Class PowerPoint

1. Bell Ringer
Based on what you have learned, answer the following:
What event(s) led to anti-
British feelings during the
early 1800’s?

2. The War of 1812
Essential Questions:
What significant events occurred during the War of 1812?

3. War Looms
James Madison had been elected
president during a time of crisis
Congress agreed to pass new trade
laws that allowed trade with whichever
country (France or Great Britain)
removed trade restrictions
Napoleon (France) promise to lift
restrictions
France was still capturing American
ships
Americans were divided over who the
enemy should be
Madison believed the bigger threat was
Great Britain

4. Broken Treaties
White settlers were
breaking treaties by
moving into Native
American land
Shawnee chief, Tecumseh
tried to form an alliance of
tribes in the Northwest
Tecumseh had the support
of the British in Canada
Tecumseh believed
American treaties with
Native Americans were
worthless

5. Tenskwatawa
Tecumseh’s brother
Known as “the prophet”
Urged tribes to return to
their ancient customs
Founded Prophetstown,
Indiana where the
Tippecanoe and
Wabash Rivers meet

6. William Henry Harrison
Governor of Indiana
Worried about the
growing power of
Tecumseh and
Tenskwatawa
Warned Tecumseh (via
letter) that the U.S. had
more warriors than their
tribes
Tecumseh replied in
person

7. Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison attacked
Prophetstown while
Tecumseh was away
expanding the confederacy
After two hours of battle,
the Prophet’s troops fled
After this battle, Tecumseh
joined forces with the
British
Settlers believed the British
supplied Native Americans
with guns

8. The War Hawks
Madison faced demands
for a more aggressive
foreign policy
A group of young
Republicans led by Henry
Clay and John C. Calhoun
were the loudest
Supported increases in
military spending
Motivated by land and
nationalism (loyalty to their
country)

9. The Eve of War
By the Spring of 1812,
Madison knew he
couldn’t delay any more
British had decided to
end their policy of
seizing American ships,
but the news arrived too
late, Congress had
already declared war

10. Challenges for America
Even though the War Hawks were confident, America was
unprepared
The army was small and many Revolutionary War generals were
too old to fight
Many Americans opposed “Mr. Madison’s War”
America underestimated the strength of the Native American/British
alliance
Fearing a massacre by Native Americans, General William Hull lost
Detroit
Americans were unsuccessful in conquering Lake Erie
William Henry Harrison unsuccessfully led one of these missions

11. U.S. Naval Strength
America had some of
the fastest frigates
(warships)
Conquered many British
ships
Oliver Hazard Perry
would eventually win
Lake Erie from the
British

12. Battle of the Thames
Harrison and his troops
had prevented the
British from pulling back
from the Detroit area by
cutting them off.
Tecumseh was killed in
this battle

13. Defeat of the Creeks
Before his death,
Tecumseh spoke to the
Creeks in Mississippi about
forming a confederacy
With his death, hopes for a
confederation and the
alliance with the British
ended
In the Battle of Horseshoe
Bend, Andrew Jackson
defeated the Creeks and
forced them to give up
most of their land

14. The British Offensive
British were fighting with
the French and the U.S.
early on
After defeating the French,
they were able to send
more troops to America
British launched an attack
on Washington, D.C.,
setting fire to the Capitol
Building and the White
House.
British moved to Baltimore
but were unsuccessful in
winning Fort McHenry

15. Francis Scott Key
Local attorney who
watched the bombs
bursting over Fort
McHenry
The next morning, he
noticed that the
American flag was still
waving
He was deeply moved
and wrote a poem
entitled, ‘The Star-
Spangled Banner”

16. Turning Point at Plattsburgh
British General Sir George
Provost was moving into
New York from Canada
His goal was to take
Plattsburgh, a key city on
Lake Champlain
America defeated the
British and forced them to
retreat to Canada
British defeat at Lake
Champlain convinced them
that the war was no longer
worth the effort

17. The End of the War
Treaty of Ghent signed in
1814
One final battle occurred
before word of the treaty
reached the U.S.
In the Battle of New
Orleans, hundreds of
British were killed by forces
led by Andrew Jackson
The Battle of New Orleans
made Jackson a national
hero

18. Nationalism and New Respect
From the beginning,
Federalists opposed “Mr.
Madison’s War”
The Federalists came
across as unpatriotic
The War Hawks took over
as the top political party,
carrying over the
Federalists’ views on big
government
Americans felt a new
sense of patriotism after
the war