1. V I R U S
Mikrobiologi Farmasi

2. Membuat timeline sejarah virus
Membuat bagan/gambar
mengenai struktur dan ciri-ciri
virus
Membuat peta konsep replikasi
virus
Memadukan peran virus
dengan permasalahan yang
ada dalam kehidupan
LEARNING GOALS

3. History of Virus Discovery
Characteristics of Virus
Virus Structure
Baltimore Classification
Virus Replication
Virus in our life

4. History of Virus Discovery
Martinus
Beijerinck
Dmitri
Ivanovsky
Adolf
Mayer
Antony Van
Leeuwenhoek
Wendell
Stanley
These
microscopic
particles can
reproduce in
tobacco plants
but not in the
bacteria growth
medium
showed that this
disease could be
transmitted in
this way even
after the
Chamberland-
Pasteur filter had
removed all
viable bacteria
from the extract.
Demonstrated
that a disease of
tobacco plants,
tobacco mosaic
disease, could be
transferred from
a diseased plant
to a healthy one
via liquid plant
extracts
He found
microscope.
It become the
first step to find
more about
microscopic
organism
he succeeded in
crystallizing these
microscopic
particles, then
called the Tobacco
mosaic virus. since
then, research on
the virus has been
growing

5. obligate intracellular parasites
Can be crystallized
Has a small size.
It’s around 20 milimikron – 300
milimikron
Acelluler. It doesn’t have cytoplasm and
organelle
Characteristics
of Virus
Has DNA or RNA as the genetic
material
Has so many shapes (heliks,
polyhedral, envelope, and T virus)
has a sheath made of protein, and
each unit pf protein called capsomer

7. Virus
Virus is a broad general term for any aspect
of an infectious agent that can act as obligate
intracellular parasites
AWESOME
SLIDE
Virion
virions are infectious particles in the
extracellular phase of the host.

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9. Tobacco Mosaic Virus
(a) An electron micrograph (X400,000) (b) Illustration of TMV structure (c) A model of TMV.
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10. I
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Adenovirus, 252 capsomers (171,000)
and Computer-simulated model of adenovirus
(a) Normal mammalian cells in tissue Culture
(b) Appearance of tissue culture cells 18 hours
after infection with adenovirus.
Transmission electron microscope
photomicrographs (X11,000).

11. (a) Human influenza Virus (X282,000). (b) Diagram of the influenza virion
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(c) Rhabdovirus particles
(X250,000). This is the
vesicular stomatitis virus, a
relative of the rabies virus,
which is similar in appearance
(d) Human immunodeficiency
viruses (X33,000). (e)
Herpesviruses (X100,000)

12. B
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H
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T - Even Coliphages The
structure of the T4
bacteriophage
(b) The micrograph
shows the phage before
injection of its DNA.
Electron Micrograph of E. coli Infected
with Phage T4
Baseplates, contracted sheaths, and tail
tubes can be seen (X36,500).

13. David Baltimore

15. As viruses are obligate
intracellular pathogens
they cannot replicate
without the machinery and
metabolism of a host cell.
Although the replicative life
cycle of viruses differs
greatly between species
and category of virus, there
are six basic stages that are
essential for viral
replication.
Virus Replication

16. Six Basic Steps

17. Lytic and
Lysogenic
Cycle

18. Influenza Virus
Replication cycle of influenzaA viruses.
After receptor-mediated endocytosis, the
viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes
are released into the cytoplasm and
subsequently transported to the nucleus
where replication and transcription take
place. Messenger RNAs are exported to
the cytoplasm for translation. Early viral
proteins, that is, those required for
replication and transcription, are
transported back to the nucleus.The
assembly and budding of progeny virions
occurs at the plasma membrane

22. V
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23. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Release by Plasma Membrane Budding.
(a) A transmission electron micrograph of HIV particlesg ibnening to bud, as well as some mature particles.
(b) A scanning electron micrograph vwie of HIV particles ubdding from a lymphoycte

24. Necrotic Lesions on
Plant Leaves (a)
Tobacco mosaic virus
on Nicotiana glutinosa
(b) Tobacco mosaic
virus infection of an
orchid showing leaf
color changes.
yellow
leaf
curl
virus
tomatto spot wilt virus

25. Benefits of Viruses
Vaccines are dead or weakened viruses that are
injected into the body so that the immune system can
record and produce antibodies
Oncolytic virotherapy (viroterapi onkolitik) is a method
of treating cancer using natural or genetically modified
viruses.
use of viruses to suppress the growth of bacteria that
infect the body
Effective and efficient control of caterpillar insects as
well as environmentally friendly is by using the Nuclear
Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)

32. THANK YOU