Metals - Reactivity Series

Last Lesson… METALS: The Physical Properties of Metals

Physical properties of metals METALS Solid state at room temp Shiny appearance High density Good heat conductors Good conductors of electricity High Melting and Boiling point Ductile and malleable Strong and tough Except Mercury (Liquid) Due to strong forces (metallic) except Mercury and alkali metals Due to the presence of mobile ions Can be bent and stretched without breaking Atoms are closely packed Due to the presence of mobile ions

Metals and Alloys Iron Carbon LEGEND: Pure Iron Metal Steel (Alloy) Using the diagram above, explain why alloys are harder and stronger than pure metals? ,[object Object],[object Object],A mixture of 2 or more metals

Chapter 9:METALS METALS: The Reactivity Series

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Objectives (1)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],At the end of the lesson, students should be able to Objectives (2)

METALS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES have REACTIVITY OF METALS includes REACTIVITY SERIES Arranged in Most reactive Least reactive Dilute acids Cold water Steam Determined by the reaction Discussed in last lesson Reduction of metal oxides Decomposition of metal carbonates An Overview

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The order of reactivity

Metals I II III IV V VI VII O 11 Fe 26 Cu Zn 30 29 Ag 47 Na 11 Mg 12 K 19 Ca 20 Pb 82 H 1

R E A C T I V I T Y MOST REACTIVE METAL LEAST REACTIVE METAL Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Zinc (Zn) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (Hydrogen) Copper (Cu) Silver (Ag) P lease S end C ats M onkeys Z ebras I nto L ovely H appy C ages S oon Non-metal Reactivity Series

MOST REACTIVE METAL P lease S end C ats M onkeys A nd Z ebras I n L arge H ired C ages M ake S ure P roperly G uarded Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium (Al) Zinc (Zn) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) (Hydrogen) Copper (Cu) Mercury (Hg) Silver (Ag) Platinum (Pt) Gold (Au) R E A C T I V I T Y LEAST REACTIVE METAL

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using Experimental Observations Determination of Reactivity Series

Apparatus Hydrogen gas Cold water Filter funnel Metal

[object Object],[object Object],Reaction of Potassium with cold water 2K(s) + 2H 2 O(l) 2KOH (aq) + H 2 (g) Potassium + Water Potassium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas Violent reaction; may explodes with water Cold water K K Hydrogen gas Red litmus turn blue Aqueous Potassium hydroxide Hydrogen gas can burn in air Potassium darted around on the surface of water Hydrogen gas given off and a alkaline solution formed

Water Aqueous Potassium hydroxide Hydrogen gas Violent reaction Testing of hydrogen gas: Lighted splint goes off with a ‘pop’ sound Potassium Test for hydrogen gas “ POP”

[object Object],[object Object],Reaction of Magnesium with cold water 2Mg(s) + 2H 2 O(l) 2Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Magnesium + Water Magnesium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas Reaction is too slow! Petri dish Top view of Petri dish Magnesium ribbon Bubbles of H 2 gas

[object Object],Reaction of Zinc with cold water Zn (s) + H 2 O(l) No reaction Zinc Water Petri dish Top view of Petri dish No reaction

Table 1: Reaction of Metals with cold water Reactivity of metals increase up the series ,[object Object],Zinc Iron Lead Copper Silver ,[object Object],[object Object],Magnesium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Calcium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sodium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Potassium Observations/Equations Metal

Reaction of Metals with Steam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction of Magnesium with Steam Mg (s) + H 2 O(g) MgO (s) + H 2 (g) Magnesium + Steam Magnesium oxide + Hydrogen gas Reaction is vigorous! Hydrogen gas burn in air Glass wool soaked with water Heat to produce steam Magnesium ribbon is heated; bright white glow produced

Apparatus Hydrogen gas Glass wool soaked in water Metal Heat Heat Water

Table 2: Reaction of Metals with Steam Reactivity of metals increase up the series ,[object Object],Lead Copper Silver ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Iron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Zinc ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Magnesium Observations/Equations Metal

K > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag Increasing reactivity Decreasing reactivity Using Experimental Observations Reactivity of Metals

Reaction of Metals with dilute acid For example, dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) ,[object Object],[object Object],Metal + Dilute acid Salt + Hydrogen gas ,[object Object],[object Object]

Demonstration Time! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metal X Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube 3 Metal Y Metal Z ,[object Object],[object Object]

Table 3: Reaction of Metals with dilute hydrochloric acid Reactivity of metals increase up the series; metals on top of the series reacted more readily and violently with dilute acids ,[object Object],[object Object],Zinc ,[object Object],Lead Copper Silver ,[object Object],[object Object],Iron ,[object Object],[object Object],Magnesium ,[object Object],[object Object],Calcium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Potassium Sodium Observations/Equations Metal

Question to ponder! If dilute sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is used instead of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) for reaction with the metals. Predict what you will observe and the products formed if any.

Summary table of the reactivity of the metals from experimental observations Reactive metals Fairly reactive metals Unreactive metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No reaction No reaction with water and steam Lead Copper Silver Moderately fast reaction Slow reaction React with steam Magnesium Zinc Iron Explosive reaction Violent reaction React with cold water Potassium Sodium Calcium Reaction with dilute acids Reaction with water or steam Metal

Review 1 Increasing reactivity Least reactive metal Most reactive metal K Mg Cu Na Ca Zn Pb Fe Ag ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metals Reactivity Water Decomposition of metal carbonates Reduction of metal oxides Dilute acids Steam Recall… Arranged via Determined by reaction with

MgO (s) + C (s) No reaction 2CuO (s) + C (s) 2Cu (s) + CO 2 (g) Copper oxide reduced to copper Reduction of metals oxides with carbon ,[object Object],[object Object],Magnesium oxide was not reduced ,[object Object],Increasing reactivity Can be tested using limewater K > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag

Apparatus Mixture of metal oxides and carbon Wire gauze

Importance of this reaction (Metal oxides with Carbon) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reduction of metal oxides with hydrogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],For example: Fe 2 O 3 (s) + 3H 2 (g) 2Fe (s) + 3H 2 O (l) ,[object Object]

Apparatus Heat Metal oxides Hydrogen

Summary table of the reductions of metal oxides with carbon and hydrogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Potassium oxide (K 2 O) Sodium oxide (Na 2 O) Calcium oxide (CaO) Magnesium oxide (MgO) Zinc oxide (ZnO) Iron (III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) Lead (II) oxide (PbO) Copper (II) oxide (CuO) Silver (I) oxide (Ag 2 O) Reduction with hydrogen Reduction with carbon Metal oxide

Important to note! ,[object Object],Metal atom Metal ion + Electron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Increasing reactivity and tendency to form positive ions K > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag

Action of heat on metal carbonates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Metal carbonates Metal oxides + carbon dioxide Heat

Apparatus Limewater: To test for carbon dioxide gas Metal carbonate

Table of the action of heat on metal carbonates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Effect of heat on the carbonate Metal carbonates Decomposes more easily down the reactivity series; Thermal stability decreases

Review 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ZnCO 3 , MgCO 3 , Ag 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Fe 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 Ag 2 CO 3 , Fe 2 CO 3 , ZnCO 3 , MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3

Metals Reactivity Water Decomposition of metal carbonates Reduction of metal oxides Dilute acids Steam Recall… Arranged via Determined by reaction with Displacement reactions in the next lesson

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Lesson

Metals - Reactivity Series

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Metals - Reactivity Series

Similar to Metals - Reactivity Series (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Metals - Reactivity Series