Chapter Introduction to psychology for GNM and B. Sc Nursing students

1. Review questions: B. Sc Nursing psychology Chapter: Introduction to psychology
[Prepared by: Daly felicitus, Psychologist, Mahima Nursing College, Parvati Nagar, Ballari.
dalycher@gmail.com]
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Define the psychology, enlist the methods of psychology and explain them?
Definition: The word psychology was formed by combining the Greek psyche (meaning “breath, principle
of life, life, soul,”) with - logia (which comes from the Greek logos, meaning “speech, word, reason”).
Methods of Psychology: The methods of Psychology is used for gathering information or facts or data by
a psychologist.
1. Introspection method (Self observation method)
This is the oldest method in psychology to do research. Introspection means look within. In this method
patients observe, analyse and report his or her feelings. This method is less expensive. This method is
not for mentally retarded people and children.
2. Observational method ( Systematic observation method)
It is a scientific method and can be verified. It studies the behaviour of an individual scientifically. It has
various techniques, that is, PARTICIPATION METHOD, NON PARTICIPATION METHOD, CONTROLLED
METHOD and UNCONTROLLED METHOD.
3. Experimental method
It is the most important scientific method used to study human behaviour. This method is popularised
and developed by Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (father of psychology). In this method human behaviour is
observed in the laboratory. This method is highly effective and expensive.
4. Survey method
This method is very useful for collecting information through two different techniques. One is an
interview technique and the other one is questionnaire technique. This method is time consuming and
expensive.
5. Questionnaire method
In this method questions are printed and sent to respond requesting them to answer all types of closed
questions and sometimes open type questions.
Merits: It is economical, the response will be given time to answer it, very less expensive
Demerits: Useful for only educated, possibilities of wrong answers, sometimes postal delay....

2. 6. Test method
This method is used to measure the talent, skill, and ability of an individual. This method follows true or
false techniques to evaluate and improve.
7. Clinical method (Case history)
This is a popular and useful method in the medical field, useful to collect patients history to find reasons
and causes for the disease. In this method information can be collected through case history,
interactions, home visits....
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
2. Define psychology? How does psychology differ from other subjects?
Definition: The word psychology was formed by combining the Greek psyche (meaning “breath, principle
of life, life, soul,”) with - logia (which comes from the Greek logos, meaning “speech, word, reason”).
It differs from other subjects in several ways:
A. Focus: Psychology focuses specifically on human behavior and mental processes, whereas other
subjects may focus on different aspects of the world such as physics, biology, or economics.
B. Methodology: Psychology uses a wide range of methodologies to study behavior and mental
processes, including experiments, surveys, observations, and case studies. Other subjects may use
different methodologies, such as mathematical models or field studies.
C. Interdisciplinary nature: Psychology is an interdisciplinary subject that draws on insights from other
fields such as neuroscience, biology, sociology, and anthropology.
D. Application: Psychology is often applied in practical settings, such as therapy, education, and business.
Other subjects may also have practical applications, but psychology's focus on human behavior and
mental processes makes it particularly relevant to these areas.
3. Write about the scope of psychology?
Scope of psychology
A. Pure psychology
1. General Psychology
2. Abnormal Psychology
3. Social Psychology
4. Geo Psychology

3. 5. Para Psychology
6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology
B. Applied Psychology
1. Educational Psychology
2. Clinical Psychology
3. Military Psychology
4. Political Psychology
5. Legal Psychology
6. Adult Psychology
7. Experimental Psychology
8. Industrial Psychology
And the above branches in psychology deal with:
(Pure psychology)
1. General Psychology - Normal behaviour
2. Abnormal Psychology - Mentally retarded people
3. Social Psychology - Group dynamics
4. Geo Psychology - It explains the geographical environment with its relationship with human behaviour.
5. Para Psychology - It explains about E. S. P ( Extra Sensory Perception)
Examples: Telepathy, Pre-Recognition....
6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology - Deals with infancy to old-age
(Applied Psychology)
1. Educational Psychology - Explains about education such as thinking, learning, motivation..
2. Clinical Psychology - Explains about diagnosis, treatments....
3. Military Psychology - It deals with military science
4. Political Psychology - It deals with the politics and political behaviour of individuals, formation of
government, leadership qualities....

