2. Democracy
= government by the people
Direct Democracy= all
citizens meet to pass laws
Indirect Democracy
(republics) = citizens elect
representatives to make laws
for them
5. Democracy As a Goal
To make a democracy work…
People have to participate in the
government
People need to tools to make
decisions (be able to read and
write)
A stable economy
Belief in the rights of the
individuals
Laws that prevent others from
abusing power
National identity
6.
7. Case Study: Brazil
1822- Brazil becomes a
MONARCHY
1889- Brazil becomes a REPUBLIC
GETULIO VARGAS= 1930’s,
dictator of Brazil, suppressed
political opposition, promoted
economic growth Brazil became
a MODERN COUNTRY
8. Kubitcheck’s Ambitious
Program:
JUSCELINO KUBITCHECK= 1956-1961,
continued to develop economy, encouraged
foreign investment to pay for development
projects (Brasilia)
2 Reforms:
1. BRASILIA= new capital to be built in the
country’ interior
Result Foreign debt soared, inflation
2. LAND REFORM give large estates of
land to peasants
Result 1964, with the help of the wealthy
Brazilians, the army seized power in a military coup
10. Military Dictators
Military dictators ruled for 2o years
Positives
Negatives
•Foreign investment
•Development
projects in Amazon
brought in large
amounts of $$$
•Economy boomed
•Cut back on social
issues
•STANDARD of
LIVING( (level of
material comfort)
deceased
•Imposed censorship
•Jailed, tortured and
sometimes killed
government critics
11. Road to Democracy (1/3)
1980’s- RECESSION (slow down in the economy)
Result the generals decided to open up the political
system, allowed direct elections of local, state and national
officials
12. Road to Democracy (2/3)
1985- JOSE SARNEY- president
Inherited a country full of problems (foreign debt and inflation)
Lost support when he couldn’t solve the nation’s problems
13. Road to Democracy (3/3)
1994-1998- FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO
Advocate of free markets
Concerned with the widening gap between rich and poor
Promoted economic reform
16. Case Study: Mexico
One-Party Rule
1917- after the Mexican Revolution, government passed the
Constitution (democracy and promised reformed)
17. Beginnings of One-Party
Domination
1920-1934- Mexico elected several generals
as presidents
NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY PARTY=
generals created a ruling party
1934-1940- President LAZARO CARDENAS
Tried to improve life for peasants and workers
Land reforms and labor rights
Nationalized the Mexican oil industry (kicked
out foreign oil companies)
18. The Party Becomes the PRI
PRI= Institutional Revolutionary Party, started in 1946,
Controlled the congress and won every political election
PROBLEMS
Foreign debt
Lacking land and jobs
Suffered economic problem
1. Protestors gathered at
an Aztec market
soldiers opened fire on
protestors
2. 1980’s- oil discovered in
Mexico
1981- oil prices around
the world fell, cutting
Mexico’s oil revenue in
half
19. Economic & Political Crises
1988- CARLOS SALINAS won the
presidency
Salinas signed NAFTA (North
American Free Trade Agreement)
What did NAFTA do?
Removed trade barriers between
Mexico, the US and Canada
20. The PRI Loses Control
After a presidential candidate
was assassinated, many
Mexicans thought there was
no chance of democracy
1994- ERNESTO ZEDILLO
elected
2000- Mexican voters ended
71 years of PRI rule
21. New Policies & Programs
2000-VICENTE FOX
2006- FELIPE CALDERON
Both wanted:
Reformed the police
Rooting out political corruption
Free market
Wanted the US to legalize the
status of millions of illegal
Mexican immigrant workers
23. Case Study: Argentina (1/2)
Peron Rules Argentina:
Major Exports: Grain &
Beef
Industrial Nation with a
large working class
1946- Argentine workers
supported an army
officer, JUAN PERONestablished a dictatorship
24. Peron Rules Argentina (2/2)
EVA PERON- aka EVITA,
supported husband, gave advice
PERONS- offered social
programs with popular appeal
After Eva died, Peron’s
popularity declined
Peron’s enemies- the military
and the Catholic Churchmoved in on him
Military ousted Peron and
drove him into exile
30. Repression in Argentina
For many years, the military controlled Argentine politics
1973- Peron returned and ruled for 1 year before he died
1976- Generals seized power again
1980’s-torture and murder were everyday events
31. Democracy & the Economy
1982- Argentine government
went to war with Britain over the
nearby Falkland Islands and
suffered a defeat
1983- RAUL ALFONSINpresident in the country’s first
free election in 37 years
1989- CARLOS MENEM
2002- Argentina had an
employment rate of 24%
2006- Argentina repaid debt (to
IMF- International Monetary
Fund)