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Open Access Week 2014 
Open Textbook Research: 
Overview 
Dr. Beck Pitt 
The Open University
Overview 
• Background: OER Research Hub project 
• Open Textbook Overview: USA and OpenStax College 
• Methodology 
• Educator Survey (Sample) 
• OpenStax College Textbooks: Impact 
• Educator Perspectives 
• Summary and Next Steps 
http://oerresearchhub.org 
#oerrhub @OER_Hub
Background
OER Research Hub 
• 2-year research open research project based in the Institute of Educational 
Technology (IET) 
• Funded by William & Flora Hewlett Foundation 
• Aiming to build the most comprehensive picture of OER impact 
• Eleven research hypotheses 
• Open collaboration model across different educational sectors 
• Global reach but with a USA focus 
• Open and Linked Fellowship Schemes 
oerresearchhub.org 
#oerrhub @OER_Hub
Keyword Hypothesis 
Performance OER improve student performance/satisfaction 
Openness People use OER differently from other online materials 
Access OER widen participation in education 
Retention OER can help at-risk learners to finish their studies 
Reflection OER use leads educators to reflect on their practice 
Finance OER adoption brings financial benefits for students/institutions 
Indicators Informal learners use a variety of indicators when selecting OER 
Support Informal learners develop their own forms of study support 
Transition OER support informal learners in moving to formal study 
Policy OER use encourages institutions to change their policies 
Assessment Informal assessments motivate learners using OER
Open Access Week 2014: Open Textbook Research Overview
Open Textbook Overview: USA and 
OpenStax College
Open Textbook Overview 
• On average total textbook costs are around $1200 each year in the United 
States 
• In the United States “…Textbook wholesale prices have risen more than four 
times the rate of inflation over the last two decades (1990-2009)” 
(Student PIRGs research) 
• “…the textbooks actually cost more than 
the tuition for most students.” 
(Barbara Illowsky, author of Collaborative Statistics) 
• 63% of respondents to the 2012 Florida 
Student Textbook Survey “…reported not 
having purchased the required textbook 
because of the high cost…” 
Picture credit: Huffington Post 
(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/04/college-textbook- 
prices-increase_n_2409153.html)
OpenStax College Overview 
http://openstaxcollege.org/faculty 
Saved students over $30 
million since June 2012 
From 40 adoptions in 2012 to 
1061 by 2014 
1 million downloads of 
OpenStax materials 
Image and information from OpenStax College’s 2014 Progress Report: 
http://openstaxcollege.org/news/our-textbooks-have-saved-students-30-million 
CC-BY 
First textbook published June 2012 
9 open textbooks published to date 
iBooks available in 32 countries
Methodology
Overview: OpenStax College 
People use OER differently from 
other online materials 
OER adoption brings 
financial benefits for 
students/institutions 
OER improve student 
performance/satisfaction
Educator Survey: Sample
Educator Sample: OpenStax College 
• 77 Respondents in total (have used/use OSC textbooks) 
• 73.7% Male (n=56) and 26.3% Female (n=20) 
• Over 85% of respondents live in the United States (88.2%, n=67) 
• Over 55% of respondents work in a HE/University context (57.1%, n=44) 
• 76.6% of respondents do F/T face-to-face teaching (n=59) 
• Nearly 70% of respondents have been teaching for more than 10 years (67.1%, n=51) 
90.9% of respondents told us they have adapted open educational resources to fit their 
needs (n=70) 
Finding resources of a sufficiently high quality was the top challenge most often faced by 
educators when using OER (65.3%, n=49)
OpenStax College Textbooks: Impact
“In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks 
impacted on your own teaching practice?” 
“I have become more intentional about tailoring my course to my students, having been at least 
somewhat released from the constraints imposed by the commercial publishing industry” 
“I have always believed in using a lot of 
additional resources. OpenStax works 
nicely in this regard. The 
supplementals are not fancy but we 
have made additional testbanks and 
other free resources available to all our 
faculty in a collective approach to 
compile very nice additional resources.” 
“I am able to think a little more creatively of what new 
experiences I can design for my students using 
resources in the text or other online resources. I think 
the text is a great foundation, but I don’t feel 
constrained to shy away from employing other 
teaching tools for fear they might ask: “Well, if you 
were going to have us watch this video or do this 
online tutorial – why did we have to pay $250 for the 
textbook?” 
“I create more collections of images to build presentation, 
rather than going straight from the book.”
Based on your experiences as a teacher, to what extent do 
you agree with the following statements? 
% of educators who strongly agree or agree with the following statements: 
"Use of Open Educational Resources (e.g. OpenStax College textbooks) in the 
classroom...” 
