1. COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS
PRESENTED BY:
BIJAY KUAMR MAHATO
BPH 7TH SEM.

2. CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
A community is a cluster of people with
at least one common characteristic
group of people with a common
characteristic or interest living
together within a larger society
comprises a community.

4. CONT….
 Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment
of health status of the community in relation to its
social, physical and biological environment.
 The purpose of community diagnosis is to define
existing problems, determine available resources and
set priorities for planning, implementing and
evaluating health action, by and for the community.

5. CONT….
Community diagnosis refers to identification
quantification of health problems problems in a
community as a whole in terms of mortality and
morbidity rates and ratios, and identification of their
correlates for the purpose of defining those at risk or
those in need of health care.

6. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
• it is “a quantitative and qualitative description of the
health of citizens and the factors which influence
their health It identifies problems, proposes areas
for improvement and stimulates action”.

7. HISTORY OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
 The concept of diagnosis has evolved since second world
war.
 Two major disciplines of health that are public health and
nursing are background for the development of community
health diagnosis approach.
 It is originally used by physicians in 1950s. The current
approach of community diagnosis originally derrived from
the work of Freeman in 1970 & Hogue in 1977.

8. GOALS
 Analyse the health status of the community
 Evaluate the health resources, services, and systems of care
within the community.
 Assess attitudes toward community health services and
issues.
 Identify priorities, establish goals, and determine courses of
action to improve the health status of the community.
 Establish an epidemiologic base line for measuring
improvement over time.

9. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
 It helps to find the common problems or diseases, which are
troublesome to the people and are easily preventable in the
community.
 Community diagnosis can be a pioneer step for betterment of
rural community health.
 It is a tool to disclose the hidden problems that are not visible
to the community people but are being affected by them.

10. Cont….
 It helps to access the group of underprivileged people who
are unable to use the available facilities due to poverty,
prevailing discriminations or other reasons.
 It helps to find the real problems of the community people
which might not have perceived by them as problems.
 It helps to impart knowledge and attitudes to turnover
people’s problems towards the light of solution.

11. CONTENT OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
• A program coordinator should know the
following facts about the community:

12. 1. Hard measurable facts
Age
sex distribution
literacy status
Prevalence of
disease
Land holdings
Irrigation facilities

13. 2. Aspects that can’t be measured (soft
facts):
customs
Beliefs
Taboos
Attitudes
Values towards various
situations.

14. PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

15. INITIATION
 A dedicated committee or working group should be set up to manage and
coordinate the project.
 The committee should involve government departments, health
professionals and non- governmental organizations.
 At an early stage, it is important to identify the available budget and
resources to determine the scope of the diagnosis.

16. Initiative cont…
 Community analysis is the process of examining
data to define -
 Needs
 Strengths
 Barriers
 Opportunities
 Readiness
 Resources
 The product of analysis is the “community profile”.

17. 2.Data collection and analysis
• Population Census and statistical data as for the
community data, it can be collected by
conducting surveys through self-administered
questionnaires, face to face interviews, focus
groups and telephone interviews.

18. DATA COLLECTION cont…
 To analyse assessment data is helpful to categorize the data.
This may be done as follows:
 Demographic
 Socioeconomic
 Environmental
 Health resources and services
 Health policies
 Study of target groups
 Collected data can then be analysed and interpreted by
experts.

19. 3.Diagnosis
 Diagnosis of the community is reached from
conclusions drawn from the data analysis.
 It should preferably comprise three areas:
 Health status of the community
 Determinants of health in the community
 Potential for healthy city development.

24. Community is diagnosed using
 Health indicators
 Indicators of health are variables used for
the assessment of community health.

25. Characteristics of health indicators

26.  should be valid, i.e., they should actually
measure what they are supposed to measure;
 should be reliable and objective, i.e., the
answers should be the same if measured by
different people in similar circumstances;
 should be sensitive, i.e., they should be
sensitive to changes in the situation concerned,

27.  should be specific, i.e., they should reflect
changes only in the situation concerned,
 should be feasible, i.e., they should have
the ability to obtain data needed, and;
 should be relevant, i.e., they should contribute
to the understanding of the phenomenon of
interest.

28. HEALTH INDICATORS

29. 4. Dissemination
• The report can be disseminated through the
Presentations at meetings of the health boards and
committees, or forums organized for voluntary
organisations, local community groups and the
general public Press release Thematic events
(such as health fairs and other health
promotion programmes).

30. Patient Diagnosis Community Diagnosis
1. Patient aware of their
problems
1. Community may or may not be aware
of the problems
2. Takes initiative for problems 2. Community rarely takes collectively
initiative of seeks advice
3. Clinicians usually examines
pt. after dz. has started.
3. Attempts are made to understand why the
dz. exists & how can be prevented.
4. Submit to remedial measures 4. Remedial measures cannot be
prescribed or imposed on a community
5. Pathological condition affects
patient alone. It is often unrelated
to environment
5. Cannot be treated as isolated
occurrences. Each condition is linked to
other interrelated factors in the environment

31. Patient Diagnosis Community Diagnosis
1. Patient aware of their
problems
1. Community may or may not be aware
of the problems
2. Takes initiative for problems 2. Community rarely takes collectively
initiative of seeks advice
3. Clinicians usually examines
pt. after dz. has started.
3. Attempts are made to understand why the
dz. exists & how can be prevented.
4. Submit to remedial measures 4. Remedial measures cannot be
prescribed or imposed on a community
5. Pathological condition affects
patient alone. It is often unrelated
5. Cannot be treated as isolated
occurrences. Each condition is linked to

32. Thank you