all about Rabies

2. Rabies
KINGDOM Undecided • Rabies is a zoonotic
disease (a disease that is
PHYLUM Undecided
transmitted to humans
CLASS Undecided from animals) that is
caused by a virus
Mononegavirale
ORDER
s
Rhabdoviridae family. The
disease infects domestic
and wild animals, and is
FAMILY Rhabdoviridae
spread to people through
close contact with
GENUS Lyssavirus
infected saliva via bites or
SPECIES Rabies virus scratches.

3. • The rabies virus is an RNA
virus that infects nerve
cells of mammals. When a
healthy mammal comes
into contact with saliva or
other body fluids from a
rabid mammal, the virus
travels through the nerves
into the brain.

4. Is it Harmful?
• The fatality of rabies is
really high with or without
proper medical attention.
The prognosis or how long it
take the man survive rabies
virus depends on the site
and intesity of bite injury.
The rule of thumb is, the
nearer to the head the more
fatal.

5. What type of organism does
it infect and what part?
• Dogs are the source of
99% of human rabies
deaths. The rabies virus
infects the central nervous
system, ultimately causing
disease in the brain and
death.

6. Signs & Symptoms Of Canine Rabies?
• Unusual restlessness
• Fever
• Dilatation of pupils
• Watchful apprehensive look
• Biting at inanimate objects
• Aimless running & unprovoked
aggressiveness
• Difficulty of swallowing followed by
a change in the bark or howling sounds
of animals

7. Signs & Symptoms Of Human Rabies?
• Fever
• Anorexia
• Nausea & vomiting
• Headache
• Pain or paresthesia at site
bite
• Signs of nervous system
dysfunction
as hyperactivity,
disorientation,
hallucination, seizures &
paralysis

8. How does rabies virus replicate itself?

9. • Rabies occurs in more
than 150 countries and
territories.
• Worldwide, more than
55 000 people die of
rabies every year.
• 40% of people who are
bitten by suspect rabid
animals are children
under 15 years of age.
• Dogs are the source of
99% of human rabies
deaths.

10. Prevention
• Rabies is a vaccine-preventable
disease. The most cost-effective
strategy for preventing rabies in
people is by eliminating rabies in
dogs through vaccination.
Vaccination of animals (mostly
dogs) has reduced the number of
human (and animal) rabies cases in
several countries, particularly in
Latin America. However, recent
increases in human rabies deaths in
parts of Africa, Asia and Latin
America suggest that rabies is re-
emerging as a serious public health
issue.

11. Mode of Transmission
 A bite from a rabid animal (an animal infected with
the rabies virus) is the most common form of rabies
transmission. Non-bite exposure and human-to-human
exposure are both rare.
• Rabies Transmission From Bites
 Rabies transmission usually begins when infected
saliva of an animal is passed to an uninfected animal,
through a bite. From the saliva's point of entry, the
rabies virus travels along nerve cells to the brain. It
multiplies there and moves to the salivary glands. In a
rabid animal, the cycle is repeated when the animal
bites a person or another animal.

12. • Rabies Transmission Through Non-Bite Exposure
 Rabies transmission from non-bite exposures is
rare. Scratches, abrasions, open wounds, or
mucous membranes contaminated with saliva or
other potentially infectious material (such as
brain tissue) from a rabid animal, constitute non-
bite exposures. Occasionally reports of non-bite
exposure are such that post-exposure
prophylaxis is given.

13. Rabies victim displaying hydrophobia

14. A victim who was bitten by a rabies infected dog