Allows me to better accommodate diverse learners’ needs (67.1%, n=49) 
Increases learners’ satisfaction with the learning experience (66.2%, n=49) 
Increases learners’ experimentation with new ways of learning (64.4%, n=47) 
Increases learners’ engagement with lesson content (61.6%, n=45) 
Develops learners’ increased independence and self-reliance (58.1%, n=43) 
Increases learners’ interest in the subjects taught (54.1%, n=40) 
Leads to improved students’ grades (50.7%, n=37) 
Increases learners’ participation in class discussions (47.3%, n=35) 
Increases learners’ enthusiasm for future study (47.3%, n=35) 
Builds learners’ confidence (45.8%, n=33) 
Increases collaboration and/or peer-support among learners (45.8%, n=33) 
Leads to learners becoming interested in a wider range of subjects than before 
they used OER (42.5%, n=31)
“In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College 
textbooks impacted on your students?” 
“They are able to access the textbook and start doing homework immediately rather than being 
delayed until weeks after the start of the course due to lack of finances.” “Ease of use for students and 
parents. The 'note-taking" type of 
students can print pages, and when 
I find students have a specific 
difficulty I can even print a page to 
use in class. Faster students can 
read on devices at any time - they 
enjoy viewing the book from 
smartphones etc.” 
“They have the book as a resource 
after leaving class. With another 
text they would most likely sell it 
back. Also sharing content with 
others outside of class.” 
reading of the 
Increased portable 
“textbook, and a them 
e-textbooks, 
that can go with textbook other review. Unlike can stay 
for this one with them.” 
“…the students are sharing notes and 
annotations online.” “The resource gave them a sound 
understanding of the topic and 
they were able to do self-directed 
study from it. The result is that 
seniors have excelled in their 
exams.”
“In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College 
textbooks impacted on your students?” 
“more student engagement 
in lab activities and lecture 
presentation” 
“Free and available online (while they 
work, or are at home) make OpenStax 
texts a great excuse-defying tool. In a 
positive light- students have access to the 
text wherever and whenever they 
need/want it.” 
“…Students love having multiple options 
for textbook format (epub, iBook, pdf, or 
hardcopy). Enrollment in my class has 
increased by 25% - can't say for sure it 
is due to the textbook, but it certainly has 
helped. …” 
“It saves all 800 students per 
year about $120. One student 
told me that she had to work 15 
hours for each book that she 
has to buy. That really put it in 
perspective.” 
“Students seem 
somewhat more 
engaged.” 
“I think that it is highly beneficial to have a 
brand new text to use, I would have been 
forced through budgetary constraints to 
purchase other texts which old..” 
are 5-10 years
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College 
textbooks impacted on your studies? 
“Made learning easier and more accessible, helped and broadened my understanding and 
learning, made me WANT to study, helped me become interested in Biology because of the 
easy layout and presentation.” (High School Student) 
“Saved my back, I already have so many 
other books in my backpack and using my 
computer for more info saved additional 
stress that would have been on my back.” 
(College student) 
“Increased my Ap Biology grade 
dramatically.” 
(Earlier this High School respondent 
reported: “I went from being horrible 
in AP Biology to actually reading 
these and went from a D 66% up to 
a A 90% So far.”) 
“Open Stax textbooks offer me 
peace of mind and permit me to 
study in a more relaxed way. I am 
grateful not to have to come up with 
hundreds of dollars per class for 
books.” (Student studying without a 
teacher) 
“It has allowed for me 
to develop knowledge 
easily in areas that I 
thought would be 
difficult to learn in due 
to the inability to buy 
an in-depth textbook.” 
(High School Student)
Educator Perspectives
“As a result of using OpenStax College (OSC) textbooks, are 
you more or less likely to do any of the following?” 
96.1% of educators who use OSC textbooks are more likely to 
recommend OpenStax College textbooks to fellow educators/teachers 
(n=73) 
92% of respondents are more likely to make an OSC textbook the 
required text for their students (n=69) 
80% of respondents are more likely to discuss using OSC materials with 
their institution’s administrators (n=60) 
Nearly 80% of respondents who use OSC textbooks are more likely to use 
other OER for teaching (79.5%, n=58)
Summary and Next Steps
Summary/Next Steps 
• Further analysis of OpenStax College and Siyavula data, e.g. comparison of 
adopters/users with non-users, public school respondents with private 
school respondents 
• BCcampus Educators Survey (Fall/Winter 2014/5) 
• Further comparisons between open textbook surveys 
• Case study work and further survey work: Fall 2014 
• Open dissemination of data and findings via Impact Map (Open Textbook 
Research Week (June 2014) and OpenStax College Infographics) 
• Add your evidence to the Impact Map! 
Thanks for listening! …Any questions?
