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2. Caste system
 Horton and Hunt
‘’A stratified social system in which social position
is entirely determined by percentage, no provision
for change of position.’’
 Macionis
‘’Social stratification based on birth iscalled
caste’’

3. Meaning of caste
 It is believed that theorigin of word caste is
Portuguese word ‘’Casta’’ which means
linage and Hindi word ‘’Varna’’ meanscolor
and caste.
 It is fact that the Indian caste system is the
typical and classical all overtheworld.

4. Manu’s Classification of Caste in
India
1. Brahman
2. Khashtary
3. Vash
4. Shodar

5. Brahman
 Brahman and priest were the top social leader
in Hindu society.
 The job of the Brahman were to administer the
religious ceremonies and practices.
 The teaching of the holy books were restricted
to Brahmana alone.

6. Khashtary
 Khashtarywere the military man, whowere
responsible to protect the country from
outside aggression and to establish peace
and order in thecountry.

7. Vash
 Vash were the teachers, businessmen,
agriculturist, and industrial worker.

8. Shodar
 Shodarwas supposed toserveall thecastes.
They were regarded as inferior class. These
are regarded as untouchable and lowest in
this stratification.

9. Caste System in Pakistan
1. Ashraaf
2. Ajlaf
1. Arzaal

10. Ashraaf
 Ashraaf means superior. In Pakistan, Syeds
are considered superior

11. Ajlaf
 Rajput's, Gujjars and Jats areconsidered.

12. Arzaal
 Mussalis, Mirasis, Moeens, Muhajirs, and allothers
castes are considered to belowest.
 Law; in 1959, a lawa was passed, which permitted even
inter-marriages among

13. Disadvantages
1. Denies mobility of labor
2. Untouchability
3. Obstacle to nationalunity
4. Obstacle to nationalprogress
5. Lack of competition
6. Social disabilities
7. Un-democratic
8. Segmental division
9. Group hierarchy
10. Restrictions on mixing
11. Civil and religiousdisabilities
12. Limited choice of occupation
13. Restriction on marriage.