6. ASEAN FRAMEWORK
Human Resources in the ASEAN Charter
One of the purposes of ASEAN as enshrined in the
ASEAN Charter provides the basic principles for
the cooperation, i.e.:
“…to develop human resources through closer
cooperation in education and life-long learning,
and in science and technology, for the
empowerment of the peoples of ASEAN and for
the strengthening of the ASEAN Community”
6
7. • Enhance cooperation among
ASEAN University Network
(AUN) members to increase
mobility for both students and
staff within the region.
“Free Flow of Skilled Labor” is one of
the five core elements under “Single
Market and Production Based” in the
AEC Blueprint
8. • Develop core competencies
and qualifications for
job/occupational and trainers
skills required in the priority
services sectors (by 2009);
and in other services sectors
(from 2010 to 2015)
9. • Strengthen the research
capabilities of each
ASEAN Member Country in
terms of promoting skills,
job placements, and
developing labour market
information networks
among ASEAN Member
Countries.
10. To be able to compete,
our Filipino college
graduate should already
be equipped with the “21st
century skills”
35. Six (6) Years
Four (4) Years Junior HS +
Two (2) Years Senior HS +
TESD Specialization (NC I
and NC II) + Arts & Sports
Technical
Education
and Skills
Development
Baccalaureate, Post-
Baccalaureate, Post-
Doctoral/
Specialization
One (1)
Year
36. THE PHILIPPINE QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKTHE PHILIPPINE QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK
LEVELLEVEL
GRADE 10
GRADE 12
TECHNICALTECHNICAL
EDUCATION ANDEDUCATION AND
SKILLS DEVELOPMENTSKILLS DEVELOPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION
DOCTORAL AND
POST DOCTORAL
BACCALAUREATE
BASICBASIC
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
NC I
NC II
NC IV
NC III
NC IV
DIPLOMA
BACCALAUREATE
POST BACCALAUREATE
38. THE PHILIPPINE QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKTHE PHILIPPINE QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK
LEVELLEVEL
GRADE 10
GRADE 12
TECHNICALTECHNICAL
EDUCATION ANDEDUCATION AND
SKILLS DEVELOPMENTSKILLS DEVELOPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION
DOCTORAL AND
POST DOCTORAL
BACCALAUREATE
BASICBASIC
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
NC I
NC II
NC IV
NC III
NC IV
DIPLOMA
BACCALAUREATE
POST BACCALAUREATE
39. LEVEL 6
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS
AND VALUES
Demonstrated broad and
coherent knowledge and skills in their
field of study for professional work and
lifelong learning
APPLICATION Application in professional work in a broad
range of discipline and/or for further study
DEGREE OF
INDEPENDENCE
Substantial degree of independence
and/or in teams of related fields with
minimal supervision
QUALIFICATION TYPE Baccalaureate Degree
40. LEVEL 7
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS
AND VALUES
Demonstrated advanced knowledge
and skills in a specialized or multi-
disciplinary field of study for professional
practice, self-directed research and/or
lifelong learning
APPLICATION Applied in professional work that
requires leadership and management in a
specialized or multi-disciplinary professional
work and/or research and/or for further
study
DEGREE OF
INDEPENDENCE
Highly substantial degree of
independence that involves exercise of
leadership and initiative individual work or
in teams of multidisciplinary field
41. LEVEL 8
KNOWLEDGE,
SKILLS & VALUES
Demonstrated highly advanced
systematic knowledge and skills in highly
specialized and/or complex multi-disciplinary field of
learning for complex research and/or professional
practice and/or for the advancement of learning
APPLICATION Applied in highly specialized or complex
multi-disciplinary field of professional work that
requires innovation, and/or leadership and
management and/or research in a specialized or multi-
disciplinary field
DEGREE OF
INDEPENDENCE
Full independence in individual work and/or in teams
of multi-disciplinary and more complex setting that
demands leadership for research and creativity
for strategic value added. Significant level of
expertise-based autonomy and accountability.
