This document discusses various applications of ham radio. It begins by defining ham radio as a hobby where operators can communicate across long distances without the internet or cell phones by using radio frequencies allocated by the FCC. It then discusses how ham radio is used for emergency communication when other forms of communication fail during disasters. Several digital applications of ham radio are also outlined, including Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) for tracking locations, packet radio, Software-Defined Radio (SDR), amateur radio high altitude ballooning, D-STAR digital voice/data protocol, and using ham radio to access the internet. The document provides examples of ham radio use in space, agriculture, and during various emergency situations.
A short talk (quasi-lecture, it went overtime...) done by me for my Uni society, introducing what amateur radio is about, with some fun and interesting figures in order to help audience to gain slight insight into the wonderful hobby.
It also shows some other types of radio in order to let people know what exactly radio transmissions are for. Some information are simplified in order to cater normal, general audience.
Some pictures are collected from the Internet, please message me if you think your intellectual property is unrightfully used and is causing you trouble. I will try my best to remove it in the best ability as I could.
A short talk (quasi-lecture, it went overtime...) done by me for my Uni society, introducing what amateur radio is about, with some fun and interesting figures in order to help audience to gain slight insight into the wonderful hobby.
It also shows some other types of radio in order to let people know what exactly radio transmissions are for. Some information are simplified in order to cater normal, general audience.
Some pictures are collected from the Internet, please message me if you think your intellectual property is unrightfully used and is causing you trouble. I will try my best to remove it in the best ability as I could.
A high gain antenna is the antenna with very high antenna gain. We can consider antenna gain as concentration ratio of input power. Using Yagi-Uda array, traveling wave, aperture, and parabolic reflector, we can design a high gain antenna.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
A high gain antenna is the antenna with very high antenna gain. We can consider antenna gain as concentration ratio of input power. Using Yagi-Uda array, traveling wave, aperture, and parabolic reflector, we can design a high gain antenna.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
My core objective is to transit my enthusiasm, creativity and experience into a position, where-in I continue to provide and deliver the strategic and tactical leadership to valued customers both internal and external of the organization.
Play a responsible role where I can use my potential to achieve high standards of performance.
I deliver Principle Centered Leadership and upholding the integrity of my thoughts and clarity in ideas to learn more about business dynamics.
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
The Magic of Mobile Broadband: Wireless FundamentalsQualcomm Research
Mobile Broadband, powered by Mobile 3G/4G wireless technologies, has revolutionized the way we live, interact, and consume information. This connectivity is as important to mobile user experience as processing power or battery life. It overcomes complex technical challenges to deliver reliable, high-speed connectivity, everywhere we go. At Qualcomm, we foresee and solve the seemingly impossible wireless challenges, pioneering the technology that is powering Mobile Broadband. Being a wireless leader, it is essential for Qualcomm to educate the industry (and beyond) on this amazing technical achievement. This presentation explains the magic of Mobile Broadband, and all the complexities of wireless and mobile communications, to enable everyone at Qualcomm to tell our wireless leadership story, starting with the fundamentals of Wireless and Mobile.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Engineering Application of Ham Radio
1. APPLICATION OF HAM RADIO
Bijendra Kumar Ray
&
Saurabh Yadav
(ECE&D 2nd Year)
2. Introduction
• What is HAM Radio ?
HAM Radio is a popular hobby and service that bring people, electronics and
communication together. People use ham radio to talk across town, around
the world or even into the space, all without internet or cell phone. HAM
Radio operator use amateur bands for communication, these band are Radio
Frequency allocated by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) for
use by HAM Radio operator. Ham radio is two way wireless communication
device which is used by astronauts, doctors, students, kids, politicians, truck
drivers, movie stars, missionaries and even your average neighbor next door.
They are of all ages, sexes, income levels and nationalities. Whether through
Morse Code on an old brass telegraph key, voice communication on a hand-
held radio or computerized messages transmitted via satellite, all HAMs use
radio to reach out to the world.
3. Ham Radio Operators are the only NON-
GOVERNMENTAL people privileged to be allowed
to do private WORLDWIDE wireless communication
Long Distance Communication using Short Wave Frequencies in the
range of 1.8 to 30 MHz
4. • The origin of the word HAM came from the name of three
scientists: Heinrich Hertz + Major Armstrong + Guglielmo
Marconi
• “Home Amateur Mechanic” (Edited by Hugo Gernsback )-
A 1900 do-it-yourself magazine.
Origin of the word “HAM”
5. Ham Radio Licensing Exam
• Why we need a license?
• The Government tries to ensure that the person going to be a ham
radio hobbyist is technically competent.
• He/She does not interfere with other professional two-way wireless
communication services (aeronautical, maritime, police, military etc.)
• Prevent misuse of the wireless set.
• She/he maintains the standard international operating practices.
6. Applications of HAM Radio
1. Emergency communication during disaster
2. Ham Radios in Space
3. Digital application of HAM Radio
4. Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
5. Packet Radio
6. Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
7. HAM Radio in Agriculture
8. Amateur Radio High Altitude Ballooning (ARHAB)-
9. D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio)
10. Internet via Ham Radio
7. Emergency Communication During Disaster
• Why HAM Radio Communication is successful during emergency?
In times of crisis and natural disasters, amateur radio is often used as a
means of emergency communication when wireline, cell phones and
other conventional means of communications fail.
One of the advantages of ham radio is that a
message originated from an individual can be
virtually intercepted by any number of other ham
radio operators at different locations
9. Some Examples
• Amateur Radio Service kept New York City agencies in touch with
each other after their command center was destroyed during the
9/11 tragedy. Ham radio also came to the rescue during Hurricane
Katrina, where all other communications failed, and the devastating
flooding in Colorado in 2013.
