The document discusses various causes and impacts of water pollution. It describes natural and artificial sources of water pollution, including human and industrial waste. Key indicators of water pollution are discussed such as dissolved oxygen levels and biochemical oxygen demand. Methods of wastewater treatment include mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. Specific examples of water pollution in Italy and Czestochowa, Poland are provided, highlighting pollution from sewage, agriculture, and various industries. The purpose of wastewater treatment is to protect natural environments and water purity.

1. The causes and the remedies ofThe causes and the remedies of
the water pollutionthe water pollution
THE
WATER

2. WATER ON THE EARTH
Water in nature is one of the main
constituents of ecosystems and is the
basis of all known life forms,
including humans. It was the basis of
the origin of life on our planet and it
is essential to civil, agricultural and
industrial use. Men recognized since
ancient times its importance, and
identified as one of the main
constituents of the universe, giving it
a deep symbolic value, found in major
religions.

3. THE WATER POLLUTION
Poland water pollution Italy water pollution

4. Assessment of the degreeAssessment of the degree
of pollutionof pollution
The degree of pollution is determined by the so-calledThe degree of pollution is determined by the so-called iindicatorsndicators
of pollution, which refers to the concentration of the substanceof pollution, which refers to the concentration of the substance
in milligrams per 1 dm ³ of water. One of the most importantin milligrams per 1 dm ³ of water. One of the most important
indicators of surface water pollution is the concentration ofindicators of surface water pollution is the concentration of
dissolved oxygendissolved oxygen, which can take the maximum value of 8.9, which can take the maximum value of 8.9
mg/dm3 - lower concentration of oxygen indicates the pollutionmg/dm3 - lower concentration of oxygen indicates the pollution
of organic compounds, biochemical degradation, decrease inof organic compounds, biochemical degradation, decrease in
oxygen concentrations below 4 mg/dm3 causes death of manyoxygen concentrations below 4 mg/dm3 causes death of many
aquatic organisms . Other indicators of pollution of naturalaquatic organisms . Other indicators of pollution of natural
waters are:waters are: biochemical oxygen demandbiochemical oxygen demand, which is a measure, which is a measure
of the content of biochemical degradable organic compounds,of the content of biochemical degradable organic compounds,
chemical oxygen demandchemical oxygen demand - a measure of the contents of all- a measure of the contents of all
organic compounds, the presence of suspended mineral andorganic compounds, the presence of suspended mineral and
organic, and inorganic and organic compounds of nitrogen,organic, and inorganic and organic compounds of nitrogen,
phosphorusphosphorus..

5. Water pollution is divided
into:
Natural, derived from impurities
contained in the surface waters and
groundwater’s
Artificial associated with human activity:
a) biological, due to the presence of
pathogenic microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, protozoa
and their toxins
b) chemical, refer to changes in chemical
composition and pH. These include oil,
petrol, grease, oil, detergents, pesticides,
fertilizers, aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy
metal salts, strong acids, alkalis, phenols
and cresols.

6. Protection of water resources is primarily
on the technical solution, such as:
- the application of
technology without
wastewater
- of aeration of stagnant
water
- by closing water circuits
- for mine water recycling
and re-injection of water
into the ground
- to secure the dumps and
landfills
- a wastewater treatment

7. Methods of wastewater
treatment:
- Mechanical-consisting
of the removal of
insoluble impurities
- Chemical-precipitation
consisting of certain
soluble compounds or
their neutralization
- The most important in
the biological
wastewater treatment
technologies, involving
the purification of
pollutants by the action
of microorganisms
Wastewater Treatment
Technology

8. Water contamination in
Czestochowa:
Major water pollution and sediments come from municipal and industrial wastewater
and runoff pollution of the area of agricultural crops. Stradomka`s water is polluted by
industrial waste water and rainwater drainage. Smaller industrial plants located in
Czestochowa discharge wastewater into municipal sewage systems and municipal
wastewater to the Central Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Company "Warta"
in Czestochowa.

9. Purpose of wastewater treatment :
The primary objective of wastewater treatment is to protect the natural
environment, and above all to protect the purity of surface waters.

10. Causes of waterCauses of water
pollution in Italypollution in Italy
 They contain large amounts of human excrement and should
be purified. Unfortunately they are not (just half of them).
 Sludges can contain microorganisms that cause diseases
(cholera, salmonellosis, etc.), and can be very dangerous for
men.
The sewers of the city
Agriculture
Pesticides used in agriculture remain on the ground and plants, so when it rains the water
enters in the ground and it becomes polluted.
Then water reaches water-bearing stratums where nitrates and phosphates, which are in it
becouse of fertilizers used in agriculture, are released and then they spread.

11. The toxic industrial wasteThe toxic industrial waste
 Heavy metals (mercury, oftenHeavy metals (mercury, often
used as a fungicide; lead used inused as a fungicide; lead used in
batteriesbatteries, etc.), etc.)
 The metal oxides andThe metal oxides and otherother
products of the pharmaceuticalproducts of the pharmaceutical
industry.industry.
 Hydrocarbons toxic (used toHydrocarbons toxic (used to
make insecticides such as DDTmake insecticides such as DDT
or processing of plastics andor processing of plastics and
paints)paints)
Industries releasedIndustries released toxic wastetoxic waste, which contain, which contain Heavy metalsHeavy metals,,
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons and Cand Chhromium, in rivers and seas.romium, in rivers and seas.

12. Oil pollutionOil pollution
 Most of the seas are polluted by oil, and oneMost of the seas are polluted by oil, and one
of the most polluted seas in the world is theof the most polluted seas in the world is the
Mediterranean, because its waters are renewedMediterranean, because its waters are renewed
very slowly (80-100 years).very slowly (80-100 years).
 Some oil tankers wash their tanks with seaSome oil tankers wash their tanks with sea
water, and there are also a lot of accidents. Inwater, and there are also a lot of accidents. In
this way, million tons of oil are dischargedthis way, million tons of oil are discharged
into the oceans. Mediterranean (only 1% ofinto the oceans. Mediterranean (only 1% of
the world seas) concentrates 28% of global oilthe world seas) concentrates 28% of global oil
pollution.pollution.
 The oil forms a thick, surface layer, calledThe oil forms a thick, surface layer, called
"black tide", which prevents oxygenation of"black tide", which prevents oxygenation of
water and sunlight penetration. Organismswater and sunlight penetration. Organisms
cannot live without oxygen and sunlight. Socannot live without oxygen and sunlight. So
the damages to the enviroment arethe damages to the enviroment are
irreparable.irreparable.

13. MolgoraMolgora WartaWarta
pH sourcepH source
pH coursepH course
pH tappH tap
Temperature sourceTemperature source
Temperature courseTemperature course
Temperature tapTemperature tap
Water hardness sourceWater hardness source
Water hardness courseWater hardness course
Water hardness tapWater hardness tap

14. Arnone Matteo
Belingheri Omar
Fasce Federico
Migliorino Lorenzo
Ernest Kyć
Michał Stolarski
Adam Chłąd
Kamil Tratkiewicz