Growth and production performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different stocking density in tide fed brackishwater pond rearing systems in West Bengal

1. Growth and produc.on performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at diﬀerent stocking density in .de fed brackishwater pond rearing systems in West Bengal ICAR-‐ Central Ins.tute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, India 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 1 Subhra Bikash BhaJacharyya,Tapas Kumar Ghoshal Jitendra Kumar Sundaray*

2. ü  Tade mullet-‐ One of the most preferred food ﬁsh in India & Bangladesh ü  Grows up to 250 g in one year and about 1 kg in two years in tradi.onal polyculture system ü  Informa.on on growth and produc.on performance in monoculture is scanty ü  Scarcity of informa.on on op.mum stocking density for L. tade monoculture ü  System and species diversiﬁca.on is need of hour Background 11/4/14 2 Objec.ve ü  To op.mize the stocking density for monoculture of Liza tade

3. q  The experiment-‐ Period of 240 days q  Experimental farm-‐ Ramkrishnachawk village, Kakdwip, 24 Pgs (S), West Bengal, India q  Tade mullets-‐ Reared at 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 3 (D3) ﬁsh/ m2 stocking densi.es with replica.on q  Ponds prepara.on-‐ Following standard procedure for brackishwater ﬁsh culture Materials and methods 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 3 Contd….

4. q Stocking-‐Nursery reared tade ﬁngerlings (4.20±0.91 g, 10.30±0.36 cm) q Feed-‐ Formulated ﬂoa.ng pellets @ 10-‐2% of biomass (protein: 29.7%, fat: 4.9%) q Feeding-‐ Twice daily at 0800 and 1630 hrs q Aera.on (2 × 2 HP) was provided in each ponds as follows: Days of culture Aerator run .me Morning Evening 1 -‐ 60 0500 -‐ 0530 1500 -‐ 1530 61 -‐120 0500 -‐ 0540 1450 -‐ 1530 121 – 180 0500 -‐ 0550 1440 -‐ 1530 181 -‐ 240 0500 -‐ 0600 1430 -‐ 1530 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 4

5. q  Daily weight gain (DWG) was determined as: 𝑫𝑾𝑮= 𝑾↓𝒇 − 𝑾↓𝒊 /𝒕  q  Specific growth rate (SGR) was determined as: 𝑺𝑮𝑹= 𝐥 𝐧 𝒘↓𝒇 ⁠− 𝒍 𝒏⁠ 𝒘↓𝒊   /𝒕 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎 q  Length-‐weight rela.onship was calculated as: 𝑾= 𝒂. 𝑻 𝑳↑𝒃  q  Condi.on factor (K) was determined using Fulton’s condi.on equa.on as: 𝑲= 𝒘 /( 𝑻 𝑳) ↑ 𝟑   × 𝟏 𝟎↑ 𝟓  𝑊↓𝑓  and 𝑊↓𝑖  are the average final and iniGal weight in Gme t 𝑊↓𝑓  and 𝑊↓𝑖  are the average final and iniGal weight in Gme t W is fish weight (g), TL is total length (mm), a: proporGonality constant ,b: isometric exponent 𝑤  is the average weight (g) and 𝑇 𝐿  is the average total length (mm) Fish growth parameters 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 5

6. q  Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) was determined as: FCR = total feed intake/ total biomass produc.on q  Survival (Sr %) was determined as: Sr (%) = (number of fish harvested/ number of fish stocked) ×100 q  Coefficient of varia.on (CVhw) at harvest weight was determined as: CVhw = mean standard devia.on of final weight/ mean final weight of fish q  Fish produc.vity (kg/ ha) was determined as: Pr (kg/ ha) = Stocking no (/ha)× ABW (kg) × Sr (%) Fish produc.on parameters 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 6

7. q  Physico-‐chemical parameters – (APHA, 1998) o  Water temperature (⁰C) o  Salinity (ppt) o  pH o  Dissolved oxygen (DO, mg L-‐l) o  Nitrite-‐nitrogen (NO2-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Nitrate-‐nitrogen (NO3-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Ammonia-‐nitrogen (NH3-‐N, µg L-‐l) o  Phosphate-‐phosphorus (PO4-‐P, µg L-‐l) q  Plankton samples collected monthly by ﬁltering 50 L of water through bol.ng silk plankton net (mesh size 64 μm). q  Quan.ta.ve & qualita.ve analysis -‐ Direct census method (Jhingran et al., 1969) Water quality parameters 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 7

8. Highest growth was observed in D1 (225±10 g) followed by D2 (212±8 g) and D3 (167±10 g) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Average Body Weight (g) Months Growth of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density D1 D2 D3 0 50 100 150 200 250 D1 D2 D3 Average body weight (g) Stocking density Average body weight of tade mullet at harvest in1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density Results 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 8

9. 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 D1 D2 D3 Daily weight gain (g/ day) Daily weight gain (DWG, g/ day) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2 stocking density 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 D1 D2 D3 Specific growth rate (%/ day) Specific growth rate (SGR, %/ day) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 fish/ m2 stocking density Daily weight gain and specific growth rate decreased with increasing stocking density 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 9