• In the Nepal tragedy ham radio played an important role and spread
the message of earthquake across the country . Indian hams was
working on 14.210 MHz to contact hams in Nepal, where a massive
7.9 magnitude earthquake has claimed the lives of close to 2,000
people
10. Ham Radio in Space
• Amateur radio operators all over the world are able to speak directly
to astronauts/cosmonauts via their handheld, mobile, or home radio
stations.
• It is also possible to send digital data to the space station via laptop
computers
• If a common man wants to talk a man in space , then the only way to
make contact is Ham Radio .
• official channels are usually reserved for presidents and heads of
state.
11. First communication
using Ham Radio
from Space to Earth
Owen Garriott, who has been
an amateur radio operator
for over 40 years, was the
first astronaut to take a ham
radio into space.
12. Sunita Williams
is also a HAM Operator
Gujarat Science City officials,
the institute established
amateur radio contact with
International Space Station
(ISS) where Indian-American
astronaut Sunita Williams was
stationed for four months.
The state students talked to
Williams directly about her
experience. The science city
officials had initiated
communication with National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)
authorities for the project.
14. Digital Applications of HAM
Radio
1. Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
2. Packet Radio
3. Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
4. Amateur Radio High Altitude Ballooning (ARHAB)-
5. D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio)
6. Internet via Ham Radio
7. Echo-Link
8. HAMShield
15. Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
• APRS is an amateur radio based system for real time tactical digital
communications of information of immediate value in the local area.
APRS data is typically broadcast on a single shared frequency
(depending on country) to be repeated locally by area relay stations
and digipeaters for widespread local consumption. In addition, all
such data is typically ingested into the APRS Internet System (APRS-IS)
via an internet connected receiver (IGATE) and distributed globally for
ubiquitous and immediate access. Shared information contains global
coordinates, altitude, speed, heading, text messages, alerts,
announcements, and bulletins.
18. TEXT TRANSMISSION THROUGH HAM RADIO
• PSK31 is a new digital mode which utilizes the processing power of
computers and sound cards.
• Software on the computer converts inputted text to audio level wave
forms which can be fed into most standard SSB radios.
• The same software listens to the output of the radio and decodes the
audio signals back into text.
19. Email Through HAM Radio
• AIRMAIL (A free software for HAMs which is just like Microsoft
Outlook Express)
20. HF (Short Wave e-mail Gateway to help
the sailor hams/hams at remote places
by providing e-mail relay to their
families)
• HF (Short Wave e-mail Gateway to help the sailor hams/hams at
remote places by providing e-mail relay to their families)
21. Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
• SDR is a Radio Communication system where components that have
been typically implemented in hardware
(e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors,
etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a personal
computer or embedded system.
22. Amateur Radio High Altitude
Ballooning (ARHAB)
An ARHAB flight consists of a
balloon, a recovery parachute,
and a payload of one or more
packages. The payload normally
contains an amateur radio
transmitter that permits tracking
of the flight to its landing for
recovery. Most flights use
an Automatic Packet Reporting
System (APRS) tracker which
gets its position from a Global
Positioning System (GPS)
receiver and converts it to a
digital radio transmission.
24. D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for
Amateur Radio)-
• D-STAR is a digital voice and data protocol specification for amateur
radio. The system uses frequency-division multiple
access and minimum-shift keying in its packet-based standard. There
are newer digital modes (Codec2 for example) that have been
adapted for use by amateurs, but D-STAR was the first that was
designed specifically for amateur radio.
• Several advantages of using digital voice modes are that it uses
less bandwidth than older analog voice modes such as amplitude
modulation, frequency modulation, and single sideband. The quality
of the data received is also better than an analog signal at the same
signal strength.
25. Internet via Ham Radio
• It is possible to build a repeater network that allows HAMs to access the
internet through a HAM Radio. In fact, during emergency situations HAM
Radios can be used quite successfully to send email, data, and documents
when all other forms of communication have gone down.
• Even before the internet, Ham radio operators were using an internet of
their own called Packet Radio. Packet Radio allows Hams to send files,
update bulletin board systems, send text messages and even control
remote systems and networks via their radios.
• Today, through worldwide radio messaging systems like D-Star and Winlink,
Ham Radio operators can send email with attachments, send emergency
relief communications and message relays, and even access the internet.
26. Echo-Link
• This software allows licensed Amateur Radio stations to communicate
with one another over the Internet, using streaming-audio
technology.
• The program allows worldwide connections to be made between
stations, or from computer to station, greatly enhancing Amateur
Radio's communications capabilities.
• There are more than 200,000 validated users worldwide — in 151 of
the world's 193 nations — with about 5,200 online at any given time.
27. HamShield lets you transmit voice and data over
FM on amateur radio bands (144/220/440) and has
wideband transceiving coverage: 136-170MHz,
200-260MHz, 400-520MHz. HamShield is an open
hardware project.
HamShield is a FM voice and data transceiver
Arduino shield for three amateur radio bands
(144MHz, 220MHz, and 440MHz) with wideband
transcieving capability across 136-170MHz, 200-
260MHz, 400-520MHz. It connects the FM
transceiver to the ADC and PWM lines (filtered)
and also features a TRRS jack for use with a
smartphone headset.
The HamShield also can operate at low power. We
have used a 2.5 watt solar panel (4.5" x 7") to
power the HamShield while transmitting a test
morse code signal. You could easily build a solar
powered packet radio station with a similar setup.