2. Post-production
Post-production is, in fact, many different processes grouped
under one name. These typically include:-
Editing the picture / television program
Writing, (re-)recording, and editing the soundtrack.
Adding visual special effects - mainly computer-generated imagery
(CGI) and digital copy from which release prints will be made
(although this may be made obsolete by digital-cinema
technologies).
Transfer of film to Video or Data with a telecine and Color grading.
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3. Visual fx Vs Special fx
“Visual Effects" is referring to digital post-production
and "special effects" referring to on-set mechanical
effects and in-camera optical effects.
Special effects are created during shooting, and Visual
effects are done in post.
5. Mechanical Effects
They are also called as practical or physical effects and
are usually accomplished during the live-action
shooting
The use of
mechanized props, scenery,
scale models, Pyrotechnics
Atmospheric Effects:
creating physical wind,
rain, fog, snow, clouds etc
6. Optical Effects
Optical effects are done by manipulating the camera and
lighting which in turn will make your scene look different
than what it looks like to the naked eye.
This could involve working with camera lenses, types of
lighting, or camera movements that give a certain look to
the shot.
The special effects supervisor is in charge of making the
creative decisions and works directly with the director on
set to achieve what he/she wants.
7. VFX
Visual effects may be divided into at least four categories:-
Models: miniature sets and models, animatronics.
Matte paintings and stills: digital or traditional paintings or
photographs which serve as background plates for keyed or
rotoscoped elements.
Live-action effects: keying actors or models through bluescreening
and greenscreening.
Digital animation: modeling, computer graphics lighting, texturing,
rigging, animating, and rendering computer-generated 3D
characters, particle effects, digital sets, backgrounds.
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8. Visual Effects
Rotoscopy
Rig and Wire Removal
Camera Tracking and Match Moving
Green and Blue Screen & 3D elements to interact with
live action
Color Correction
Matte Painting
9. Compositing
It is the combining of visual elements from separate
sources into single image, often to create the illusion that
all those elements are parts of the same scene
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10. Compositing
Compositing is taking real-life elements with Computer Generated (CG)
Element and putting them together - so they seem like they were shot
together. The viewer never suspects something is "not right".
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11. VFX
Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are
the various processes by which imagery is created and/or
manipulated outside the context of a live action shoot.
Visual effects often involve the integration of live-action footage
and computer generated imagery (CGI) in order to create
environments which look realistic, but would be dangerous,
costly, or simply impossible to capture on film.
They have become increasingly common in big-budget films,
and have also recently become accessible to the amateur
filmmaker with the introduction of affordable animation and
compositing software.
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12. VFX
A visual effects supervisor is usually involved with the
production from an early stage to work closely with
production and the film's director to achieve the
desired effects.
"visual effects" refer to digital post-production and
"special effects" refer to on-set mechanical effects and
in-camera optical effects.
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13. Chroma keying
Chroma key compositing (or
chroma keying) is a technique for
mixing two images or frames
together in which a color (or a
small color range) from one image
is removed (or made transparent),
revealing another image behind it.
This technique is also referred to as
color keying, color-separation
overlay
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14. Chroma keying
It is commonly used for weather
forecast broadcasts, wherein the
presenter appears to be standing in
front of a large map, but in the studio
it is actually a large blue or green
background.
The meteorologist stands in front of a
blue screen, and then different
weather maps are added on those parts
in the image where the color is blue.
15. Chroma Keying
If the meteorologist himself
wears blue clothes, his clothes
will become replaced with the
background video.
This also works for
greenscreens, since blue and
green are considered the
colors least like skin tone
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19. Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace
over live-action film movement, frame by frame, for use in
animated films.
Originally, pre-recorded live-action film images were projected
onto a frosted glass panel and re-drawn by an animator.
This projection equipment is called a rotoscope, although this
device has been replaced by computers in recent years. In the
visual effects industry, the term rotoscoping refers to the
technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-
action plate so it may be composited over another background.
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20. Rotoscoping
The artist is drawing on a
transparent easel, onto which
the movie projector at the
right is throwing an image of
a single film frame.
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23. Wire Removal
In an action movie there can be literally hundreds of wire removal
shots. A production technique called a “wire gag” is used where
the talent is rigged up with wires to either assist him to leap over a
tall building with a single bound or as a safety feature to save him
from certain death.
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24. Wire Removal
Whenever you are trying to remove an item from a
shot, a background frame must be created for the area
covered by the offending item.
This background frame with the item removed is
called the “clean plate.”
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25. Rig Removal
A close cousin of wire removal is rig removal. A rig is
any kind of device used on the set to hold up an item
up for filming.
After the rig has done its job, it must then be removed
from the scene. It is usually rigid like a rod or pole.
The city fathers were unwilling to cut the light down and the director simply
had to have this particular camera position to get his shot. The solution – rig removal.
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26. Matchmove and Camera Tracking
Camera tracking is the
process of matching the
movement of the CG
camera to the movement of
the camera used in the live-
action footage. As a result,
it is a crucial part of all
visual effects shots.
Despite its importance, it is
completely invisible in the
final shot.
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27. Matchmove and Camera Tracking
If CG elements (the crow in this case) interacts with objects
which are a part of the footage (the branch of a tree), then
matchmoving is needed for that object or character.
The CG model of that object or character needs to replicate
the movement of the actual object or character.
This is important as it can be used to cast shadows, receive
reflection, and is also a very good base for animators to
plan out their animation.
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28. Matchmove and Camera Tracking
The camera tracking information lets you add 3-D animated
effects into live-action footage, such as:
Animated 3-D character insertion (mascots, beasts, flying pixies,
you name it). A favorite for commercials.
Vehicle insertion. Aircraft, boats, cars, trucks, spacecraft, things
you wish you could get live, but couldn't afford or don't exist.
Architectural Pre visualization (ground level or helicopter)
Virtual set extensions (boy, that's a fancy newsroom!)
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