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Presentation Skills

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We will cover following important topics:
1. Get to know your listeners
2. Analyze the circumstances around your talk
3. The location and the size of audience
• Planning
4. Brainstorm the topic
5. Get the hard information
6. Write a draft and read it aloud
7. Use visual aids
• Writing
8. Practice, Practice, Practice
9. Its natural to feel nervous
• Completing
10. Delivery of your speech
11. Handling Questions
• Deliver the presentation

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What is a presentation?
A presentation is any opportunity to communicate your point of view or ideas to audience. This can
informal or formal, impromptu or prepared, individual or group.

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So this lecture will introduce you to the art of making presentations or public speaking where you will be more
powerful, more persuasive and more impressive as public speaker. And also more confident as you will face the
opportunity of making a speech with less fear.
Do you know?
The truth is, nobody is born a good speaker. Good speaking is learned and takes a great deal of hard work.

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1-Get to know your listener
One of the most common communication barriers in presentation is the speaker's assumptions that
they know and understand if you want to achieve your purpose the you need to ask of two or three of
the people who will be attending your prestation:
• What do you want to know about the topic?
• Do you know the knowledge level of the audience on this topic?
• Do you know I’m giving this talk and why you’re here?
• What sort of work have done in this area?
• Why are you attending this presentation?
• Do you think that my topic will have an impact on your work?
• How interested are you in this topic?
• How long do you want me to present for?

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2- ANALYZE THE CIRCUMSTANCES AROUND YOUR
TALK
Your presentation will be affected by the location and the audience. In adjusting your presentation to
the audience, you have to decide.
• What level of language and style to use
• What is the circumstances and occasion of your speech or talk?
• Is it sales presentation, a speech at wedding, or an informational speech?
• Is it light-hearted, persuasive, political, passionate speech?
• What is the time length and situation of the speech?
Remember
Learn about and understand your audience, and don’t make any assumptions.

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3-THE LOCATION AND THE SIZE OF THE AUDIENCE
The location of a meeting and the facilities will have a major bearing upon your ability to give an
interesting presentation. If you have a video, slide, audio and overhead projector facilities, you will
be able to illustrate your report.

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A checklist for the venue
• The room size, seating arrangements, layout, set-up, and acoustics.
• The technical arrangements, e.g microphones.
• What controls are there for air-conditioning (too cold, too hot), lighting, moving people in/out?
• What are the seats like?
• Are there coffee facilities?

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4-BRAINSTROM THE TOPIC
This consists of writing down everything about the project that comes into your head. Jot down
anything you feel may be useful – quotes, ideas, anecdotes, facts, figures, examples anything. Don’t
worry about organizing it yet, you can do that later.
Remember
Make the brainstorming session as long as possible. Write down as many things as you possibly can.

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A checklist for brainstorming
• Do you already have some good stories, analogies or examples?
• Do you have the facts and statistics necessary to support your argument?
• Have you got the must-know, should-know and the nice-to-know points?
• Do you have more materials than you need in case you need stretch the presentation out?

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5-GET THE HARD INFORMATION
The quality of a good speech is often determined by the quality of the information it provides. Start
now to read up research as much information as holidaying in the snow mountain. Can you find any
interesting statistics? Some unseal facts? Something that will keep your audience interested?
Did you know?
A speech that is full of observation and information will keep the interest of your audience

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Checklist for your key facts
• Have you collected sufficient facts and figures to support your argument?
• Do you have good quotes that are entering and memorable for your audience?
• Have to checked to ensure that your information is relevant and up-to-date?
• Have you double-checked your information to make that is will withstand criticism and is accurate

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6-WRITE A DRAFT AND READ IT ALOUD
Once you have come up with a good idea and theme, done your research and have good quotes
and a good solid body of interesting information the best way to develop your speech is to let is stew
for a while. The more time you let the ideas float in your head, the clearer they’ll become an easier
you will be able to write them down.
When you write the first draft of our speech, it should contain the three basic elements:
• The Introduction
• The Discussion
• The Conclusion

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7-USE VISUAL AIDS
It is important to consider which visual aids may be used to enhance the presentation of mere facts.
Visual aids help to create and to illustrate points that may be hard to explain using words alone
Here are some visual aids that you might consider for your presentation:
• Overhead projector.
• Whiteboard.
• Flip charts to prepare.
• Video clips.
• Models and/ or sample.
• A computer-based program such as Microsoft PowerPoint.
Did you know?
Up to 50% of information is taken in through the eyes, you should consider adding visual aids to
enhance your presentation.

