Presentació a càrrec de Lluís Anglada, director de Ciència Oberta al CSUC, duta a terme dins el panell "Sustainable Libraries: Open Science Perspective" del congrés ANKOS Link celebrat del 2 al 5 d'abril a Antalya (Turquia) .

1. Are libraries sustainable in a world
of free,
networked, digital information?
Lluís Anglada
(Open Science. Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya - CSUC)
Panel
SUSTAINABILITY OF OPEN ACCESS AND OPEN SCIENCE
ANKOS Link
2-5 April 2019, Antalya

2. Summary
1. The big change
• information tends to be digital, networked and free
2. Open Science
• what is exactly this, and their implications
3. Open Science activities
• a big opportunity for libraries
4. OS activities and their sustainability
• the Open Access case
5. OS and libraries
• are libraries sustainable?

3. Summary
1. The big change
• information tends to be digital, networked
and free
2. Open Science
3. Open Science activities
4. OS activities and their sustainability
5. OS and libraries

4. Sustainability is a quite complex issue
 Sustainability = TUD + CE + PAV
• TUD = technologically up to date
• CE = cost - effectiveness
• PAV = perception of added value
 Had libraries been sustainable in the past? Obviously yes
• For being technologically up to date?
• For being cost – effectiveness?
• NO, for the value added to information
People's decisions are
motivated by perceptions
(and not only by the reality)

5. Nor all the changes has the same consequences
 Print landscape
• Information is scarce
• User time is abundant
• To access = to go where the
information is (the library)
• Individual production
• The reproduction has cost
• One user each time
• One media each time
• Immutable
• Preservation = avoiding disasters
 Digital + networked + free
information landscape
 Information is abundant
 User time is scarce
 You don't need to walk for access to
the information (is the information that
comes)
 Intellectual production is more and
more social
 The cost of copies tends to zero
 Multiuser
 Multimedia
 Volatile
 Preservation is a challenge
 ...

6. The big change
is not from print
to electronic
The big change
is from info
scarcity to info
abundancy

7. Summary
1. The big change
2. Open Science
• what is exactly this, and their implications
3. Open Science activities
4. OS activities and their sustainability
5. OS and libraries

8. The key words: transition and disruption
Disruptive innovation … refers to
an innovation that;
• creates a new market and value
network and (eventually)
• disrupts an existing market and value
network, (and)
• displacing established market leading
firms, products, and alliances.
Clayton M. Christensen

9. The basic steps of the research cycle are the same, but research tools and
methods are changing radically
 New (technological) tools are
changing how to do and how to
disseminate science results
• ‘Science 2.0’ as a holistic
approach, therefore, is much
more than only one of its
features (such as Open Access)
and represents a paradigm
shift in the modus operandi of
research and science impacting
the entire scientific process.
 Under the new paradigm,
science is:
• Open
• Collaborative
• Oriented toward society

10. Economic, politic & scientific motivations
 For future (European) welfare:
• A change of economic model is needed
• From industrial society to a knowledge-based society
 For responding to the great social challenges of our time:
• Science should be for and with society (involvement and citizen participation)
• For transparency and control (accountability): utility, reliability and replicability of
the search
 Because open science makes better science
• Knowledge is a public good and what is publicly funded (mostly) must be public
• Open Science makes better science (faster, cheaper, reusable)
• Open to machines: Big data, TDM, interoperability

11. Summary
1. The big change
2. Open Science
3. Open Science activities
• a big opportunity for libraries
4. OS activities and their sustainability
5. OS and libraries