Thanks for listening! 
http://oerresearchhub.org 
http://oermap.org 
@BeckPitt 
http://openstaxcollege.org
in service of The Open University

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Open Access Week 2014: Open Textbook Research Overview

  • 1. Open Access Week 2014 Open Textbook Research: Overview Dr. Beck Pitt The Open University
  • 2. Overview • Background: OER Research Hub project • Open Textbook Overview: USA and OpenStax College • Methodology • Educator Survey (Sample) • OpenStax College Textbooks: Impact • Educator Perspectives • Summary and Next Steps http://oerresearchhub.org #oerrhub @OER_Hub
  • 4. OER Research Hub • 2-year research open research project based in the Institute of Educational Technology (IET) • Funded by William & Flora Hewlett Foundation • Aiming to build the most comprehensive picture of OER impact • Eleven research hypotheses • Open collaboration model across different educational sectors • Global reach but with a USA focus • Open and Linked Fellowship Schemes oerresearchhub.org #oerrhub @OER_Hub
  • 5. Keyword Hypothesis Performance OER improve student performance/satisfaction Openness People use OER differently from other online materials Access OER widen participation in education Retention OER can help at-risk learners to finish their studies Reflection OER use leads educators to reflect on their practice Finance OER adoption brings financial benefits for students/institutions Indicators Informal learners use a variety of indicators when selecting OER Support Informal learners develop their own forms of study support Transition OER support informal learners in moving to formal study Policy OER use encourages institutions to change their policies Assessment Informal assessments motivate learners using OER
  • 7. Open Textbook Overview: USA and OpenStax College
  • 8. Open Textbook Overview • On average total textbook costs are around $1200 each year in the United States • In the United States “…Textbook wholesale prices have risen more than four times the rate of inflation over the last two decades (1990-2009)” (Student PIRGs research) • “…the textbooks actually cost more than the tuition for most students.” (Barbara Illowsky, author of Collaborative Statistics) • 63% of respondents to the 2012 Florida Student Textbook Survey “…reported not having purchased the required textbook because of the high cost…” Picture credit: Huffington Post (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/04/college-textbook- prices-increase_n_2409153.html)
  • 9. OpenStax College Overview http://openstaxcollege.org/faculty Saved students over $30 million since June 2012 From 40 adoptions in 2012 to 1061 by 2014 1 million downloads of OpenStax materials Image and information from OpenStax College’s 2014 Progress Report: http://openstaxcollege.org/news/our-textbooks-have-saved-students-30-million CC-BY First textbook published June 2012 9 open textbooks published to date iBooks available in 32 countries
  • 11. Overview: OpenStax College People use OER differently from other online materials OER adoption brings financial benefits for students/institutions OER improve student performance/satisfaction
  • 13. Educator Sample: OpenStax College • 77 Respondents in total (have used/use OSC textbooks) • 73.7% Male (n=56) and 26.3% Female (n=20) • Over 85% of respondents live in the United States (88.2%, n=67) • Over 55% of respondents work in a HE/University context (57.1%, n=44) • 76.6% of respondents do F/T face-to-face teaching (n=59) • Nearly 70% of respondents have been teaching for more than 10 years (67.1%, n=51) 90.9% of respondents told us they have adapted open educational resources to fit their needs (n=70) Finding resources of a sufficiently high quality was the top challenge most often faced by educators when using OER (65.3%, n=49)
  • 15. “In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your own teaching practice?” “I have become more intentional about tailoring my course to my students, having been at least somewhat released from the constraints imposed by the commercial publishing industry” “I have always believed in using a lot of additional resources. OpenStax works nicely in this regard. The supplementals are not fancy but we have made additional testbanks and other free resources available to all our faculty in a collective approach to compile very nice additional resources.” “I am able to think a little more creatively of what new experiences I can design for my students using resources in the text or other online resources. I think the text is a great foundation, but I don’t feel constrained to shy away from employing other teaching tools for fear they might ask: “Well, if you were going to have us watch this video or do this online tutorial – why did we have to pay $250 for the textbook?” “I create more collections of images to build presentation, rather than going straight from the book.”