42. “There remains…a profound gap
between the knowledge and skills most
students learn at school and the
knowledge and skills they need in
typical 21st
century communities and
workplaces.”
--Partnership for 21st
Century Skills
(www.21stcenturyskills.org)
45. In a nutshell, OBE implies the best way to learn is to
first determine what needs to be achieved. Once the
DESIRED RESULTS or ‘exit outcomes’ have been
determined, the strategies, processes, techniques and
means are put in place to achieve the predetermined
goals. In essence, it is a working-backwards with
students as the centre of the learning – teaching
process (CMO 26, s. 2012)
47. OUTCOMES
• Statements that describe
SIGNIFICANT and
ESSENTIAL LEARNING
that learners have
ACHIEVED, and can
RELIABLY
DEMONSTRATE at the
end of a course or
program.
48. All learners can learn
and succeed; success
breeds success; and
“teaching institutions”
(schools) control the
conditions of success.
49. OBE is learner-centered
BUT
- It is NOT reporting in class
-It is NOT doing role playing or
drama in a programming class
-It does NOT mean lecture is a “no…
no” inside the class
-IT IS TEACHING THE STUDENTS IN
THE WAY THEY EASILY LEARN
57. 88
CBLS OBLS
•Stay in single
learning institution
until complete
• Learners can gather
credits from different
institutions until
qualification is achieved
63. 44
Do not learn the same thing in the
same way at the same time
65. 11
Ensure all learners are successful in that they are
equipped with the knowledge, skills and qualities
(values and attitudes) required after they exit the
educational system
66. 22
Achieve and maximize selected
outcomes for all students by structuring
and operating education facilities to be
success oriented.
67. Killen (2000) says to be useful in an
OBE system, assessment criteria should
conform to the following principles:
70. The assessment procedures should be
fair – they should not be influenced
by any irrelevant factors such as the
learner’s cultural background etc.
33
72. Assessment should tell educators and
individual learners something they do not
already know, stretching learners to the limits
of their understanding and ability to apply
their knowledge
55
73. • Assessment should be comprehensive and
explicit.
Assessment should support every learner’s
opportunity to learn things that are
important
66
74. Because learners are individuals,
assessment should allow this
individuality to be demonstrated
77
76. CHED MEMO NO. 46, SERIES 2012
• OBE is an approach that focuses and
organizes the educational system around
what is essential for all learners to know,
value, and be able to do to achieve a desired
level of competence.
77. • For HEIs, this means describing the attributes
of their ideal graduates based on their VMOs
and using these as bases for developing
specific program outcomes.
79. THE SLU OBE PROCESS
Development of SLU’s Institutional OBE Framework
Identification of Institutional Outcomes and Graduate
Attribute
Development of Program Outcomes
Curriculum and Course Mapping
Development of PO-PI-KC-AM-EM-ST –
(Program Outcomes - Performance Indicators - Assessment Evaluation Methods-
Standards Matrix)
Development of Course Syllabi
1
2
3
4
5
7
Development of Program Educational Objectives
6
83. Program Outcomes
Program outcomes are the
sets of competencies (related
knowledge, skills, and
attitudes) that all learners are
expected to demonstrate.
Institutional or program
outcomes may also
emphasize lifelong learning.
85. The program outcomes common to all disciplines
and types of schools may very well reflect some of
the attributes of the HEI’s ideal graduate, namely, the
ability to:
a)articulate and discuss the latest developments in
the specific field of practice.
b)effectively communicate orally and in writing
using both English and Filipino.
c) work effectively and independently in multi-
disciplinary and multi-cultural teams.
d) act in recognition of professional, social, and
ethical responsibility.
e) preserve and promote “Filipino historical and
cultural heritage”.
86. Program Outcomes
Using HEI Type
Graduates of universities participate in the
generation of new knowledge or in research
and development projects.