4. 5. Legal Psychology - It deals with legal aspects such as criminals, witnesses, Judges, lawyers....
6. Adult Psychology - It deals with adolescents and their parents, parenthood.
7. Experimental Psychology - It deals with experiments on human behaviour in the laboratory to find a
solution for behaviour problems
8. Industrial Psychology - It deals with industrial behaviour in industrial environments.
4. Write the branches of psychology?
(Pure psychology)
1. General Psychology - Normal behaviour
2. Abnormal Psychology - Mentally retarded people
3. Social Psychology - Group dynamics
4. Geo Psychology - It explains geographical environment with its relationship with human behaviour.
5. Para Psychology - It explains about E. S. P ( Extra Sensory Perception)
Example: Telepathy, Pre-Recognition....
6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology - Deals with infancy to old-age
(Applied Psychology)
1. Educational Psychology - Explains about education such as thinking, learning, motivation..
2. Clinical Psychology - Explains about diagnosis, treatments....
3. Military Psychology - It deals with military science
4. Political Psychology - It deals with politics and political behaviour of individuals, formation of
government, leadership qualities....
5. Legal Psychology - It deals with legal aspects such as criminals, witness, Judges, lawyers....
6. Adult Psychology - It deals with adolescents and their parents, parenthood.
7. Experimental Psychology - It deals about experiments on human behaviour in laboratory to find a
solution for behaviour problems
8. Industrial Psychology - It deals with industrial behaviour in industrial environment.
5. What are the measurement scales?
In psychology, there are four commonly used measurement scales:

5. 1. Nominal Scale: This scale is used to categorize data into different groups or categories. Examples of
nominal scale measurements in psychology include gender, race, or political affiliation.
2. Ordinal Scale: This scale is used to rank data in a specific order, but the distance between the ranks is
not known. Examples of ordinal scale measurements in psychology include measures of preferences or
attitudes.
3. Interval Scale: This scale is used to measure data on a scale where the distance between the points is
known, but there is no true zero point. Examples of interval scale measurements in psychology include
measures of temperature or IQ.
4. Ratio Scale: This scale is used to measure data on a scale where the distance between the points is
known, and there is a true zero point. Examples of ratio scale measurements in psychology include
measures of weight, height, or reaction time.
6. Describe about the case study?
Case study
Which means studying individual in depth.
• One individual is examined intensively to find out as much as possible about a certain problem or an
issue as it relates to that person.
• It is most often used to investigate abnormal behavior.
• Biographical data, scores on psychological tests and information obtained in extensive interviews are
the measures of the case study or case history methods.
• Overgeneralization and non objectivity are the limitations of the case study methods.
7. How applied psychology is useful to solve everyday issues?
Applied psychology is the use of psychological principles, theories, and research findings to solve real-
world problems. It is useful in solving everyday issues in several ways:
1. Personal development: Applied psychology can help individuals improve their personal lives by
providing tools and techniques for managing stress, improving communication skills, and enhancing self-
esteem and confidence.
2. Health and wellness: Applied psychology can be used to promote healthy behaviors, such as exercise,
healthy eating, and smoking cessation. It can also be used to address mental health issues, such as
anxiety and depression.
3. Education: Applied psychology can be used to improve teaching and learning by identifying effective
teaching methods and strategies for enhancing student motivation and engagement.