10. TL = 0.0075W3.08 R² = 0.98 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 5 15 25 35 Body weight (g) Total length (cm) D1 TL = 0.0056W3.01 R² = 0.96 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 5 15 25 35 Body weight (g) Total length (cm) D2 TL = 0.0085W2.92 R² = 0.97 0 50 100 150 200 250 5 15 25 35 Body weight (g) Total length (cm) D3 Tade mullet in D2 showed isometric growth (b=3.01), whereas ﬁshes in D1 and D3 showed posi.ve allometric (b = 3.08) and nega.ve allometric (b=2.92) growth respec.vely Note: when the b parameter is equal to 3 growth is isometric and when it is less than or greater than 3 it is allometric (Enin, 1994). Woo[on (1992) was more speciﬁc and stated growth to be posiGve allometric when organism weight increases more than length (b<3), and negaGve allometric when length increases more than weight (b>3).

11. 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 D1 D2 D3 Condi.on factor (K) Condi.on factor (K) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 D1 D2 D3 Survival (%) Survival (%) of tade mullet in 1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density Condi.on factor (K) and survival (%) reduced with increasing stocking density 11/4/14 11

12. 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 D1 D2 D3 Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) of tade mullet reared in 1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 D1 D2 D3 Produc.on (ton/ ha) Produc.on (ton/ ha) of tade mullet reared in 1, 2 and 3 ﬁsh/ m2 stocking density Feed conversion ra.o (FCR) and produc.on (ton/ ha) increased with increasing stocking density 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 12

13. Water quality parameters of Tade mullet (Liza tade) rearing ponds at 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) fish/ m2 stocking density Water parameters D1 D2 D3 Water temperature (ºC) 29.9±1.7 29.9±1.7 29.7±1.9 pH 8.0±0.2a 7.9±0.2a 7.7±0.3b DO (mg L-‐1) 6.0±0.4a 5.9±0.5a 5.6±0.5b Salinity (ppt) 16.8±5.3 16.7±5.3 16.8±5.1 NO2-‐N (µg L-‐l) 36.7±3.8c 41.6±5.6b 54.7±6.6a NO3-‐N (µg L-‐l) 194.1±15.4c 211.4±11.1b 279.7±8.9a NH4-‐N (µg L-‐l) 175.1±14.6b 179.1±17.9b 254.8±36.2a PO4-‐P (µg L-‐l) 182.6±16.4a 169.1±8.9b 127.6±12.7c Phytoplankton (nos L-‐1 ×103) 17.2±1.2a 15.1±0.9b 12.5±0.7c Zooplankton (nos L-‐1 ×103) 3.7±0.2a 3.1±0.2b 2.8±0.1c Means bearing different superscripts indicate sta.s.cally significant differences in a row (p<0.05); Values are expressed as mean ± SE of three replicate ponds. NO3-‐N, NO2-‐N and NH4-‐N increased and DO, pH, PO4-‐P and plankton popula.on decreased with increasing stocking density 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 13

14. 14 Economic analysis revealed higher B: C ra.o in treatment D2 Currency men.oned is Indian Rupee (100 INR=1.67 US$). Item QuanGty/ ha Rate (Rs) D1 D2 D3 Opera.onal cost (OC) T a d e m u l l e t fingerlings 10000, 20000 and 30000 D1, D2 and D3 5 fingerling-‐1 50000 100000 150000 Manure 250 kg 20 kg-‐1 5000 5000 5000 Lime 3000 kg 6 kg-‐1 18000 18000 18000 Feed 2982, 6303 and 7825 kg in D1, D2 and D3 35 kg-‐1 104385 220605 273875 Labour 140, 160 and180 man-‐ days in D1, D2 and D3 250 man-‐day-‐1 35000 40000 45000 Sub total 212385 383605 491875 Interest on OC (8 months) Annual-‐12 % 16991 30695 39350 Total OC 229376 414300 531225 Economic return Tade mullet sale 1977, 3708 and 4309 kg from D1, D2 and D3 210, 200 and 180 from D1, D2 and D3 415170 741600 775620 Gross return 185794 327300 244395 Benefit cost (B:C) ra.o 1.81 1.97 1.46 Comparison of economic parameters among treatments

15. Conclusion 11/4/14 CPWF WORKSHOP-‐DHAKA 15 •  The results demonstrate the feasibility of system diversifica.on with tade mullet farming •  Decrease in growth parameters at higher densi.es is probably due to crowding •  Economic analysis revealed highest benefit cost ra.o of 1.97: 1 with 2 fish/ m2 stocking density •  Stocking density of 3 fish/ m2 resulted a produc.on up to 4 tons/ ha in 8 months

16. THANK YOU ALL 11/4/14 GROW FISH-‐ GROW WITH FISH 16

Growth and production performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different stocking density in tide fed brackishwater pond rearing systems in West Bengal

International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

Growth and production performance of tade mullet, Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) at different stocking density in tide fed brackishwater pond rearing systems in West Bengal