88. Determining Program Outcomes
• The vision and mission of an HEI should
determine its institutional outcomes, i.e., the
kind of graduates it produces and the impact
it has on society.
89. Knowledge
Knowledge is an intellectual
understanding or familiarity with
INFORMATION AND FACTS, principles
or processes
Knowledge
What students should know and
understand by the time the
PROGRAM is completed.
90. What one actually capable of doing
What one is physically capable of doing
What one can mentally be able to
manage
Skills
What students should be able to
do by the time the course is
completed.
92. Values
The beliefs we develop
concerning issues,
concepts, people and
things as a result of all
the cultural and religious
influences are referred
to as our values.
Values
Values are belief systems that
guide our behavior
94. Keep program outcomes aligned with the national
and global program standards, vision/ mission and
goals of the institution and the institutional
horizontal typology.
State outcomes in terms of learner’s performance,
not the teacher’s
Keep statements short and simple. State the
outcome in 25 words or less
95. Consider the three domains of learning in
stating the program outcomes
State outcomes as SMART (Simple,
measurable, attainable, realistic and time-
bound)
96. State outcomes as results, not processes
(activities or strategies). Outcomes are ends
while activities are means.
Begin with an observable verb/behavior in the
statement of outcomes. Choose the behavior
that is of higher dimension of complexity
(HOTS)
97. Sequence outcomes logically, e.g. according to
Complexity – from lowest to highest level of
the taxonomy or by
Domain – cognitive, affective, psychomotor
Do not join elements in one outcome statement that
cannot be assessed by a single method
Program outcomes statements should be framed in
terms of the program and not individual courses
99. BEHAVIORAL VERBS TO AVOID
because they are vague and difficult to measure and
there is no product involved
appreciate, cover, realize, be aware of, familiarize,
study, become acquainted with, gain knowledge of,
understand, comprehend, know, learn
101. Verbs to AvoidVerbs to Avoid
• Appreciate
• Acquire
• Know
• Be aware of
• Understand
• Realize
• Perceive
• Enjoy
• Learn
• Comprehend
• Value
102. Sample Program Outcomes
A. Fine Arts
Poor:
Demonstrate knowledge of the history,
literature and function of the theatre, including
works from various periods and cultures.
Better:
Explain the theoretical bases of various
dramatic genres and illustrate them with
examples from plays of different eras.
103. B. Philosophy
Poor: Discuss philosophical questions.
Better: Articulate relevant examples of philosophical
questions.
C. General Education
Poor: Think in an interdisciplinary manner.
Better: Integrate understanding of theories,
principles,
and/or knowledge from other disciplines to
help solve the problem.
104. D. Business
Poor: Understand how to use technology effectively.
Better: Use word processing, spreadsheets, databases,
and presentation graphics in preparing their
final research project and report
E. Humanities
Poor: know the historically important systems of
psychology.
Better: Articulate the foundational assumptions,
central ideas, and dominant criticisms of the
psychoanalytic, Gestalt, behaviorist,
humanistic, and cognitive approaches to
psychology.
106. STEP
2
Before engaging into the process of curriculum
mapping, you need to have these ready:
•Program outcome statements
•Subject descriptions with outcome statements
107. RATIONALE
•Ensure that the COURSES
in the CURRICULUM will
all be in function to the
achievement of the
PROGRAM OUTCOMES
108. • The map must be developed to validate
if there is a match between desired
outcomes and the content of the
programs. This will give the stakeholders
a holistic perspective to see how the
desired outcomes will be developed in
the academic program.
109. A LEGEND is useful in
correlating the outcomes
and the courses
110. For example
I –INTRODUCED – This subject offers learning
opportunities for this particular intended outcome at an
introductory level. On completion, students should have
the foundational knowledge/skills/attributes to pursue
this outcome further.
