This is about the problem solving mehtod, which is an effective learner centered method.

1. ARCHA S R
PROBLEMSOLVINGMETHOD

2.  METHOD WHICH IS USED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS SCIENTIFICALLY.
“METHOD OF SCIENCE” OR “METHOD OF SCIENTIST”
LEARNER CENTERED METHOD
MORE EFFECTIVE THAN TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS
WHAT IS PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD?

3. DEFINITIONS
SKINNER
“PROBLEM SOLVING IS THE PROCESS OF OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES THAT HINDER
THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A GOAL”
JOHN DEWEY
“PROBLEM SOLVING IS WOVEN INTO THE FABRIC OF LOGICAL THINKING. THE
PROBLEM DETERMINES THE GOAL AND THE GOAL CONTROLS THE THINKING PROCESS”
M N SINGH AND S B MAHESWARY
“PROBLEM SOLVING IS A PLANNED ATTACK ON DIFFICULTY FOR FINDING OUT
SATISFACTORY SOLUTION”

4. STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD
◦THERE ARE 6 STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD;
1. FORMATION OF PROBLEM
2. COLLECTION OF RELEVANT DATA
3. ORGANIZATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4. FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS
5. TESTING HYPOTHESIS
6. DRAWING CONCLUSION

5. 1. FORMATION OF PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF
PROBLEM
NATURE OF THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE
VERY CLEAR
TEACHER SHOULD TAKE THE STUDENTS TO
A SITUATION WHERE THE STUDENTS CAN
IDENTIFY OR SENSE THE PROBLEM BY
ASKING QUESTIONS

6. FEATURES OF THE
PROBLEM
THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE;
• CHALLENGING
• MEANINGFUL
• INTERESTING
• CORRELATED WITH LIFE
• CLEARLY DEFINED
• CORRELATED WITH OTHER SUBJECTS IF POSSIBLE

7. COLLECTION OF DATA

8. 2. COLLECTION OF DATA
TEACHER IS SUGGESTING STUDENTS TO REFER MATERIALS
DATA COLLECTION SHOULD BE IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY
LEARNER CAN USE;
1. LIBRARY
2.INTERNET
3.CHECKING REFERENCES
4.VIEWING ABSTRACTS
5.INTERVIEWING EXPERTS

10. 3.ORGANISATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
◦ STUDENTS ORGANISE THE DATA BASED ON THE SIMILARITIES
AND DIFFERENCE
◦ UNNECESSARY DATA SHOULD BE DISCARDED
◦ DATA SHOULD BE FREE FROM ALL KIND OF ERRORS
◦ IT DEMANDS A GREAT AMOUNT OF GUIDANCE FROM TEACHER
BECAUSE STUDENTS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO INTERPRET DATA IN A
CORRECT WAY DUE TO LACK OF EXPERIENCE

12. 3.HYPOTHESIS
◦THE ‘INTELLIGENT’ OR ‘EDUCATED’ GUESS.
◦IT SHOULD BE FREE FROM BIAS AND SELF INCLINATION
◦REJECTING A HYPOTHESIS IS MORE USEFUL THAN
ACCEPTING ONE.
◦MUST BE EASY TO MEASURE

14. 4.TESTING HYPOTHESIS
◦ TO TEST HYPOTHESIS EXPERIEMENT IS CARRIED
OUT
◦ SHOULD BE A FAIR TEST
◦ SELECTING SUITABLE HYPOTHESIS FOR
EXPERIMENTATION
◦ SHOULD REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT TO MAKE SURE
THE RESULTS WEREN’T JUST AN ACCIDENT

15. ◦ CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN FROM THE
SELECTED HYPOTHESIS
◦ TESTING HYPOTHESIS AGAIN AND AGAIN
GIVE DIFFERENT RESULTS.
◦ AFTER DRAWING CONCLUSION TEACHER
WILL MAKE GENERALIZATION

16. ROLE OF TEACHER
HELP TO DEFINE PROBLEM CLEARLY
TO RECALL PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SIMILAR CASES AND GENERAL
RULES THAT APPLY
HELP TO FORMULATE THE GUESSES
TO MAINTAIN A STATE OR DOUBT OR SUSPENSED CONCLUSION
HELP TO ORGANISE THE COLLECTED DATA

19. ADVANTAGES
◦ DO THEIR OWN LEARNING UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THEIR TEACHER
◦ TO PROPOSE,FORMULATE AND STRUCTURE PROBLEMS
◦ TO COLLECT VARIED INFORMATION FROM DIFFEERENT SOURCES.
◦ COLLECT EVIDENCE TO PROVE OR DISPROVE IDENTIFIED HYPOTHESIS
◦ MORE CLOSELY FAMILIAR WITH APPLICATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS INSTEAD OF
HAVING MERE KNOWLEDGE
◦ LEARN TO SOLVE EVERYDAY PROBLEMS

21. DISADVANTAGES
◦ VERY SLOW, LONG, AND TIME CONSUMING
◦ TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON PRACTICAL WORK
◦ TEACHERS HAVE NOT PRACTICED TEACHING IN THIS
METHOD
◦ ALL STUDENTS ARE NOT CAPABLE