Tom Olijhoek, Scientific Advisor on research of Tropical Diseases

1. Effects of Open Access and the power of scientific
communities
Tom Olijhoek
Open Knowledge Foundation
Wageningen UR Library
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3. Comparing
Tools for use
Definition and Open Access The cost of Effects of How to get
with Open
Needs and Toll Access Open Access Open Access Open Access
Access
publishing

4. Open Access is completely free and unrestricted
access to Publications and Data
A detailed Definition was published by the Budapest Open
Access Initiative in 2001 (BOAI Definition) and an Update
was published this year (2012)
@ccess, the open access initiative at the Open Knowledge
Foundation uses this Definition
In addition we strongly recommend using Creative Commons
licenses, CC-BY for publications and CC0 for Data

5. whoneedsaccess.org
All People NOT only scientists
need access to research but can‟t get it
because of
with Open Access 40% of new readers are
from outside academia
Marcha_por_la_Educación_en_Santiago

6. “more than three-quarters of researchers based in the developing world consider lack of access
both to be unethical and costing lives” ( MW Survey)
SURVEY RESULTS Testimonials MalariaWorld
MALARIAWORLD
Research resources for diseases of the poor must be made available
without cost to the poor and those who are committed to helping them
95% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed .
to the „statement that Scientific articles on Our management discourages us from supporting new open access
malaria should be available for free to all in journals due to their low, or unassigned, impact factor.
need of it‟
When did scientists start agreeing with this slave-type of agreement
with publishing houses? How could this nonsense have started? We
Only 2% never experience access problems inherited this sick system, but that does not mean we should allow it to
continue
In Africa, South America, and Asia, 41, 79, at my university the department only pay publication fees for persons
and 92% of the respondents , respectively, with a permanent position. The rest of us have to find the money
claimed never to use HINARI or did not even somehow - or bribe a prof
know about its existence
Open-source is not without downsides. I favor a mixed model in
developed countries with open access for developing countries.

7.  TRANSFER of COPYRIGHTS
(since 1998!)
 RIGHT TO READ BUT NOT TO USE
 PAY PER VIEW

8. 1,350 $ / article 5,333 $ / article
4 x less than Toll Access TOTAL 16 billion
Eventually cost may go down to These are cost for funding agencies
250 $ / article On TOTAL Budget 300 billion
Open access publishing Research funding now
will then eventually be 20 x needs 5 % for publishing
cheaper than Toll Access
Sources: http://www.stm-assoc.org/2009_10_13_MWC_STM_Report.pdf
SVPOW :http://svpow.com/2012/07/18/what-does-it-cost-to-publish-a-
paywalled-paper-with-anyone/

10. SOMEHOW SOMEWHERE SOMEONE IS GOING TO PAY
WHO PAYS? IS OPEN ACCESS SUSTAINABLE?
Less than 1% of current Several studies show: OA benefits outweigh
science funding will easily
cover the cost of open the costs by a factor of 5 or more
access publishing
Houghton (2009-2010)
Funders and libraries are Swan (2010)
now paying 5 % or $ 15 Brembs (2011)
billion on a total funding of CED DCC final Report 2012
$ 300 billion

11. The effects of Open Access
“
Science &
Politics Economics
Education
Open Open
development
science government
Open Informed
innovation
education citizens

12. Open Access improves the quality of science
OA enables new ways Open Access improves the
of measuring Impact quality of science
Articles can be Open Science prevents
reviewed by many fraud
Downloads & Open data prevents data
social media buzz tampering
reflect impact
Open access enables
new forms of Michael
Include impact in other areas collaboration and
than science discovery Nielsen
Reinventing
Discovery
Open access enables citizen
science

13. The Impact Factor is a main obstruction to
Open Access
The current publishing model exploits scientists' addiction to
Impact Factor. There is methadone OA, and then there's getting
clean.
Ethan Perlstein.
scientists are hesitant to publish in open access journals because
employers are always looking at impact factor
Sick of Impact Factors
I am sick of impact factors and so is science.
The impact factor might have started out as a good idea, but its
time has come and gone
Stephen Currey
How to get rid of the Impact Factor
Björn Brembs & Peter Binfield

14. PLoS Medicine, IF 2-11 (8.4)
(The PLoS Medicine Editors (2006) The
Negotiable Impact Factor Game. PLoS Med 3(6): e291.
Irreproducible Rossner M, van Epps H, Hill E (2007): Show me the
data. The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 179, No. 6,
1091-1092
Mathematically
unsound Weak correlation of individual article citation rate
with journal IF
Björn Brembs
http://www.slideshare.net/brembs/limited-
access-is-a-symptom-not-the-disease

15. „New‟ Definition of Scientific Impact

16. A-Vector: introducing a new form of journal
level metrics
Quality of editorial board Quality of peer-review
• Citation index • “Transparency” indicators
• Reputation • Criteria used by reviewers
• Collaboration • Duration of review process
• Reference density • Post-publication comments
• Openness about
• submission and Rejection rates
• More indicators • potential conflicts of interest
• Aims, scopes and expected readership
• Reviewer‟s comments and editorial
correspondence ( published alongside
papers
• More indicators
A-vector: a new tool for quality
Assessment of OA journals

