Juvenile delinquency is a gateway to adult crime, since a large percentage of criminal careers have their roots in childhood causing serious problems all over the world. Delinquency has always been considered as a social problem over and above the fact that it is a legal problem it is also a psychological problem. Hence to avoid this social evil one has to tackle the complex problem of delinquency from the social psychological and to familial angles. Although laws regarding Juvenile delinquencies have been formed long since, they are also being changed from time to time. Currently, in all the progressive and civilized countries of the world the laws with regard to the Juvenile delinquents have been changed. Murder, rape, dacoity, burglary, kidnapping are a few more that add to the rest of it. On the basis of the available statistics, an inference can be drawn that these crimes are on the increasing path. On the whole, current efforts to fight juvenile delinquency are characterized by the lack of systematic action and the absence of task-oriented and effective social work with both offenders and victims, whether real or potential.

2.  Juvenile crime is one of the nation's serious
problems. Concern about it is widely shared
by federal, state, and local government
officials and by the public. In recent years,
this concern has grown with the dramatic rise
in juvenile violence.
 If this continues at the present rate the future
of our country would be in complete
darkness.
 This presentation focuses on the major
aspects that compel a child to be a
JUVENILE DELINQUENT.

3.  Juvenile Delinquency refers to criminal acts
committed by children or teenagers,
specifically anyone below the age of
18. Common sentiment on this issue is that
the crimes they commit hurt society and the
children themselves.
 A violation of the law by a minor, which is not
punishable by death or life imprisonment.
 Juvenile delinquents are often defined as
children between the ages of 10 and 17 who
have committed a criminal act.

4.  They are of two types :-
 Repeat Offenders
▪ Repeat offenders are also known as “life-course
persistent offenders.” These juvenile delinquents begin
offending or showing other signs of antisocial behavior
during adolescence. Repeat offenders continue to
engage in criminal activities or aggressive behaviors
even after they enter adulthood.
 Age-Specific Offenders
▪ This type of juvenile delinquent behavior begins during
adolescence. While age-specific offenders leave their
delinquent behavior behind when they enter adulthood,
they often have more mental health problems, engage in
substance abuse, and have greater financial problems
than adults who were never delinquent as juveniles.

5.  Delinquency physical causalities on others :
fights, rape, robbery, murder and others.
 Mild delinquency matter : destruction , theft,
pick pocketing, extortion and others.
 Social misbehavior not cause casualties
others : prostitution, drug abuse.
 Against delinquency status: for example,
deny the status of the child as a learner by
way of ditching, deny the status of parents by
running away from home or their command
denied.

6.  Rational choice theory
 Psychological theories
 Social learning theory
 Social disorganization theory

7.  Juvenile delinquents collect, process, and
evaluate information about the crime and
make a decision whether to commit it after
they have weighed the costs and benefits
of doing so.
 Juvenile delinquency represents a well-
thought-out decision whereby delinquents
decide where to commit the crime, who or
what to target, and how to execute it.

8.  This explain juvenile delinquency with
individual-level constructs that exist
inside all people and interact with the
social world.
 For instance, behavioral theory
proposes that behavior reflects
people’s interactions with others
throughout their lifetime.

9.  In social learning theory, It is suggested
that children learn by modeling and
imitating others.
 For example, children learn to be
aggressive from their life experiences and
learn aggression in different ways—for
instance, by seeing parents argue,
watching their friends fight, viewing
violence on television and in movies, and
listening to violent music.

10.  One of the most prominent
sociological theories is the social
disorganization theory developed by
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
(1942), who suggested that juvenile
delinquency was caused by the
neighborhood in which a person lived.

12.  Social concerns
 Psychological concerns
 Drug use
 Physical concerns
 Gangs and cliques
 Abusive behavior
 Peer group rejection
 Labeling

13. • Economic problems in family:
Children belonging to poor families are
more prone to commit crimes.
• Psychological problems in family:
Psychological problems of parents also
had an adverse effect on the mind of
growing child.
• Social problems in family:
Social problems cause stress and due to
stress teens get involved in violence.

14.  The level of parental supervision:
If a child has low parental supervision they are much
more likely to offend.
 Parental conflict or separation:
Children brought up by lone parents are more likely to
start offending than those who live with both of them.
 Criminal parents or siblings:
Adolescents with criminal siblings are only more likely
to be influenced by their siblings, and also become
delinquent.
Family Causes

15.  Across all four categories of offenses, person,
property, drugs, and public order offenses, girls
accounted for a greater proportion of delinquency
cases in 2005 than in 1985 .
 Between 1980 and 2003, youth arrests increased,
peaking in the mid-1990s, and then decreased. The
share of female juvenile arrests grew from 20 to 29%
in those years.
 While most offenses that lead to arrest are
committed by boys, girls account for the majority of
arrests for certain types of offenses such as running
away (59%) and prostitution and commercialized vice
(69%).

16.  In 1980, boys were four times
as likely as girls to be arrested
for a violent crime. Today they
are only twice as likely.
 Boys and girls generally start
offending at the same ages
for less serious types of crime
, but for more serious or
violent types of crime, girls
tend to start offending at a
younger age than boys.
BOYS V/S GIRLS

17.  Section 2(a)
of the Act defined the term ‘juvenile’ as a “boy who has not
attained the age of 16 years and a girl who has not
attained the age of 18 years”.
 Apprentices Act, 1850
It provided that children under the age of 15 years found to
havecommitted petty offence will be bounded as
apprentices.

18.  Reformatory Schools Act, 1897
Came into effect which provided that children up to the age
of 15 years sentenced to imprisonment would be sent to
reformatory cell.
 Juvenile Justice Act, 1986
After the Independence, with an aim to provide care,
protection, development and rehabilitation of neglected or
delinquent juveniles, our Parliament enacted this act. It was
an Act which brought uniform system throughout the country.
 The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)
Amendment Bill 2015.
The bill allows for juveniles 16 years or older to be tried
as adults for heinous offences like rape and murder. Heinous
offences are those which are punishable with imprisonment
of seven years or more.

19. STATISTICS

25.  Parents have also
tremendous role to play in
the rehabilitation of their
delinquent children.
 They, therefore, must be
helped to develop insight to
their own behavior and
analyze their own behavior
which might have led to the
maladjustment in the child.

26.  Finally, the society and public should also change
their outlook and attitude towards delinquency in
general. The delinquents must be dealt with
sympathy, understanding and good behaviour.
 Therefore, vast programs are now being
undertaken to clear the slum areas and for
providing educational and recreational facilities
for the slum children .
 Along with this minimum education, vocational
training and training in different trades should
also be provided.
WHAT COULD BE DONE

28.  No form of psychological, spiritual
or medical help can correct
people who commit such a
heinous crime. These people should
be removed from the society.
 What happens the day when some
fifteen year old does some heinous
crime ,again there will be a hue
and cry to reduce the age to 14 or
so. Better solution would be to
treat all heinous crimes under the
same law irrespective of the age.
 So a person might attain adulthood
anytime from 13 to 18 rather than
on 18th birthday.

29.  This purpose of giving punishment to the
culprit in a major way is to prevent criminal
acts. But the question arises whether Juvenile
delinquents who are below 18 years of age
should be punished like the convicts and
criminals or not.
 Sociologists and psychologists strongly hold
that since Juvenile delinquency refers to the
cases of young minds and children at their
tender age, one has to deal with such cases
very cautiously and carefully.

30. SUBMITTED BY :-
• Anushka Sahu
•Ajay Sain
• Harsh Jain
• Utkarsh Vishven