seasonal planters.
5. American Colonies – Great Plains Specifically in the 18th century, Indian trade remained of great importance in order to expand the North American Empire. The Great Plains Indians favored French trade for personal and cultural reasons. This is so because the French entered the New World solely for trade whereas the Mexicans traded and also tried to convert the Indian population. As a result the Indian preferred trading with the French for it did not cause conflict within their beliefs.
6. American Colonies – Imperial Wars and Crisis War was imminent and constant beginning in the year 1689 between the British empire and the French. These empires fought for dominance over Europe and trading routes from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. In 1713 the French had surrendered Acadia to the British, who renamed the colony Nova Scotia. It wasn’t until 1775 when the American Revolutionary War began. Thomas Jefferson aptly described the United States as an “empire of liberty” by and for the white citizenry.
7. American Colonies – The Pacific In the years of the 1540’s and later in the seventeenth century, the Spanish explored the Alta California coast. Disappointed the Spanish declared the coast poor and unfertile land that had no potential for prosperity. Although the natives of the coast were all healthy and well fed, they lacked the horticulture, precious metals, and adobe towns that the Spanish thought were crucial for their conquest and missions, however this changed overtime. In 1790, Alta California had a thousand Hispanic Colonists, stretching along the five-hundred mile coast from San Francisco to Sand Diego which were also inhabited by many Indians.
