C.AJAY PRASANNA – 20B004
FAIZAN ASHIQ – 20B022
A.SAILENDRA KESAVAN – 20B128
18CEPMO
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

TITLE :-
FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR DISASTER

INTRODUCTION
● MASSIVE EARTHQUAKE

INTRODUCTION
● MASSIVE EARTHQUAKE + TSUNAMI

INTRODUCTION
● MASSIVE EARTHQUAKE + TSUNAMI + NUCLEAR DISASTER=FUKUSIMA
DISASTER

FUKUSIMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
● ONE OF THE LARGEST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN THE WORLD.
● IT CONSIST OF 6 REACTORS (US DESIGHED).
● ITS TOTAL CAPACITY IS 4.7 GW( KUDANKULAM-6000MW).
● IT IS LOCATED IN THE CITY OF FUTABA ( 250 KM FROM TOKYO).
● IT WAS COMMISSIONED ON 1971.
● IT WAS OPERATED BY TOKYO ENERGY COMPANY.

WHY JAPAN NEED NUCLEAR ENERGY
● LACK OF DOMESTIC ENERGY RESOURCES.
● IT HAS LESS CARBON EMMISSION.
● TO REDUCE IMPORTS OF FOSSIL FUEL.
● BEFORE 2011,54 REACTORS-48,847 MW.
● IN 2022,33 REACTORS -31,679 MW.

CAUSES: 1. EARTHQUAKE
● THE PLANT IS DESIGHED TO WITHSTAND
EARTHQUAKE OF AROUND 7.9 MAGNITUDE BUT IN
MAR 11 2011 , IT WAS 9.1 IN RITCHER SCALE.
● IT CAUSED HEAVY DAMAGE TO THE COOLING
SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.
● BUT STILL THE PLANT IS SAFE WITH THE HELP OF
EMERGENY DISEAL GENERATORS WHICH IS
PLACED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PLANT.

CAUSES: 2.TSUNAMI
● PLANT POSSESS A SEA WALL OVER A HEIGHT OF 6 M
BUT TSUNAMI WAVES REACHES A HEIGHT OF AROUND
15 M .
● TSUNAMI WAVES FLOODED THE ENTIRE PLANT AND
DAMAGES THE DISEAL GENERATORS.
● IT AFFECTED THE OPERATION OF COOLING SYSTEM.
● THE FUEL RODS STARTED TO MELT DUE TO LACK OF
WATER.
● TEMPERATURE BEING TO RISE IN THE REACTORS
(1,2,3) AT AN ALARMING RATE.

CAUSES: 3.DESIGH FLAWS
● THE PLANT IS LOCATED IN A EARTHQUAKE ,TSUNAMI PRONE
AREA.
● BACKUP POWER SYSTEMS ARE NOT DESIGHED TO WITHSTAND
SEVERE DISASTER CONDITIONS.
● COOLING SYSTEM IS NOT DESIGNED TO OPERATE FOR A
EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME AFTER POWER FAILURE.
● NO CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES TO WITHSTAND HIGH LEVEL OF
RADIATIONS.
● SPACING BETWEEN REACTORS IS VERY CLOSE.

CAUSE : 4. HUMAN ERROR
● NO PROPER TRAINING IS GIVEN TO THE WORKERS TO HANDLE
DIFFICULT SITUATION.
● MISCOMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE WORKERS ,AUTHORITIES AND
GOVERNMENT ABOUT THE STATUS OF THE PLANT.
● USE OF SEA WATER TO COOL THE REACTOR RESULTED IN THE
DEPOSITION OF SALT AND CORROSION OF REACTOR.

CAUSE: 5. HYDROGEN BUILD UP
● DUE TO FAILURE OF COOLING SYSTEM ,FUEL RODS(ZERCONIUM
ALLOY) MELT TO RELEASE FREE ZIRCONIUM IONS WHICH REACTS
WITH STEAM AT HIGH TEMPERATURE RESULTS IN RELEASE OF
HYDROGEN.
● HYDROGEN BUILT UP INCREASES PRESSURE AND RESULTED IN
EXPLOSION OF REACTORS .
● HIGH LEVEL OF RADIATION IS RELEASED INTO THE SURROUNDING
ENVIRONMENT.

EFFECTS: 1. LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE
● DUE TO TSUNAMI: OVER 15000 DEATHS
● DUE TO EARTHQUAKE : OVER 4000 DEATHS
● DUE TO NUCLEAR DISASTER:
● DIRECT: 2 WORKERS
● INDIRECT: OVER 1000 DEATHS DURING EVACUATION.
● SLIGHT INCREASE IN CANCER RATE.

EFFECTS:2.LOSS OF LAND AREA
● APPROXIMATELY 2,356 SQUARE KILOMETERS (APPROXIMATELY 909
SQUARE MILES) OF LAND IN FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE REMAIN
DESIGNATED AS A "DIFFICULT-TO-RETURN" ZONE DUE TO HIGH
LEVELS OF RADIATION CONTAMINATION.

EFFECTS: 3. ECONOMIC LOSS
● TOTAL LOSS AROUND 150 BILLION EUROS .
● HIGHER ENERGY COST.
● TOURISM SHOWED SHARP DECLINE .
● FALLING OF JAPANESE STOCK MARKET.
● AGRICULTURE , FISHING GOT AFFECTED DUE TO
FEAR OF RADIATION.

HOW TO SURVIVE A NUCLEAR DISASTER
● IF YOUR HOUSE IS NEAR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT THEN BUILD A
EMERGENCY SUPPLY KIT.

HOW TO SURVIVE A NUCLEAR DISASTER
● GET INSIDE ,STAY INSIDE,STAY TUNED.

HOW TO SURVIVE A NUCLEAR DISASTER
● GET INSIDE: IF WARNED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF A RADIATION
HAZARD, IMMEDIATELY GET INSIDE THE NEAREST BUILDING AND
MOVE AWAY FROM WINDOWS. PUT AS MANY WALLS BETWEEN YOU
AND THE OUTSIDE TO PROTECT YOU FROM THE RADIATION OUTSIDE

HOW TO SURVIVE A NUCLEAR DISASTER
● IF YOU ARE EXPOSED TO A RADIATION DUST.
● 1. ENTER A SAFE ZONE.
● 2. REMOVE ALL YOUR CLOTHES.
● 3. IF POSSIBLE TAKE SHOWER OR CLEAN YOUR SKIN WITH WET
CLOTH.

HOW TO SURVIVE A NUCLEAR DISASTER
● IF YOU ARE TRAVELLING IN CAR DURING DISASTER
● 1. CLOSE YOUR CAR WINDOWS.
● 2. SWITCH OFF YOUR VENTILATION SYSTEM.
● 3. FIND A SAFE ZONE(CONCRETE BUILDINGS,BASEMENTS ETC).

SURVIVAL METHODS(SOURCE)
● https://www.ready.gov/radiation.
An official website of the United States government

THANK YOU !