Embedded ubiquity keynote

®

IBM Software Group

Embedded Ubiquity and the Exigency of
Dependability
Designing systems as if our lives depend on them

Dr. Bruce Powel Douglass, Ph.D.
Chief Evangelist, IBM Rational
Bruce.Douglass@us.ibm.com
Twitter: @BruceDouglass
Yahoo: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/RT-UML
IBM: www-01.ibm.com/software/rational/leadership/thought/brucedouglass.html

Innovation for a smarter planet © 2012 IBM Corporation

IBM Software Group | Rational software

Triathlon – A life without embedded devices?
 Individual sport composed of
 Swimming
 Bicycling
 Running
 And, occasionally, throwing up
 You against the course, mano a mano
 A sport of grit, determination, endurance,
and pain tolerance
 Surely this has nothing to do with
embedded systems

Innovation for a smarter planet 2


A day in the (embedded) life of a triathlete

Yes, I am wearing devil horns –
That’s the way I roll …



Embedded Systems for Triathletes?

Bike computer

Bike power meter
GPS Sports Watch w/ HR, cadence, computer interface

Race timing system


What about the stuff around the triathlete?



Healthcare is deeply electronically-interconnected

Primary Care
Specialists Physician
Electronic Personal
Health Health Record Health Record
Plans

Patient

Pharmacy /
Surgery
Labs

Employers Care Emergency
Providers Department
Medical Devices
Imaging, Pumps,
Robotics

Remote Emergency
Monitoring Services
State & Central
Programs Remote Telehealth
Data Diagnosis Consultation



We live in a deeply electronically-interconnected world
 Each subject area is rich with embedded systems closely interconnected
 All subject areas interconnect with others providing and using data and services
 This interconnection provides the basis for a technology-centric society

Water Treatment,
Power Generation Water management, sewer
Communications Pharmacy /
Generation and distribution Phone, Radio, TV Labs

Emergency
Transportation Health Care Department
Planes, Trains & Autos Imaging, Pumps,
Robotics



Are we ready to develop these systems?

Are we ready?
• To deliver the functionality?
• To deliver the performance?
• To integrate dozens to hundreds of complex systems?
• To deliver the system with adequate security?
• To deliver the system with adequate safety?




Are we ready?

Malware implicated in fatal Spanair
plane crash
- msnbc.com August 23, 2010




Nuclear plant in Georgia forced into
emergency shutdown due to
unintentional “cyber-incident”
- Washington Post, June 5, 2008
Are we ready?

plane crash




Are we ready?
Braking software glitch contributes to
recall of hundreds of thousands of
vehicles worldwide
- Associated Press, 2010
plane crash




Are we ready? Siemens SCADA system breached by
weaponized computer virus
- ComputerWorld July 17, 2010
Braking software glitch contributes to
recall of hundreds of thousands of
vehicles worldwide
- Associated Press, 2010
plane crash



Systems Engineering – the solution to all our problems….?



State of the Practice for Systems Development
 Systems and Software Engineering Environment in general
 Are document-centric
 Require huge investment in planning that doesn’t reflect actual project execution
 Have difficulty adapting to change.
 Require expensive and error-prone manual review and update processes.
 Require long integration and validation cycles
 Are difficult to maintain over the long haul
 Additional standards constraints
(eg DO-178B, ISO26262, AUTOSAR,
DoDAF) add to the challenge
 Tooling Selection
 Dependability engineering
 Safety
 Reliability
 Security
 System certification



Modern Processes and Practices are Evolving

Past Future

Model-Based Engineering Analysis &
Design

Defect Avoidance Requirements
Definition &
Management
Construction

Configuratio

Defensive Design n & Change
Mgmt

Build &
Release

Continuous Integration Management

Quality
Asset
Management
& Reuse
Management

Risk Management Production

Project Governance
Dynamic Planning THE AGILE MODEL

Moving from waterfall “ballistic” planning to incremental, adaptive approach


High-Fidelity Modeling for Systems Engineering
 Hi-MBE brings to engineering
 Precision
 Executability
 Stakeholder/Analysis-relevant viewpoints at any desired level of abstraction e.g.
 Functionality
 State-based behavior
 Algorithmic/control behavior
 Structure and Architecture
 Integration of engineering work, e.g.
 Functional requirements
 Dependability analysis
– Safety
– Reliability
– Security/Information Assurance
 Architectural structure, behavior, and allocation
 Control analysis



