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1. TCP/IP STACKTCP/IP STACK
TCP ip stack is used for ip addressing in theTCP ip stack is used for ip addressing in the
network. We use Ip addressing in the pc tonetwork. We use Ip addressing in the pc to
identify the pc in the network. IP address isidentify the pc in the network. IP address is
part of the tcp/ip which is part of the tcp ippart of the tcp/ip which is part of the tcp ip
stack.stack.

2. Layers of tcp/ip modalLayers of tcp/ip modal
 Application layerApplication layer
 Transport layerTransport layer
 Internet layerInternet layer
 Network layerNetwork layer

3. Application layerApplication layer
This layer clubs the work ofThis layer clubs the work of
application,presentation,session layers of osiapplication,presentation,session layers of osi
modal. It defines the services in order tomodal. It defines the services in order to
execute. HTTP,SNMP, FTP protocols areexecute. HTTP,SNMP, FTP protocols are
used in this layer.used in this layer.

4. Transport layerTransport layer
This layer clubs work of transport layerThis layer clubs work of transport layer
of the osi modal. It is responsible forof the osi modal. It is responsible for
delivery of massage to destination.delivery of massage to destination.
TCP, UDP protocols are used in thisTCP, UDP protocols are used in this
layer.layer.

5. Internet layerInternet layer
Work as network layer of osiWork as network layer of osi
modal. It allows routing the datamodal. It allows routing the data
over the network.over the network.

6. Network layerNetwork layer
This is lowest layer. Include protocolsThis is lowest layer. Include protocols
that are used to transmit data to otherthat are used to transmit data to other
device in the network.device in the network.

7. IP ADDRESSINGIP ADDRESSING
In the network the identification of pc isIn the network the identification of pc is
necessary because of sending data.necessary because of sending data.
We use ipv4 that have 4 octets andWe use ipv4 that have 4 octets and
each octet contais 8 bits.each octet contais 8 bits.

8. There are two types of ipThere are two types of ip
addressingaddressing
 Ipv4Ipv4
 ipv6ipv6

9. Classification of ip addressing inClassification of ip addressing in
ipv4ipv4
 Class aClass a
 Class bClass b
 Class cClass c
 Class dClass d
 Class eClass e

10. Class aClass a
 Range of class a ip is from 0 to 126.Range of class a ip is from 0 to 126.
 127 ip is used for checking own pc127 ip is used for checking own pc
connection .connection .

11. Class bClass b
 Range of class b ip is from 128 to 191.Range of class b ip is from 128 to 191.
 Two octets are network bits and other areTwo octets are network bits and other are
host bitshost bits

12. Class cClass c
 Range of class c ip is from 192 to 223.Range of class c ip is from 192 to 223.
 First three octaits are network bits andFirst three octaits are network bits and
other are host bits.other are host bits.
 Used in small networks.Used in small networks.

13. Class d and class eClass d and class e
 Class d ip range is from 224 to 239. andClass d ip range is from 224 to 239. and
class e ip range is 240 to 254.class e ip range is 240 to 254.
 Not used in simple networks.Not used in simple networks.

14. IPV6 ip addressIPV6 ip address
Ip version 6 is latest version of ipIp version 6 is latest version of ip
addressing. Ipv6 implements' 128 bitsaddressing. Ipv6 implements' 128 bits
network where as ipv4 implements 32network where as ipv4 implements 32
bit network. In ipv6 represented inbit network. In ipv6 represented in
hexadecimal form and denoted byhexadecimal form and denoted by
colon to make it readable. The 128 bitscolon to make it readable. The 128 bits
are divided in eight sections which is 2are divided in eight sections which is 2
bytes in length.bytes in length.