6. 4. Business and industry: Applied psychology can be used to improve productivity, workplace
satisfaction, and employee well-being. It can also be used to develop effective marketing and advertising
strategies.
5. Social issues: Applied psychology can be used to address social issues such as prejudice, discrimination,
and inequality. It can also be used to develop interventions to reduce crime and violence.
8. Explain the importance of psychology in nursing?
Importance of psychology in the nursing profession
Combining psychology and nursing addresses both the emotional and physical well-being of patients.
Learn more about how nurses can utilize psychology.
By the nature of the profession, many nurses need to be skilled at navigating both the emotional and
physical needs of their patients. Due to the close relationships often formed in these types of medical
settings, psychology tends to emerge as a key element in daily practice.
Additionally, nurses are increasingly recognizing the role mental health takes in overall physical well-
being.
Given these realities, many nurses will turn to principles of psychology to ensure the best possible
outcomes in patient health, communication, and daily relationship building.
Therefore, it’s important for nursing programs to incorporate psychology alongside their requirements
for science and medicine, in turn adding necessary depth and context to the practice.
9. Explain the relationship of psychology with other subjects?
Here are some examples of the relationship of psychology with other subjects:
1. Biology: Psychology and biology are closely related because the brain and nervous system play a
critical role in behavior and mental processes.
2. Sociology: Psychology and sociology are related because both fields study human behavior.
3. Anthropology: Psychology and anthropology are related because both fields study human behavior
and culture.
4. Economics: Psychology and economics are related because both fields study decision-making
behavior.
5. Education: Psychology and education are related because both fields are concerned with learning and
development.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
10. What is meant by the Field Survey Method?

7. Field survey method is a research technique used in social sciences and other disciplines to collect
primary data from a specific population or group of individuals in a natural setting, such as a community,
workplace, or public space.
11. What is meant by Survey?
Sample survey is a research method used in social sciences and other fields to collect data from a
representative sample of a population.
12. List out the Psychological tests.
Commonly used psychological tests:
1. Intelligence tests - used to assess cognitive abilities, such as memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
2. Personality tests - used to assess individual differences in personality traits, such as extraversion,
neuroticism, and openness.
3. Neuropsychological tests - used to assess cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and
language abilities, in individuals with neurological conditions.
4. Behavioral assessments - used to measure observable behaviors, such as aggression, impulsivity, and
hyperactivity.
5. Projective tests - used to elicit unconscious thoughts and feelings through ambiguous stimuli, such as
inkblots or pictures.
6. Clinical interviews - used to gather information about an individual's mental health history, current
symptoms, and functioning.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.................refers to the study of facts and principles. (Science)
2. In the definition "psyche" means.......... "logos" means.................... (soul, the study of)
3. Psychology's exact meaning is study of........ (Behaviour)
4. The definition "Psychology is the positive science of behaviour" was defined by...............( J.B. Watson)
5. The meaning of psychology was replaced from............ to.......... .... (study of mind, the study of the
soul)
6. The meaning of psychology study of 'soul' was replaced by 'mind' by......... (William James)
7. Psychology is the study of mental and.............. behaviour. (bodily)
8. General psychology deals with........... (general principles of psychology)

8. 9. Dealing with genes on the behaviour of the individuals is called............. psychology.
(genetic/developmental)
10. ..........deals with the relationship between the various bodily and mental processes. (Physiological
psychology)
11. .........deals with the social behaviour of an individual. (Social psychology)
12. 40's in abnormal psychology are....... (Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction & Dange)
13. Clinical psychology is an...... part of abnormal psychology (applied)
14. Electroconvulsive therapy, counselling, psychotherapy, guidance are used by......... (Clinical
psychologist)
15. Education, and industrial vocation psychology are included in...... (applied psychology)
16. The organizational psychology comes under....... (Applied psychology)
17. psychology is the understanding and explanation of behaviour in general through research and...........
experiments. (Experimental)
18. The..........psychology is the process of development of behaviour from infancy to old
age.(developmental)
19. Organizational psychology was earlier known as........... psychology.(industrial)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Psychology is
a. Study of behaviour. b. Study of human health. c. Study of drugs. d. Study of disease.
2.The term "Psychology" was derived from words.
a. Greek b. France d. Italic c. Latin
3. Definition of psychology is
a. Study of the science of mind.
b. Study of science of consciousness.
c. Study of the science of behaviour.
d. Study of science of the soul.
4. The second phase which explains the definition of psychology is