Models and Viewpoints in Model-Based Systems Engineering

Subsystems, interfaces, Mechanical
Subsystem use cases/ Specification Model and text
Functional Requirements
Model
Model-
bas ed
Executable use cases
Architectural handof f
Functional and
QoS requirements Model

Subsystem Electronic
Model(s) Specification

Dependability Model and text
Model

Safety, reliability,
Control
and security analysis Model
FTA, FMEA, FEMCA,
Software
Asset Diagram, SAD Control algorithms, Specification Model and text
mathematical models


Dependability == ∑ Safety, Reliability, and Security
 Cyberphysical systems and system of systems exist today that create and manage
society-supporting services and systems, including
 Power grids
 Transportation (air, ground, and sea)
 Emergency response
 Water and sewage
 Communications
 … to name just a few
 Cyberphysical systems and systems of systems have the potential for extremely
impactful consequences in terms of safety, reliability, and security
 It is crucial that we can reason appropriately about these concerns early and not
rely on ex post facto analyses



Model-Based Dependability Analysis



Model-Based Threat Analysis
 Security Analysis Diagram (SAD)
is like a Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
but for security, rather than safety
 It looks for the logical relation
between assets, vulnerabilities,
attacks, and security violations
 Permits reasoning about security
 What kind?
 How much?
 Where?
 When?
 Risk assessments



Model-Based Threat Analysis
 An Asset Diagram looks at
the semantic relations
between roles,
authentication,
vulnerabilities, and
countermeasures. It is a
way of representing the
security-relevant design
elements.
 Here it is shown with
traceability links to
requirements
 Assets can be
 Physical
 Informational
 Currency
 Resource
 Security
 Services



Auto-generation of dependability-relevant summary data
Fault Source Matrix, Fault Detection Matrix, Fault-Requirement Matrix, FMEA, FMCA, Hazard Analysis…

• Traceability improves your ability to
make your safety/security case

Dependability metadata guides
- System requirements
- Downstream engineering work
- Regulatory approval submissions



Design for Dependability
Dependability Analysis:
• Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
• Fault Means and Effective
Analysis (FMEA)
• Hazard Analysis Safety Eng.
• Security Analysis Diagram ARP-4761
• Asset Diagram ISO
26262
IEC 61508

Requirements Analysis:
• Functional and Non-Functional
Requirements
• Safety Requirements Systems Eng.
• Business and Regulatory
ARP-4754
Requirements

System and Software Design:
• Structural
• Behavioral Software
Developer
• Temporal
DO-178B
• … IEC 62304



Systems Engineering Workflows (e.g. Safety Analysis)

Harmony/SE
Systems Engineering:
Requirements Analysis



Harmony/SE: Design Synthesis



Update Safety Analysis Task



Tooling automates best practice workflows
Use modeling to validate requirements, architecture
and design throughout the development process
Practices
Architecture & Design
Rational Rhapsody and Process

Requirements
Management Quality Management
Rational Quality Manager
Rational DOORS

Manage all system requirements Achieve “quality by design”
with full traceability across Collaboration with an integrated, automated
the lifecycle Rational Team Concert testing process
Collaborate across diverse engineering
disciplines and development teams

COLLABORATE AUTOMATE REPORT
Achieve common Increase efficiency Continuously improve
goals by optimizing and predictability by by measuring and
how people work integrating workflows reporting progress



Designing systems as if our lives depend on them
 Our society is only sustainable with technological assistance
 Reliable, safe, and secure delivery of services
 Productivity of agriculture and industry
 Unbroken distribution chains
 Low cost of energy
 Balancing dwindling resources
 Innovation in production
 The systems we create today are absolutely crucial in supporting our society, health,
and well-being
 (Hard) Each individual system must be designed to be reliable, safe, and secure
 (Harder) The totality of systems acting in concert must be reliable, safe and secure
 This can be done by innovatively supporting systems development with
 Intelligence
 Best Practices
 Tooling



Thank you very much!


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