17. Less important
Less
Less fraud where you
duplication
publish
Better use of
Open data better resources All journal
control of content online
scientific quality More and accessible
collaboration
Open Reputation not
Shorter time
publications because of
between
selectivity but
Less bias research and
because of
Crowd control practice
quality

18. OPEN ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS
AND DATA
MORE VISIBILITY OF
PLAGIARISM
FABRICATED DATA
 PUBLICATION BIAS
MORE DIFFICULT TO
LEAVE OUT DATA
SELECT SPECIFIC RESULTS

19. Pharmaceutical companies “hide” negative results for
medicines GSK paid 3 billion fines because of fraud with paxol
publications
Side effects are often not published
High percentage of medical publications are based on flawed experiments
RESULT: MANY PEOPLE SUFFER FROM
BAD MEDICINES AND EVEN FROM
UNNECESSARY TREATMENTS
Sources: Howard Brody | Ben Goldacre | Richard Smith | John Ioannidis

20. OA enables higher education for all through
the internet
• eLearning initiatives like Coursera, eDX, Udacity
Level of education will rise rapidly
• More education - more economic and social
development

21. Science is the
Open Access opens motor for
Science for All economic
Open Access crucial for development
scientists in the global south
conference The Hague 25 oct 2012
as long as scientific output remains behind walls of paid
content, no possibility for a dialogue will exist Participation of
scientists from
Research is the
Africa, Asia and
key to fighting
Latin America
disease
is necessary for
success

22. How to Get Open Access
Scientists hold the power in
their own hands
Attitude change is crucial
Coordination of scientist networked
communities
Structured information and focused
communities

23. “When I light my candle from yours, I gain from you without subtracting from you. That’s what
sharing knowledge is like”. Peter Suber
Open Access Toll Access
getting new ideas by
fear of losing ideas
sharing
Collaboration Competition
Publish for impact Publish or perish
Focus on quality Focus on quantity

24. Someone needs to
The open coordinate these
No consensus communities
access
on what open
movement is
access is
fragmented WHO?
Open Knowledge
No consensus Foundation??
Need to build
on the best
communities
form of open @ccess OKFN?
with common
access
ideas
publishing
OpenWetware?

25. We Need to information
And it USABLE
Datahubs
repositories
libraries
Archives
OA journals
Social media
Scientist Databases
networks
Discussion
Indexing platforms
services

26. In order to make optimal use of all
possibilities of Open Access
Main Task
COMMUNITIES BE A SOURCE
FOCUSSED ON OF
TOPICS INFORMATION
FOR ALL
African networks
like ir-africa.info PatientslikeMe
ResearchGate
MalariaWorld
MalariaWorld is a model
open access community
for malaria research
MyScienceWork Ecancer.org

27. Platform for collaboration
POSSIBLE PARTNERS
ORGANIZE DATA
Scientific libraries
Open Data archive Open access publishers
Publication archive
Archive for preprints
PubmedCentral
Tool development EU openair
Reference managing
World Bank
UN
Discussion, forum, news, jobs,
OA Journal

28. BIBSOUP
OPEN
DATA-HUB ALTMETRICS ACCESS
REPUTATION INDEX
WIKI INDEX
A-VECTOR

29. BibSoup: Malaria Database 2010-2011 used by MalariaWorld
Examples of use
cc-by 2.5
unknown
cc-by 2.0
Graphical representation of types of licences Graphical representation of the 1000 most
in the malaria database. The largest part is cited articles in the malaria database. The
“unknown” Header in the figure is the nr 1 citation
Open Access and the role of
scientific communities
Tom Olijhoek & Mark McGillivray

30. Malaria Open Access Index
developed in collaboration with MalariaWorld
HOW OPEN IS MALARIA RESEARCH?
J1 Percentage of a articles
on malaria
in a journal that are
Open Access
(Y-axis)
J2 Percentage of the grand
total of OA malaria
articles that one journal
publishes
X-axis)
The nine bubbles along the top, from left to right(be careful to note the thin sliver of PLoSOne (brown) and
red that is bubble 6) * BMC Public Health * BMC Inf.Diseases * BMC Malaria Journal (blue) have
Genomics * PLoS Medicine * PLoS Pathogens * Parasites and Vectors * highest index
PLoS Negl Trop Diseases * PLoS One * Malaria Journal And finally the small
one on the bottom left: * Virology Journal
Open Access and the role of
scientific communities
Tom Olijhoek & Mark McGillivray

31. OpenWetWare is an effort to Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) is the
concept of drug discovery where all data and
promote the sharing of ideas are shared in real time, and anyone may
information, know-how, and participate at any level. This prior disclosure
wisdom among researchers and means that will be no patents and that any
groups who are working in biology technology is both academically and
& biological engineering commercially exploitable by whoever wishes to
do so.

32. Pilot research
communities focus on
tropical diseases:
Open Source Biomedical Research for the 21st Century
An open, collaborative research community will find new
ways to do science, answering questions that current
institutions find difficult or impossible.
Diseases found exclusively in
tropical regions predominantly afflict
poor people in developing countries.
The typical profit-driven
/ pharmaceutical economic model fails
with these diseases …………