12. National plans to Open Science
 Finlàndia
• Ministeri d’Educació I Cultura
• Open science and research leads to surprising discoveries and creative insights: Open science and research roadmap
2014–2017, 2014
– http://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/75210
 Eslovènia
• Govern de la República d’Eslovènia
• National strategy of open access to scientific publications and research data in Slovenia 2015-2020, setembre 2015
– http://www.vlada.si/en/media_room/government_press_releases/press_release/article/national_strategy_of_open_access_to_scientific_publicatio
ns_and_research_data_55387/
 Portugal
• Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.º 21/2016
• Princípios orientadores para a implementação de uma Política Nacional de Ciência Aberta, abril 2016
– https://dre.pt/pesquisa/-/search/74094659/details/maximized
 Països Baixos
• Plataforma d’institucions
• National Plan Open Science, febrer 2017
– https://www.openscience.nl/binaries/content/assets/subsites-evenementen/open-
science/national_plan_open_science_the_netherlands_february_2017_en_.pdf
 França,
• Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, MESRI)
• National plan for open science, juliol 2018
– https://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SO_A4_2018_05-EN_print.pdf
 Sèrbia
• Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (MESTD)
• Open Science Platform, juliol 2018
– https://www.openaire.eu/public-documents?id=911&task=document.viewdoc

13. Netherland
 … there are now new opportunities to exchange results of scientific research - publications and research data
- and even scientific methods and practices.
 The transition towards an open science system requires ambition, investments in people and resources, and
alertness to risks, because they too exist.
 The key ambitions [of the Plan] are:
• Full open access to publications in 2020
– Continue the Dutch approach for all Dutch research organisations and research areas whilst recognising their
differences and similarities.
• To make research data optimally suited for reuse
– To set clear and agreed technical and policy-related preconditions to facilitate reuse of research data, including provision
of the necessary expertise and support.
• Recognition and rewards
– To examine together how open science can be an element of the evaluation and reward system for researchers,
research groups and research proposals.
• To promote and support
– To establish a ‘clearing house’ for all information regarding all available research support.

14. TUBITAK Open Science Policy
Scope:
• This Policy covers publications (peer
reviewed articles, etc.) and research
data that has been produced by
researchers who were fully or partially
supported by TUBITAK …
Principles
1. Depositing by default mandatory
(green)
2. Accepting delayed OA
3. Publish in OA recommended (gold)
4. Research data management plan
(DMP) recommended
5. Publish O articles with O data
6. Justifying when data are not O
7. DMP templates and guidelines will be
provided
8. Depositing e- copies of scientific studies
9. O publishing will be taken in the
evaluation
10. OS will be promoted
11. This policy will be monitored

15. OS: main areas of activities in national plans
OS general OA O Data Evaluation Skills
 Finlandia x x x
 Slovenia x x x
 Portugal x x x
 Nederland x x x x
 France x x x x
 Serbia x x x
 Turkey x x x x
• OS activities are (today) highly concentrated around OA and open acces and open
data
• and libraries are playing an important role here, supporting OA & OD
• But OS is much broader than that,
• and libraries have a lot of new opportunities here.

16. Open Science Policy Platform Recommendations (+LERU + LIBER)
Recommendations
grouped into priorities
/ key areas
Rewards and Incentives
Research Indicators and Next-
Generation Metrics
Future of Scholarly
Communication (= OA)
European Open Science Cloud
FAIR Data
Research Integrity
Skills and Education
Citizen Science
OS is full of opportunities for libraries,
is our big opportunity

17. Summary
1. The big change
2. Open Science
3. Open Science activities
4. OS activities and their sustainability
• the Open Access case
5. OS and libraries

18. OA as testing bench for OS
OA is a good testing bench for OS, and OA, for the
moment,
• is costing more
• has not a clear alternative business model
• libraries are playing an important role in their implementation
• Will only succeed if cooperation and common infrastructures
increases
We are living a moment of transition (we are in the middle
of a big change)
• More cost
• Changes in the ‘status quo’
• Alternatives are not easy to built

19. OA (for the moment) is representing more cost
• Universities of Catalonia
have been monitoring OA
cost in 2018
• cost = APCs +
participation in OA
consortia like SCOAP3
• Is quite difficult to do, but our
findings are important:
• the amount
represents an
overcharge of
20.17% with respect
to the total paid in
journal subscriptions