R- REINFORCED – This subject will build upon student’s
existing knowledge, skills, attributes in this particular
intended outcome to provide learning opportunities
through w/c students can reinforce and/or further
develop the knowledge/skills/attributes described in the
outcome statement
A – ASSESSED – the attainment of this outcome will be
assessed in this subject.
111. Another Legend
• I – Introduce
• P – Practice skills with supervision
• D – Demonstrate skills without
supervision
112. I - Introductory – an Introductory
Course to an outcome
E - Enabling – an Enabling Course or
a course that strengthens the
outcome
D - Demonstrated – a Demonstrative
Course or a course demonstrating
an outcome
113. Step 3: Developing an Outcomes-
Based Syllabus and Learning Plan
STEP
3
114. Goals of a
SYLLABUSIt provides a clear statement of intended learning
goals and student learning outcomes.
It answers questions such as:
What do you want your students to learn?
(what are the learning outcomes which you
expect from the course?)
115. What assignments, classroom activities, and
pedagogical approaches will help your students
master the identified knowledge, skills, or attitude
changes?
How will you determine that students have
accomplished what you set out to teach them?
(How will you evaluate their achievements?)
120. COLUMN 1: Framing of CLOs - all the Course
Learning Outcomes (CLOs) MUST fully
contribute to the achievement of the Course
Outcomes (COs)
121. What
• Outcomes that are
expected from a certain
course and these are
assessed and evaluated
through various
measurement tools.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
122. What
• Sets of competencies,
expressing what the
student will know,
understand or be
able to do after
completion of a
process of learning.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
123. What
• Statements that describe
significant and
essential learning that
learners have achieved,
and can reliably
demonstrate at the end
of a course.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
124. How
• Specify both an observable
behavior and the object
of that behavior.
E.g. “Students will be able to
write a research
paper.”
1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
125. How
• Criterion could also be
specified.
E.g. “Students will be able
to write a research
paper in the appropriate
scientific style.”
2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
126. How
• Specify the condition
under which the behavior
occurs (optional)
E.g. “At the end of their field
research, students will be able to
write a research paper in the
appropriate scientific style.”
3
LEARNING OUTCOMES
130. • How will they be able
to demonstrate these
capacities?
• What assessments
can we use to
demonstrate growth
in students’
knowledge, skills,
abilities, and
dispositions as they
progress through the
course?
132. IF YOU STOP GROWING TODAY, YOU
STOP TEACHING TOMORROW.
Neither personality nor methodology can
substitute for this principle. You cannot
communicate out of a vacuum. You cannot
impart what you don’t posses.
TEACHERS ARE PRIMARILY LEARNERS
The Law of the Teacher
Notas do Editor
The Philippines has a unique trifocalized education system: basic education, technical-vocational education and higher education.
Three key agencies are involved in the policy making, administration and management of formal education: The Department of Education (DepEd) for basic education; the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for technical-vocational education and training and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for tertiary and higher education.
With the implementation of the K to 12 program, basic education is composed of six (6) grades in addition to the mandatory Kindergarten program in the elementary. The secondary level is composed of four (4) years Junior high school and two (2) years Senior high school. The third level is the tertiary education consisting of higher education and post secondary schooling. Higher Education is divided into baccalaureate, masters and doctorate levels in various programs or disciplines.
Though compartmentalization exists in the Philippine education system, quality is assured through a standards and accreditation system for basic and higher education institutions and through a unified registration and accreditation system for technical-vocational institutions.
Levels of outcomes as ADAPTED !
Knowledge can include information and facts that are acquired through your studies
and your experiences, and thus it can refer to the explicit theoretical bases or the implicit
practical understanding of a subject.
The responses we give to people, objects, events, and actions are collectively referred to as our attitudes. RESPONSES our likes and dislikes towards things, people and objects
responses are a result of our values
Values decide what we think as right, wrong, good, or unjust
6. An outcome statements should not impose restrictions on the type or number of assessment methods that have to be used to evaluate the outcome.