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Music in the Middle Ages,[object Object],Melody vs Polyphony,[object Object]
The Middle Ages,[object Object],450-1450,[object Object]
Life was tough…,[object Object],20% of women died during childbirth,[object Object],20% of children died during birth or infancy,[object Object],Men and women would marry as young as 12-14 years old….typically, though, women were 17-18 years old and men were in their late 20s or 30s,[object Object]
People were superstitious…,[object Object]
4 middle ages, monophony
Different times…,[object Object],Entertainment,[object Object],Games and sports, hunting, banquets, jousts and tournaments,[object Object],Feast days were very important,[object Object]
Feast Days in just the month of February:,[object Object],   1st    St Brigid and St Ignatius 2nd     Candlemas4th      St Gilbert 5th      St Agatha 9th      Purification of St Mary 11th   St Frideswide14th   St Valentine 16th   St Juliana 23rd   St Milburga24th   St Mathias 28th   St Oswald,[object Object]
So what does all this mean for music?,[object Object],The Catholic Church was the center of musical life,[object Object],Mainly  vocal,[object Object],The Church frowned on instruments because of their earlier role in pagan rites.,[object Object],“To what purpose, I pray you, is that terrible blowing of bellows, expressing rather the cracks of thunder than the sweetness of a Voyce.” –St. Aethelred,[object Object],Organs were played on special occaisions…people sometimes complained that the noise was a distraction to worshipers,[object Object]
Gregorian Chant!,[object Object],The official music of the Roman Catholic Church for over 1,000 years,[object Object],Single line of music without accompaniment ,[object Object],Represents the voice of the Church, rather than any single individual,[object Object],Flexible rhythm with little sense of beat,[object Object]
4 middle ages, monophony
3 kinds of Gregorian chant,[object Object],Syllabic,[object Object],One syllable for every note,[object Object],Mary Had a Little Lamb,[object Object],Melismatic,[object Object],Few syllables over many notes,[object Object],Angels We Have Heard on High “Gloria”,[object Object],Neumatic,[object Object],In between: one syllable over a few notes,[object Object],Amazing Grace,[object Object]
Pope Gregory I,[object Object],AKA: St. Gregory the Great,[object Object],Reorganized the Catholic liturgy,[object Object],Although Gregorian chant gets its name from this pope, he is not the sole creator of Gregorian chant,[object Object]
How did they learn music?,[object Object],In the early middle ages, music was all passed on by oral tradition.,[object Object],Write down what I say…,[object Object],Is this the most accurate way of doing things?,[object Object]
4 middle ages, monophony
Guido D’Arezzo,[object Object],Monk,[object Object],990-1050 A.D.,[object Object],Invented the concept of music notation similar to how it is done today,[object Object],Four line staff and clefs,[object Object]
4 middle ages, monophony
Guidonian Hand,[object Object],Each hand joint represented a note,[object Object],Teachers could point to a joint in order to teach monks new chant music,[object Object],Guido d’Arezzo most likely did not create this method, but it was named after him,[object Object],Let’s try it ourselves…,[object Object]
Well that works, but let’s think of something better.,[object Object],Imagine, for a moment, that we never had written music before. How would you create it?,[object Object],Guido came up with the basic music notation system,[object Object],Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La,[object Object],Does that look familiar?,[object Object]
UtQueantLaxisHymn to St. John the Baptist,[object Object]
Here’s an example:,[object Object],Write in the syllables,[object Object]
4 middle ages, monophony
Monophony,[object Object],What does all of this chant have in common?,[object Object],Let’s have a brave volunteer…,[object Object]
Congratulations!,[object Object],You’ve just sung monophony!,[object Object],Monophony=Single line of music.,[object Object],Any voice singing or any instrument playing by itself is considered monophonic music,[object Object],However: more than one voice or instrument can perform in unison and still be considered monophonic (Gregorian Chant),[object Object],Monophony was the main form of music in the early part of the middle ages,[object Object]
My favorite piece of monophonic music:,[object Object]

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4 middle ages, monophony

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Notas do Editor

  1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaU
  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaUMonty Python witch
  3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEKhr002Ts&feature=related
  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLIlkPNnxUITelephone game
  5. Guido d’Arezzo
  6. Bach Cello Suite No 1 YoYo Mahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZn_VBgkPNY