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8-PRACTISE PRACTISE PRACTISE
It is rare for everyone to remember a speech perfectly. If you want to deliver a really interesting,
confident and memorable speech, you will need to practice.
As you rehearse, consider how yow look and sound. Remember to:
• Try not to stand behind a lectern.
• Express your power to your audience by speaking confidently.
• Stand tall.
• Make good use of facial expression and gesture to add feeling and greater meaning to your
presentation.
• Use our voice well.

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9-ITS NATURAL TO FEEL NERVOUS
Even after you have practiced constantly, you will still probably feel nervous when you finally get out
there in front of your audience.

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If you follow some of the pointers below, they will certainly help you to ease your nervousness and
will make experience much more pleasant.
• When you feel nervous, take a deep breath, hold it, Then let it out with a confident smile..
• Look at your audience.
• Use gestures appropriately, move your arms around to demonstrate your points.
• Respond to the looks and body language of your audience.
• Just because you are nervous doesn’t mean that you must freeze and do a bad job.
• Remind yourself that you are there to help the audience take something of value away.
• Just imagine that you are the idol and your audience is there to soak away your message.
• Leave yourself with plenty of time – don’t rush about.
• Eat and drink only lightly.
• Speak slowly, clearly, and with impact.
• Project your voice to reach the row of the audience.

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Presentation Time
Your Voice
Your Visual Aids
Start Audience Mood
10-DELIVERY OF YOURE
PRESENTATION
We’re now on our feet at last. Facing
our audience. The following seven
factors will contribute towards our
success during the presentation . Your
critical success factors are:
Body Language
Timing
Conclusion

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The Start
The greatest battle is won when you make a great start. Bear the following points in mind:
• Do not apologies.
• Be confident.
• Know the topic well.
• Be confident.

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Audience mood
• Be empathic with your audience mood.
• Watch your audience’s body language.
• Watch their facial expressions, glances exchanged, shuffling of feet.
• Be professional.
• Use good pace and drive
• Don’t be arrogant – this will turn your audience against you.
• Control your enthusiasm.

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Your voice
• Use it with skill.
• Be clearly audible.
• Use a microphone if necessary.
• Keep you head up.
• Speak more slowly so the audience can digest what you are saying.
• Accent on the last syllable of each word of clarity.
• Use the right pace.
• Use a good pitch.

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Body language
The body can help or hinder a good presentation. Pay attention the following:
• Positioning of our body – stand in a good posture, do not pace around too much.
• Use your hands in proper gestures to support your points.
• Good use of eye contact.
• Avoid mannerisms that irritate, e.g. Swaying side to side, fiddling with marker pens, pointers or
spectacles.
• Placing hands in pockets.

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Your visual aid
• When using flip charts or whites board, write from the side.
• Write legibly.
• Stand so that you do not block the view of the screen or flipchart.
• Do not speak to the board or screen.

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Timing
Make sure you end on time. Nothing is worse than going overtime unless you have checked with the
audience first. Keep to your allotted time.
Conclusion
Finish with a bang. Go out on a high note. Ask the audience for action. Whatever else, leave no
doubt audience’s mind that you have come to an end your presentation.

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11-HANDLING QUESTIONS
You must also be prepared to answer any questions from the audience. If there is a question that
you are afraid of, prepare your answer and consider it carefully before giving it.
You may want to leave question until the end or inform your audience that you will take questions as
you go along.
• Probably leaving questions until the end is a better timing as your train of thought can easily be
broken by interruption.
• Look directly at the questioner as you speak, repeat the question for all to hear.
• Answer the question by also looking at the audience and not just at the person who asked you the
question.