  • 16. Based on your experiences as a teacher, to what extent do you agree with the following statements? % of educators who strongly agree or agree with the following statements: "Use of Open Educational Resources (e.g. OpenStax College textbooks) in the classroom...” Allows me to better accommodate diverse learners’ needs (67.1%, n=49) Increases learners’ satisfaction with the learning experience (66.2%, n=49) Increases learners’ experimentation with new ways of learning (64.4%, n=47) Increases learners’ engagement with lesson content (61.6%, n=45) Develops learners’ increased independence and self-reliance (58.1%, n=43) Increases learners’ interest in the subjects taught (54.1%, n=40) Leads to improved students’ grades (50.7%, n=37) Increases learners’ participation in class discussions (47.3%, n=35) Increases learners’ enthusiasm for future study (47.3%, n=35) Builds learners’ confidence (45.8%, n=33) Increases collaboration and/or peer-support among learners (45.8%, n=33) Leads to learners becoming interested in a wider range of subjects than before they used OER (42.5%, n=31)
  • 17. “In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your students?” “They are able to access the textbook and start doing homework immediately rather than being delayed until weeks after the start of the course due to lack of finances.” “Ease of use for students and parents. The 'note-taking" type of students can print pages, and when I find students have a specific difficulty I can even print a page to use in class. Faster students can read on devices at any time - they enjoy viewing the book from smartphones etc.” “They have the book as a resource after leaving class. With another text they would most likely sell it back. Also sharing content with others outside of class.” reading of the Increased portable “textbook, and a them e-textbooks, that can go with textbook other review. Unlike can stay for this one with them.” “…the students are sharing notes and annotations online.” “The resource gave them a sound understanding of the topic and they were able to do self-directed study from it. The result is that seniors have excelled in their exams.”
  • 18. “In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your students?” “more student engagement in lab activities and lecture presentation” “Free and available online (while they work, or are at home) make OpenStax texts a great excuse-defying tool. In a positive light- students have access to the text wherever and whenever they need/want it.” “…Students love having multiple options for textbook format (epub, iBook, pdf, or hardcopy). Enrollment in my class has increased by 25% - can't say for sure it is due to the textbook, but it certainly has helped. …” “It saves all 800 students per year about $120. One student told me that she had to work 15 hours for each book that she has to buy. That really put it in perspective.” “Students seem somewhat more engaged.” “I think that it is highly beneficial to have a brand new text to use, I would have been forced through budgetary constraints to purchase other texts which old..” are 5-10 years
  • 19. In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your studies? “Made learning easier and more accessible, helped and broadened my understanding and learning, made me WANT to study, helped me become interested in Biology because of the easy layout and presentation.” (High School Student) “Saved my back, I already have so many other books in my backpack and using my computer for more info saved additional stress that would have been on my back.” (College student) “Increased my Ap Biology grade dramatically.” (Earlier this High School respondent reported: “I went from being horrible in AP Biology to actually reading these and went from a D 66% up to a A 90% So far.”) “Open Stax textbooks offer me peace of mind and permit me to study in a more relaxed way. I am grateful not to have to come up with hundreds of dollars per class for books.” (Student studying without a teacher) “It has allowed for me to develop knowledge easily in areas that I thought would be difficult to learn in due to the inability to buy an in-depth textbook.” (High School Student)
  • 21. “As a result of using OpenStax College (OSC) textbooks, are you more or less likely to do any of the following?” 96.1% of educators who use OSC textbooks are more likely to recommend OpenStax College textbooks to fellow educators/teachers (n=73) 92% of respondents are more likely to make an OSC textbook the required text for their students (n=69) 80% of respondents are more likely to discuss using OSC materials with their institution’s administrators (n=60) Nearly 80% of respondents who use OSC textbooks are more likely to use other OER for teaching (79.5%, n=58)
  • 23. Summary/Next Steps • Further analysis of OpenStax College and Siyavula data, e.g. comparison of adopters/users with non-users, public school respondents with private school respondents • BCcampus Educators Survey (Fall/Winter 2014/5) • Further comparisons between open textbook surveys • Case study work and further survey work: Fall 2014 • Open dissemination of data and findings via Impact Map (Open Textbook Research Week (June 2014) and OpenStax College Infographics) • Add your evidence to the Impact Map! Thanks for listening! …Any questions?
  • 24. Thanks for listening! http://oerresearchhub.org http://oermap.org @BeckPitt http://openstaxcollege.org
  • 25. in service of The Open University

Notas do Editor

  1. Public Interest Research Groups across USA Collaborative Statistics … Introductory Statistics Affordable College Textbook Act Impact on Access to Education
  2. 4 further open textbooks to be released in 2015. Announced that will be producing textbooks for K12 sector in August 2014. 21 textbooks planned by 2017. “5 million learners”
  3. Slightly higher than average for educators we surveyed: 86.3% told us they have adapted OER (n=556) Overall just under 80% across all groups (79.4%)
  4. Top four responses are the same as overall educator data for entire population surveyed, so 44.1% of educators strongly agreed or agreed with better accommodate diverse learners’ needs. 40.5%, 40.4 and 40.1 etc. Sample around 850 educators
  5. Higher levels of wanting to help improve textbooks (67,1% submit correction details) and almost 40% contribute content Adopter group: no change (bias)