20. When we talk of journals, at what journals are we referring?

21. Changes in the status quo 1/2
pay for read pay x publish
32,60 30,03
20,40 23,06
10,58 16,53
7,18 6,31
5,07 6,15
6,42 4,87
8,08 6,88
3,90 1,77
1,41 0,87
4,36 3,53
0,00 0,00
100,00 100,00
• The old model (pay x read) is based in the
previous expend.
• The new model (pay x publish) is based
on research activity.
• The transition from old to the new model
can significate savings or profits
• (so, losers and winners)
• [1% = 86.000€]

22. Changes in the status quo 2/2
Number of Pay for publish
articles
WoS 2017 apc 1500 apc 2000 apc 1000
1.684 2.526.000 € 3.368.000 € 1.684.000 €
1.293 1.939.500 € 2.586.000 € 1.293.000 €
927 1.390.500 € 1.854.000 € 927.000 €
354 531.000 € 708.000 € 354.000 €
345 517.500 € 690.000 € 345.000 €
273 409.500 € 546.000 € 273.000 €
386 579.000 € 772.000 € 386.000 €
99 148.500 € 198.000 € 99.000 €
49 73.500 € 98.000 € 49.000 €
198 297.000 € 396.000 € 198.000 €
5.608 8.412.000 € 11.216.000 € 5.608.000 €
• We all are expecting to
pay less in an OA
landscape,
• but this depends on the
APC price
• and APCs prices seem to
increase annually much
more than subscriptions
prices
• and more, APCs for
journals included in WoS is
unique that we have to pay
for?
• But, perhaps we will
have to pay more in a
new scenario

23. OA alternative models are increasing in diversity (and confusion)
• In the beginning, it was easy: green and gold
• Today
• gray
• green (post-prints)
• pale green (preprints)
• bronze
• gold pure (diamond)
• gold-APC
• hybrid

24. All these mentioned difficulties (and other ones that we can add) are making
OA impossible?
no, because of the traditional scholarly communication model is
perceived as technologically obsolete, economically costly, and
functionally poor
 today is recognized that the transition to the OA and the maintenance
of the new OA model will require
• support
• money
• consensus

25. Summary
1. The big change
2. Open Science
3. Open Science activities
4. OS activities and their sustainability
5. OS and libraries
• are libraries sustainable?

26. Why libraries has been sustainable in the past?
 Remember, before the ‘big change’, information was a scarce good
 Libraries had been sustainable because libraries have been
• technologically up to date,
• economically quite cost-effective and
• perceived as adding value
 Libraries created a FAIR ecosystem for information where print books and
journals were
• Findable (catalogs and databases),
• Accessible (library organization and ILL),
• Interoperable (standardized) and
• Reusable (preserved)
 Libraries did act as a multi-institutional organization and cooperation
has been our ‘big tool’

27. Will libraries be sustainable in the future?
 The value of the ‘book’ is disappearing in a world of free, digital and
networked information because the information is not scarce anymore
• The perception about libraries is changing very fast and they perceived
value can also disappear
 Being technologically up to date and economically cost-effective
requires every time more to scale up to have a ‘big size’
• Libraries can built a ‘big size’ back office if we increase the cooperation and
common infrastructures
 To being perceived as an institution that adds value we need clearly
build services around research
• To help in the creation of a FAIR ecosystem for the information
 Libraries must act as a multi-institutional organization and share
the vision that cooperation is our ‘big tool’

28. “… we need to recognize
that … what should be
about is not saving the
library.
Rather, … it should be
about providing a product
or service that can help
students and faculty to
more effectively,
conveniently, and
affordably do a job they’ve
been trying to do in their
scholarly lives.”
 (David W. Lewis)
In this so changing times….

29. lluis.anglada@csuc.cat
@lluisanglada
http://www.csuc.cat
Many
thanks
questions?
Çok
teşekkürler
sorular?
lluis.anglada@csuc.
cat
@lluisanglada
http://www.csuc.cat
http://www.elprofesionaldelainformacion.com/contenidos/2014/nov/07.pdf