9. a. Science of soul. b. Science of behaviour.
c. Science of consciousness. d. Science of Mind.
5. The definition "Psychology is the study of human behaviour and human relationships was defined by
a. Woodworth. b. Crow and Crow.
c. Koffka Kurt. d. Boring Langfeld
6. First psychology lost its soul, then it lost its mind, then it lost its consciousness and it still has the
behaviour of a sort. This was stated by:
a. K. Clark. b. Withelm Wundt
c. Crow and Crow d. R.S. Woodworth
7. Psychology is the study of human nature. This was defined by
a. R.S.Woodworth. b. Boring Langfeld.
c. Dark and Miller. d. Mc. Dougall.
8. The branch which deals with general principles of psychology is
a. Comparative psychology b. Genetic psychology
c. General psychology. d. Developmental psychology
9. The branch which is similar to genetic paychology is:
a. Developmental psychology b. Animal psychology. c. Comparative psychology
d. Educational psychology
10. The branch which is similar to comparative psychology is
a. Genetic psychology. b. Animal psychology c. Developmental psychology d. Psychiatry
11. The psychology which deals with the children under the age of 12 is
a.Developmental psychology b. Child psychology c. Genetic psychology. d. Physiological psychology
12. Greek philosophers defined psychology as
a Study of soul b. Study of mind c. Study of mind and body d. Both a and b
e. None of the above.
12. Much of man's behaviour is determined by innate instincts that are largely unconscious. This was
proposed by

10. a. ABF Skinner b. JB Watson, c. Sigmund Freud. d. HS Sullivan.
14. Which of the following is a branch of pure psychology?
a. Abnormal psychology b. Educational psychology c. Clinical psychology d. Legal psychology
32. Population survey is otherwise known as
a. introspection. b. sample survey. c. survey method d. census survey
33. "Introspection" means
a. looking into oneself b. looking into others c. looking for establishing
d. looking into both oneself and others
34. The experiment method aims at
a. observational relationship. b. correlational relationship
C. cause and effect relationship. d. survey relationship.
35. AB technique means
a before technique. b. before and after technique c. after technique d. during the technique.
36. The scientific study of human and animal behaviour is described by:
a. John B.Watsun b. Binet c. Freud d. Canon
37. Pure psychology provides the
a. framework and theory b. formulation of psychological principles and
theories c. It provides the information
d. growth and development.
38. The branches of pure psychology are except
a general psychology b abnormal psychology c. social psychology d. educational paychology
39. The psychology related to weather, climate, soil and landscape with behaviour is known as
a. Geriatric psychology. b. Geo psycholology c. Geology d. Gene ptychology.
40. Astirred up the disturbed state of mind is
a. emotion b. attention. c. mind d. behaviour.
41. A well-learned performance is
a. attention. b. attitude. c. habit. d. emotion.

11. 43. ..........of modification of behaviour is
a. The process a learning. b. intelligence. c. maturation. d. perception.
Answers: a (1, 2, 9, 14, 22, 23, 24, 26, 33, 37, 40, 42) b (5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 35, 36, 39) c (3,
8, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 41) d (4, 6, 12, 16, 32, 38)
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1. Social behaviour - a. Below the age of 12 2. Genetic psychology - b. Clinical psychology
3. Abnormal behaviour - c. Social psychology 4. Child psychology - d. Developmental psychology
5. Diagnosis and treatment - e. Abnormal psychology
(Answer: 1. 1-c, 2-d, 3-e, 4-a, 5-b)
TRUE OR FALSE
1. Psychology is positive science of behaviour
2. Child psychology studies the behaviour of children from birth to about age 12.
3. Psychology is the science of unconsciousness.
4. All one-time psychology was considered as a part of philosophy
5. All the symptoms are popularly labelled as neurotics.
6. The study of diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is environmental psychology
7. A behaviour that interferes with the daily functioning of the individual leading to maladjustment is
distress
8. Pychology that deals with genes or genetic influence on the behaviour of the individual are genetic
psychology
9. Applied psychology is devoted to solving practical problems.
10. 40's in abnormal psychology are deviance, distress, decency, and dysfunction.
11. Physiological psychology deals with the relationship between the various bodily and mental
psychology
12. General psychology dests with scientific principles of psychology
13. The third phase of psychology mears the science of consciousness.
(Answers: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13 - True and 3, 6, 7, 10, 12 - False)